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181	Analýza systému zadávání, hodnocení a výběru podlimitních veřejných zakázek / Public contracts below threshold: an analysis of terms, evaluation and selection Hrnčířová, Kristýna January 2013 (has links) The thesis aims to examine effectiveness of the system of public procurement in the Czech Republic and emphasisizes its evaluation criteria. Evaluation criteria in public procurement are an essential part of the selection process and play thus a highly important role when selecting the winning bid, or rather the the winner awarded with the public contract to be implemented. The paper focuses on below-threshold procurement in building area. Below-threshold public contracts can be divided into two groups according to the pre-set evaluation criteria. Either is there a single criterion for evaluation of the bids accepted, i.e. the key criterion is the lowest bid placed or more sub-criteria are applied, i.e. the key criterion is economic advantage of the offer. In order to determine/identify, which way of public procurement is more efficient, different characteristics of the evaluation process in each of the groups are compared. In the final part these partial results are generalized and thus allow formulating a few recommendations for practise/real-life recommendations.
182	Méthodologie d'identification et d'évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement en phase de réponse à appel d'offre / Methodology of dependability identification and evaluation during the bid process phase Benaben, Anne-Lise 26 June 2009 (has links) La sûreté de fonctionnement (SdF) des produits, processus et services est une préoccupation permanente de tous les acteurs industriels. C'est le cas notamment dans le secteur automobile à l'exemple des équipementiers confrontés à des clients de plus en plus exigeants en matière de sûreté de fonctionnement. Jusqu'alors uniquement intéressé par les résultats, le client requiert aujourd'hui, dès les négociations couplées à l'appel d'offre (AO), une information précise sur la démarche même que le fournisseur prévoit de mettre en place pour satisfaire aux exigences SdF. Conscients de ces nouveaux besoins, nous nous sommes intéressés à la problématique d'identification de la "dimension SdF" du produit au stade de l'AO et à l'évaluation de l'impact économique de son intégration sur le développement futur du produit. Les conséquences de la prise en compte de la SdF sont doubles puisqu'elles concernent à la fois le produit qui voit sa robustesse optimisée mais aussi la démarche d'analyse permettant de dimensionner les solutions appropriées. Dans l'objectif de répondre à la problématique, nous avons proposé une organisation du processus de réponse à appel d'offre en différentes étapes instrumentées allant de l'identification des éléments relatifs à la SdF dans les documents clients fournis pour l'AO à la définition et à l'évaluation de l'impact SdF. / Products Dependability, process and services is a major and permanent topic for industrial actors and especially in automotive industry, where products suppliers are faced to customers more and more aware about dependability. Until now, Customers was only interested about results, they request today, in bid process timeframe, informations about processes put in place in order to reach dependability objectives. Taking these new requirements into accounts, we have focused our work on dependability identification during bid process and the evaluation its cost impact on development. Taking dependability into account allow to increase product robustness but also to make better design choice in term of dependability. Thus, in order to reach this objective, we propose a step by step process for bid phases from dependability topics identification to cost impact. Sûreté de fonctionnement Processus de réponse à appel d'offre Ingénierie des connaissances Cycle de vie produit Dependability (RAMS) Bid process Knowledge enginnering Product development Product life cycle
183	Les moyens de défense contre les OPA hostiles / Antitakeover defenses Maouche, Samia 27 November 2017 (has links) Opérations particulièrement complexes, les offres publiques d'acquisition ne cessent de faire parler d'elles, plus particulièrement lorsqu'elles présentent un caractère hostile pour la société visée. De nombreux efforts législatifs ont été mis en œuvre en vue d'encadrer les OPA et de lutter contre les prises de contrôle rampantes. L'analyse du droit positif permet de mettre en lumière ces différents efforts ainsi que leur mise en œuvre à travers diverses techniques par les sociétés visées. Ces dernières ont par ailleurs développé un certain nombre de mécanismes de défense anti-OPA particulièrement efficaces, mais se révélant le plus souvent insuffisants face à l'ingéniosité dont peut faire preuve l'initiateur. Le droit positif montre ainsi ses limites face à des pratiques qui ne cessent d'évoluer. L'analyse prospective du droit anti-OPA permet d'observer les nouvelles mutations que subit le droit positif au regard des nouveaux enjeux économiques. Elle permet également d'envisager de nouveaux modes d'appréhension des OPA hostiles. Il est ainsi possible d'observer que le gouvernement d'entreprise prend une place considérable dans la vie des sociétés cotées. De même, la montée en puissance de la régulation