This dissertation focuses on the role of tradition and ritual in historically Black education, particularly combating the legacy of antiblackness in school discipline. The study argues for the use of prophetic disruptive rituals that are grounded in meaning, hope, and love. Using Morehouse College as a philosophical case study, the project draws on digital archival research to answer the central question: How can education empower students to resist the nihilism and despair resulting from continued racial oppression and instead look to the future with hope and imagination? The dissertation acknowledges the significant role of student agency and campus traditions in institutional life and aims to move beyond the deficit-laden approach to historically Black education. Ultimately, the study provides a framework for creating ensouling experiences that breathe life into dry bones.

This dissertation aims to examine racial and ethnic inequities in nursing home (NH) palliative care services and potentially avoidable hospitalizations at the end of life. Health disparities are pervasive in NHs, but disparities in NH end-of-life care (i.e. palliative care services, hospital transfers) have not been comprehensively examined. Chapter One provides an overview of this dissertation, which explores inequities in nursing home end-of-life care. Chapter Two is a systematic review that synthesized the current state of the science in racial and ethnic disparities in NH end-of-life care. Chapter Three was designed to describe palliative care services in U.S. NHs and associations with differences in the concentrations of Black and Hispanic residents, respectively, and the impact by region. Chapter Four is an analysis of racial and ethnic differences in NH potentially avoidable hospitalization incidence rates. Finally, Chapter Five is a synthesis of this body of work. It contains a summary of findings of this dissertation, a discussion of the results, practice and policy implications, and directions for future research.

Across the ever-humming terrain of New York City, an infrastructure dedicated to five boroughs’ and five decades’ worth of hip-hop history is blossoming under the steadfast cultivation of fans, artists, scholars, entrepreneurs, and communities working and living in the music’s birthplace. And yet, contemporary accounts of the march of gentrification through the city are often measured in terms of its effacement of New York’s hip-hop landscape, as well as other black urban centers that inflect the national imagination around Black Music and hip-hop. According to these accounts, the accessibility of this music culture’s local legacies is affected by the ways urban wealth inequality overlaps with the spatial inheritances of race. With these considerations in mind, in this dissertation I trace the relationship between genre, sound, memory, and displacement. At a broader level, this research attends to the impact of gentrification on the historical, sensory, and aesthetic ecologies of neighborhoods and cityscapes, asking how in turn they can curate a sense of recognition, and thus belonging, for both longstanding and recently arrived residents. With a neoliberal contextualization of New York City’s official sound and cultural policies serving as a top-down, place-based framework, I chart local-level encounters between the aural boundaries and aesthetic imaginaries that inflect the habitus of musical genre workers—and the inhabitants of neighborhoods they do work in—and the imagineered sonic assemblages developers seek to impose in courting a well-heeled, white demographic. Keeping an eye on the ways past and present discourses on hip-hop, and the minstrelized legacies of genre in the United States, mediate such encounters, I specifically view locality in this work through commemorative hip-hop projects emerging within the shifting habitus and regulatory regimes of transitioning neighborhoods. Such an exploration demands attentiveness to the racial and right-to-the-city politics these projects serve as they engage the symbolic aura hip-hop has accrued since the early 1980s as a focal point for heated public debates (Rose, Hip Hop Wars). At length, I illuminate how these politics, and projects that anchor them, signal a heightened moment of American genre drama, as hip-hop historicity, canonization, and memorialization interface directly with urbanization, manifesting: a particular anxiety around the potential that contemporary rap partakes in gentrification through a resurrection of the pained-but-jolly black body of minstrelsy, producing scenes of genre subjection; the potential to inhabit, territorialize, and reconstruct racialized property at the level of the individual; possibilities for evading a reinscription of corporeal politics that, as in the heyday of minstrelsy, leave open room for the counter-genre praxes established under it; forms of lyricism and vocality important to such counter-genre praxes and narratives; and finally, approaches to mediating the overlap between economic inequality and the spatial inheritances of race, and the social production of place. Ultimately, this research makes a strong case for the way musical affect and affectation carry the potential for an enduring and powerful influence on gentrification’s revisionary structuring of the body politic.