et l'interventionnisme de l’État sont de plus en plus marqués ; et les salariés s'impliquent de plus en plus dans la gestion de l'entreprise. L'ensemble de ces paramètres marquent un glissement progressif vers une réorganisation du mode de fonctionnement des sociétés, ce qui a amené au développement du soft law, un droit à la frontière du droit positif et des pratiques des sociétés. Le soft law constitue à ce titre une approche inédite des OPA hostiles, dont l'analyse permet de cerner les apports liés à la mutation du droit positif et d'envisager l'émergence de nouveaux moyens de défense. Celui-ci doit toutefois demeurer complémentaire au cadre législatif et réglementaire existant. / No abstract Prise de contrôle Offres publiques d'achat Prise de contrôle hostile Offre obligatoire Offre amicale Sociétés cotées Moyens de défense Actions Initiateur Société cible Franchissement de seuils Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) Actionnaires Droits de vote Action de concert Salariés Conseil d'administration Comité d'entreprise Augmentation de capital Transparence Chevalier blanc Bons bretons (pilules empoisonnées) Droit souple Gouvernement d'entreprise Contre-OPA Sanctions Takeover bid Hostile takeover bid Mandatory bid Amicable bid Listed companies Antitakeover defenses Shares Raider Target company Crossing of shareholding thresholds Amf Shareholders Voting rights Concert Employees Board of directors Works council Increase of capital Transparency Wight knight Poison pills Soft law Corporate governance Pacman Sanctions 330
184	Analýza vlivů ovlivňující rozdíl mezi předpokládanými a skutečnými náklady stavebního díla / Analysis of the effects influencing the difference between projected and actual costs of construction works Bártů, Dominik January 2012 (has links) This Master’s thesis deals with the analysis of the effects influencing the difference between projected and actual costs of the works. To obtain prices of supply and demand itemized budgets were compiled on the basis of the project documents of this object and firm pricing. The actual price is based on the outputs of in-house accounting. The result is an effort to define and describe all possible factors that might have a negative effect on the project's economic outcome.
185	Großereignisbewerbungen als Instrument aktiver Stadtentwicklungspolitik:: Eine vergleichende Analyse mehrfach gescheiterter Städte in Deutschland Krause, Cindy 17 December 2015 (has links) Seit den 1990er Jahren werden Großereignisse in der Stadtsoziologie und den Planungswissenschaften als Instrumente der Stadtentwicklungspolitik diskutiert. Großereignissen wie den Olympischen Spielen, Weltausstellungen, Gartenschauen oder der Europäischen Kulturhauptstadt eilt der Ruf voraus, Entwicklungsimpulse in den Ausrichterstädten zu setzen oder einen Wendepunkt in der Stadtentwicklung zu markieren. Die fachliche Diskussion eint, dass Großereignisse die Umsetzung von Stadtentwicklungsprojekten beschleunigt. Ebenso gehört die Mobilisierung von Fördermitteln, die Bündelung personeller Ressourcen und die Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Ausrichterstadt zu weiteren bekannten Auswirkungen. Diese zu erwartenden positiven Effekte motiviert Städte immer wieder sich für Großereignisse zu bewerben. Doch was passiert, wenn Städte mit der Großereignisbewerbung scheitern? Die Dissertation konzentriert sich auf das Phänomen, dass zwischen 2000 und 2010 eine Vielzahl deutscher Städte mehrfach mit Bewerbungen für Großereignisse scheiterten. Inwieweit bestand ein Zusammenhang zwischen den verschiedenen Bewerbungsprozessen einer Stadt bzw. zu Stadtentwicklungsstrategien? Welche Effekte riefen die Bewerbungsprozesse in den Städten hervor und worauf lassen sich die Effekte zurückführen? Diesen Fragen wird durch die Analyse von 11 Fallstädten nachgegangen. Die recherchierten und aufgearbeiteten Informationen über die gescheiterten Großereignisbewerbungen und deren Effekte zeigen, dass die Bewerbungsprozesse oftmals der Ausgangspunkt für weitere Entwicklungen gewesen sind. Bewerbungsbücher, Bewerbungskonzeptionen und Machbarkeitsstudien enthalten viele Informationen über die Bewerberstädte, Zukunftsideen und Projekte zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität in der Stadt. Sie stellen damit Belege dar, die einen bestimmten Entwicklungsabschnitt der ehemaligen Bewerberstädte dokumentieren und strategischen Stadtentwicklungsdokumenten ähneln. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/711 ddc:711
186	Veřejné zadávání v prostředí systémové korupce / Public procurement in systemic corruption environment Langr, Ivan January 2020 (has links) The dissertation aims to examine the phenomenon of systemic corruption in the Czech public procurement environment and to propose a theoretical concept that would help to identify the causes and risks of this phenomenon. In parallel, the dissertation elaborates on the basis for proposing an effective anti-corruption policy that would address the underlying systemic causes. Methodologically, the dissertation builds on the analysis of public procurement by the Office for the Protection of Competition and the Supreme Audit Office, on the court case analysis and media discourse and also on interviews with respondents from the Czech public administration, academia, non-profit sector, and investigative bodies.