This dissertation investigates the effectiveness of and disparities in timely goals of care (TGOC) discussions in nursing homes (NHs), as well as hospitalizations due to infections. Chapter One provided an overview of the dissertation, including its aims and conceptual frameworks. Chapter Two is a systematic review of the current evidence concerning the timing of goals of care discussions in NHs and their impact on end-of-life outcomes. Chapter Three examines the differences in TGOC discussions in NHs for Black. Chapter Four analyzes the association between TGOC discussions and hospitalizations due to infections. Finally, Chapter Five synthesizes all findings. Key findings demonstrate that while effective TGOC discussions are associated with reduced hospitalizations due to infections in NH residents, significant racial and ethnic disparities exist, particularly among NHs with higher proportions of Black residents and those located in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. These findings highlight the need for improved TGOC practices and targeted interventions to address systemic barriers and ensure equitable end-of-life care.

Rethinking education in rural areas firstly requires reviewing different legislation from a historical perspective and then reconsidering the place of education in the current rural development debate. To a large extent, rural areas have been neglected in development policies and similarly, the rural dimension of basic education issues, especially in South Africa, has been largely overlooked. Basic facts and figures, as elaborated in this thesis, shed light on the need to devote more attention to rural education. In this thesis, South African legislation in relation to basic education for Black people in rural areas during the colonial period up to the democratic era was investigated. The impact of South African legislation on Black education in rural areas is difficult to unravel and solve overnight since its thinking and practice was consolidated over centuries. However, an attempt was made to determine what the policymakers, mostly White dominated governments who ascribed to segregatory and racial attitudes, did to ensure that different policies enshrined in various legislation impacted negatively on education of people predominantly residing in rural areas. The research affirmed that education of Black people in rural areas was, in most instances negatively impacted by policies of previous White governments. The apartheid government (1948-1993) used poor funding strategies to ensure that there were low teacher-pupil ratios and teacher qualifications. Unequal pattern of education spending continued well into the democratic era. This poor funding which impacted negatively on, especially rural schools, made infrastructural provision in rural areas difficult. Even though the democratic government have competitive legislative policies in place, it was concluded that educational policies since 1994 were hastily implemented and insufficient consideration has been given to the contextual realities in South African schooling, particularly in rural areas. Hence the democratic government still need to give grave attention to the issue of education in rural areas. / Educational Studies / DED (HISTORY OF EDUCATION)

Inserida no campo de estudo das relações raciais e ações afirmativas, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal conhecer as percepções raciais apresentadas por alunos auto classificados negros da Faculdade Zumbi dos Palmares e averiguar, no entendimento destes alunos, o que a experiência de cursar esta faculdade influenciou na maneira como significam esta pertença racial. Localizada na cidade de São Paulo, a Faculdade Zumbi dos Palmares (FZP) é uma instituição privada, de caráter comunitário e sem fins lucrativos que foi criada em 2003 com o objetivo de atender à demanda da população negra por formação em nível superior. Essa iniciativa pretendia constituir uma faculdade de excelência que, além da formação acadêmica, pudesse proporcionar aos estudantes negros um espaço de construção e afirmação da identidade racial por meio de currículos marcados pela transversalidade, que abordam diretamente a questão do negro na sociedade brasileira. Para atender aos seus objetivos, a faculdade instituiu um sistema de cotas raciais no qual destina 50% de suas vagas a alunos auto declarados negros. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, foi realizada entre os anos de 2009 e 2011, a partir de visitas de observação e entrevistas individuais baseadas em questionários semi-estruturados. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com alunos dos cursos de Direito e Administração de Empresas e uma entrevista com uma representante da instituição. Os roteiros utilizados pretendiam abarcar diferentes aspectos da vida dos entrevistados e da rotina da faculdade, bem como suas percepções sobre identidade racial e o modo como compreendiam as relações raciais a partir de suas experiências na FZP. Do ponto de vista teórico, essa pesquisa se apoiou nos conceitos de raça, pertencimento racial, socialização e ação afirmativa. Os resultados evidenciam a influência não só do discurso da FZP, mas também da convivência com outros jovens estudantes negros, em um ambiente que se mostrou bastante estimulante e acolhedor ao debate das questões raciais comuns àqueles estudantes. Este contexto comprovou-se propício ao desenvolvimento de um pertencimento racial, entendido aqui como a auto-inclusão em uma coletividade na qual se compartilham valores, anseios e aspirações implicando comprometimento ativo com um projeto de sociedade que vá ao encontro dessas aspirações, ainda que marcado por contradições com os ideias de individualismo e competitividade presentes neste tipo de projeto de ascensão social. / Delving into race relations and affirmative action programs, this study examines the racial perceptions of undergraduate students at Zumbi dos Palmares College who classify themselves as black. It also examines how these students understand their own sense of racial belonging at this institution. Located in the city of São Paulo, Zumbi dos Palmares College (FZP) is a private, non-profit educational organization which was established in 2003 in order to meet the demands of black students with regard to higher education. This college was created to not only to provide excellent educational programs but also to provide an environment where black students can build and affirm strong racial identities through a curriculum that is emphasizes social inclusion, which is something that directly affects black people in Brazilian society. To help reach its goals, the college instituted a racial quota system in which 50% of their available undergraduate spots are reserved for self-declared black students. The qualitative research was carried out from 2009 to 2011, from observational visits and semi-structured individual interviews. The researcher interviewed five students from the Law and Business Administration programs and one representative of the institution. The material used was intended to encompass different aspects of the lives of the respondents within the confines of the college´s routines. Furthermore, the study analyzed studenst perceptions of racial identity and their understanding about race relations from their experiences at FZP. From a theoretical perspective, this research relied on the concepts of race, racial inclusion, socialization and affirmative action. The results show the influence of the open racial discourse at FZP, and more specifically, the effects of groups of young black students living with other young black students in an encouraging and welcoming environment designed to promote the debate of racial issues. This institution has proven to be conducive to the development of racial inclusion a community in which has shared values, desires and aspirations involving an active engagement with a societal project. Nevertheless, it should be noted that these goals, though positive, are marked by some inconsistencies regarding individualism and competitiveness which should be core to a project for social mobility.

. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo observar a influência da black music norte-americana na formação da identidade dos jovens negros que frequentam as festas da cena black paulistana. Para isso, procura-se debruçar sobre os fatores históricos, sociais, culturais e políticos que propiciam essa dinâmica. A motivação para a realização do trabalho nasce da participação em eventos nos dois países em diferentes momentos, onde se fez perceptível certa semelhança no comportamento dos jovens, o que despertou o desejo de investigar quão profundos seriam esses laços entre grupos tão distintos. A partir da perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais intenta-se mostrar como há mais de quatro décadas a black music atua como um elo entre povos da diáspora africana. O embasamento teórico e as entrevistas realizadas permitem contextualizar o fenômeno e trilhar um percurso que demonstra como a partir da escravidão e da forma como o pensamento racial se estruturou, a sociedade brasileira foi gerada de forma excludente deixando o negro sem referenciais positivos para formar sua identidade, o que faz com que as manifestações afro-americanas sirvam de inspiração, ainda que existam diferenças nas relações raciais nos dois países. Essa aproximação se dá principalmente no campo cultural, em especial por meio da música, que se manifesta na diáspora como um memorial à ancestralidade africana. Essa dinâmica tem início ainda na década de 1970 com os grandes bailes blacks, se transforma na década de 1980 com o surgimento do movimento hip hop em São Paulo e chega ao século 21, em uma nova fase de baladas blacks que podem ser vistas como um forte exemplo das mudanças ocorridas no novo milênio a partir do advento da globalização. Utilizo como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio de livros, vídeos e websites além de observações realizadas a partir de experiências pessoais e entrevistas, o que permite uma maior compreensão do fenômeno. / This dissertation aims to observe the influence of American black music in the identity formation of the black youth who attend the black party scene in Sao Paulo city. We look into the historical, social, cultural and political factors that favor this dynamic. The motivation is participation in events in both countries at different moments, which aroused the desire to investigate these deep ties between such distinct groups. From the Cultural Studies perspective we show how American black music has played a role in the link between diaspora people. The theoretical basement and the interviews allows us to contextualize this phenomenon and to view a path showing how from slavery the way racial thought was structured in Brazilian society has generated exclusionary ideas which didnt give positive influences for the black identity. That makes the African American manifestations serve as inspirations even if there are differences in the racial relations in both countries. This approximation occurs mainly in the cultural field. Especially through the music, which manifests in the diaspora as a memorial to the African inheritance. This dynamic started in the 1970s at huge black balls and underwent a transformation in the 1980s with creation of the hip hop movement in Sao Paulo and arrives to the 21st century in a new phase of black clubs which can be observed as a strong example of the changes that globalization has brought. As methodology I used bibliographical research through books, videos, sites and also observations through personal experiences and interviews which allow better comprehension of the phenomenon.