187	The impact of industrial diversification on corporate transactions Nöllgen, Bruno 20 January 2014 (has links) This doctoral thesis consists of three articles: one literature overview and two empirical articles. The first article provides a literature overview about industrial diversification, corporate acquisitions and the intersection of both research areas. This thesis secondly analyzes whether conglomerates invest externally differently from focused firms. This investigation provides new insights on the question how industrial diversification influences corporate investment. It allows to draw conclusions whether internal investment is independent from external investment in diversified firms, or whether weak internal investment in conglomerates is (at least partially) offset by more efficient external investment, or even whether value-destructive internal investment is accompanied by external investment eliciting the same effects. In this case weakly managed multi-segment firms could be also identified by their behavior and success in corporate acquisitions. Third, the thesis copes with the question how conglomerates are perceived and treated as potential targets of corporate acquisitions. This analysis adds further aspects to the question whether multi-segment firms are discounted due to their organizational form. Assuming that the sum of the single segment of a diversified company is higher valued than the conglomerate as a whole, one could expect that investors should strive to acquire such companies, to dismantle them subsequently in order to create additional value by reshaping these inefficiently composed entities. However, there are also contradicting effects of lower synergies and higher integration costs compared to the acquisition of stand alone firms. New insights in these discussions allow us to draw conclusions whether a diversification discount potentially being harvested by a bust up takeover outweighs lower synergies and higher integration costs.:List of Tables … vi List of Figures … viii List of Abbreviations … ix List of Symbols … x Introduction … xiii I. Literature review … 1 1. Literature review about diversification and corporate transactions … 2 1.1. Introduction … 5 1.2. Impact of diversification … 7 1.2.1. Diversification and firm value … 8 1.2.2. Diversification and investment … 15 1.2.3. Diversification and further firm characteristics … 20 1.3. Corporate transactions … 29 1.3.1. Drivers of acquisitions … 29 1.3.2. Characteristics of acquisitions … 40 1.3.3. Impact of corporate transactions … 47 1.4. Intersection between diversification and transactions … 54 1.5. Conclusion … 56 II. Diversification and acquisitions … 74 2. Diversification and the likelihood of acquisitions … 75 2.1. Introduction … 78 2.2. Theoretical background … 81 2.2.1. Diversification and the likelihood of acquisitions … 81 2.2.2. Diversification and deal characteristics … 84 2.2.3. Diversification and deal performance … 86 2.3. Data and methodology … 87 2.4. Descriptive statistics … 91 2.5. Diversification and corporate transactions … 92 2.5.1. Diversification and transaction probability … 92 2.5.2. Diversification and deal characteristics … 95 2.5.3. Diversification and post-acquisition performance … 98 2.6. Conclusion … 100 III. Diversification and takeover likelihood … 109 3. Do acquirers of conglomerates benefit from the diversification discount? … 110 3.1. Introduction … 113 3.2. Theoretical background … 115 3.2.1. Corporate performance, diversification and takeover probability … 115 3.2.2. Entrenchment, diversification and takeover probability … 117 3.2.3. Synergies, integration costs and takeover probability … 119 3.2.4. Bid premiums and post-acquisition returns … 120 3.3. Data and methodology ... 123 3.4. Descriptive statistics … 127 3.4.1. Successful bids and diversification … 127 3.4.2. Bids and conglomerates: univariate analysis … 129 3.5. Diversification and the likelihood of being acquired … 130 3.6. Diversification and the bid premiums paid … 134 3.7. Diversification and the CAR of the acquirer … 138 3.8. Conclusion … 140 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330 ddc:330
188	Differential evolution technique on weighted voting stacking ensemble method for credit card fraud detection Dolo, Kgaugelo Moses 12 1900 (has links) Differential Evolution is an optimization technique of stochastic search for a population-based vector, which is powerful and efficient over a continuous space for solving differentiable and non-linear optimization problems. Weighted voting stacking ensemble method is an important technique that combines various classifier models. However, selecting the appropriate weights of classifier models for the correct classification of transactions is a problem. This research study is therefore aimed at exploring whether the Differential Evolution optimization method is a good approach for defining the weighting function. Manual and random selection of weights for voting credit card transactions has previously been carried out. However, a large number of fraudulent transactions were not detected by the classifier models. Which means that a technique to overcome the weaknesses of the classifier models is required. Thus, the problem of selecting the appropriate weights was viewed as the problem of weights optimization in this study. The dataset was downloaded from the Kaggle competition data repository. Various machine learning algorithms were used to weight vote a class of transaction. The differential evolution optimization techniques was used as a weighting function. In addition, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Safe Level Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SL-SMOTE) oversampling algorithms were modified to preserve the definition of SMOTE while improving the performance. Result generated from this research study showed that the Differential Evolution Optimization method is a good weighting function, which can be adopted as a systematic weight function for weight voting stacking ensemble method of various classification methods. / School of Computing / M. Sc. (Computing) Differentia evolution Weighted voting Stacking ensemble method Class distribution Data distribution SMOTE Machine learning Bid data Credit card fraud 364.163 Credit Card Fraud
189	Hur mäter vi det omätbara? Tenggren, Johanna, Tran, Tonny January 2018 (has links) Fastigheter beläggs med olika pris beroende på en mängd olika faktorer. Denna uppsats syftartill att analysera hur några av dessa prispåverkande faktorer och hur de förhåller sig tillsmåhusfastigheter i Helsingborg. Utöver detta kommer även en faktor, kallad njutningsfaktorn,analyseras för att försöka fastställa hur individers preferenser påverkar värdet. Analysenbaseras på statistiska underlag som kommer att behandlas med hjälp av den hedoniskaprismodellen. Bid-rent modellen kommer att appliceras på staden Helsingborg och dessområden för att skapa en bild av lägesfaktorn. En fördjupning i psykologi och urban ekonomikommer att bidra till analysen av både fysiska och psykologiska aspekter. Resultaten vi fåttfram är att det inte enbart kan tas hänsyn till fysiska aspekter i förhållande till pris på fastigheterutan det är även viktigt att behandla de psykologiska aspekterna för varje individ. / Different real estates have different value, depending upon several factors. This essay aims toanalyse some of these values bearing factors and how they relate to properties in Helsingborg.Beside these factors another factor, called the pleasure factor, will be analysed in an attempt todetermine how individual preferences affects the value. The analysis will be based on statisticmaterial that will be processed with the hedonic price model. The bid-rent model will beapplied to the city and to its areas, to help create an understanding of the location factor. Adepression of psychology and urban economics will contribute to both physical andpsychological aspects of the analysis. The results that will be presented will show that inconsideration to price we can't just tend to the physical aspects but must also consider thepsychological aspects for each individual. Bid-rent Hedoniska prisodellen Psykologi Fastigheter Regressionsmodell Urban Ekonomi Hedonic price model Psychology Real estate Regression model Urban economics Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap
190	Automated Bid Adjustments in Search Engine Advertising Aly, Mazen January 2017 (has links) In digital advertising, major search engines allow advertisers to set bid adjustments on their ad campaigns in order to capture the valuation differences that are a function of query dimensions. In this thesis, a model that uses bid adjustments is developed in order to increase the number of conversions and decrease the cost per conversion. A statistical model is used to select campaigns and dimensions that need bid adjustments along with several techniques to determine their values since they can be between -90% and 900%. In addition, an evaluation procedure is developed that uses campaign historical data in order to evaluate the calculation methods as well as to validate different approaches. We study the problem of interactions between different adjustments and a solution is formulated. Real-time experiments showed that our bid adjustments model improved the performance of online advertising campaigns with statistical significance. It increased the number of conversions by 9%, and decreased the cost per conversion by 10%. / I digital marknadsföring tillåter de dominerande sökmotorerna en annonsör att ändra sina bud med hjälp av så kallade budjusteringar baserat på olika dimensioner i sökförfrågan, i syfte att kompensera för olika värden de dimensionerna medför. I det här arbetet tas en modell fram för att sätta budjusteringar i syfte att öka mängden konverteringar och samtidigt minska kostnaden per konvertering. En statistisk modell används för att välja kampanjer och dimensioner som behöver justeringar och flera olika tekniker för att bestämma justeringens storlek, som kan spänna från -90% till 900%, undersöks. Utöver detta tas en evalueringsmetod fram som använder en kampanjs historiska data för att utvärdera de olika metoderna och validera olika tillvägagångssätt. Vi studerar interaktionsproblemet mellan olika dimensioners budjusteringar och en lösning formuleras. Realtidsexperiment visar att vår modell för budjusteringar förbättrade prestandan i marknadsföringskampanjerna med statistisk signifikans. Konverteringarna ökade med 9% och kostnaden per konvertering minskade med 10%. Digital Advertising Bid Adjustments Optimization Statistical Analysis A/B Testing Digital Marknadsföring Budjusteringar Optimering Statistisk analys A/Btestning Computer and Information Sciences Data- och informationsvetenskap

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