A presente dissertação teve como objeto o estudo do princípio da igualdade e das ações afirmativas. O objetivo específico foi o de investigar se nas decisões julgadas de 2001 a 2008 do Tribunal de Justiça do estado do Rio de Janeiro, o argumento racial foi mais utilizado que o argumento social. O recorte espacial se deu em função de esse estado ser o único a instituir reserva de vagas em suas universidades públicas por meio de lei estadual. O recorte temporal justifica-se pelo fato de o ano de 2001 ter sido praticamente o primeiro ano de vigência da primeira lei estadual, e o ano de 2008 ter sido o último ano de coleta de julgados na página eletrônica do Tribunal. O trabalho está dividido em duas partes: na primeira parte, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o princípio da igualdade e suas diferentes acepções, sobre as ações afirmativas e sobre a condição do negro no Brasil. Na segunda parte, uma exposição das leis do estado do Rio de Janeiro foi feita, para em seguida apresentar uma análise dos julgados pesquisados. Ao final, concluiu se que o argumento racial aparece mais nos julgados do que o social, mas que, ao longo dos anos, esse argumento desaparece gradualmente das decisões, deslocando o eixo da discussão para o critério social da carência. Ademais, concluiu-se que as ações afirmativas são meios legítimos de concretizar o princípio da igualdade, que distinguem-se de medidas universalistas, e devem com elas ser conjugadas. / This work aimed to study the principle of equality and affirmative action. The specific objective was to investigate whether in the Rio de Janeiro Court\'s decisions between 2001 and 2008 the racial argument was used more often than the social argument. The study was limited to the State of Rio de Janeiro, as it pioneered the implementation of quotas in public universities by a State law. The time delimitation is justified by the fact that the first State law came into effect in 2001 and 2008 was the last year of data collection from the Court\'s website. The work is divided into two parts: the first one consists of a literature review of the principle of equality and its various meanings, the affirmative action concept, and the condition of black people in Brazil. The second part discusses the relevant laws in the State of Rio de Janeiro, followed by an analysis of the decisions encountered during the referred period. This research concludes that the racial argument appears more frequently than the social argument; but over the years, this very argument faded away, shifting the centre of the debate to the criterion of social deprivation. Moreover, it concludes that affirmative action is a legitimate means of achieving the principle of equality, serving a different purpose than universal measures, and should be combined with them.

Trata do processo de configuração dos núcleos de fixação urbana de ex-escravos, tendo como estudo de caso a cidade de São Carlos, do interior paulista, a partir de três bairros surgidos contemporaneamente à Abolição, com grande presença negra: Vila Isabel, Vila Nery e Vila Pureza. A historiografia sobre os escravos no período pós-abolição do Brasil vem se tornando cada vez menos rara, no entanto ainda é nebulosa a influência exercida pela herança cultural dos ex-escravos no ambiente da cidade por eles ocupado, considerando aspectos materiais e imateriais. O presente trabalho trata da relação entre os bairros e o espaço em que eles se inseriram, bem como as relações espaciais entre as habitações e outros equipamentos dentro dos próprios núcleos. Analisa, ainda, as moradias, notando a ocupação do lote, a distribuição interna dos ambientes, o uso e representação de cada espaço e as transformações ocorridas ao longo do tempo. Por fim, visa contribuir para ampliar a historiografia do negro em nosso país, a partir de uma perspectiva que o considera ativo e atuante no processo de construção das cidades após abolição. / This configuration process of urban fixing neighborhoods of former slaves, taking as a case study the city of São Carlos, in São Paulo State, from three districts emerged contemporaneously with the abolition of slavery, with large black presence: Vila Isabel, Vila Nery and Vila Pureza. The historiography of the slaves in the post-abolition period in Brazil is becoming less and less rare, however it is still cloudy the influence of the cultural heritage of the former slaves in the city environment they occupy, considering material and immaterial aspects. This paper deals with the relationship between the neighborhoods and the space in which they were inserted, and the spatial relationships between housing and other equipment inside the neighborhoods themselves. It also analyzes the Vilas, noting the lot occupation, the internal distribution of environments, the use and representation of each space and the changes occurring over time. Finally, it aims to contribute to enlarge the historiography of black people in our country, from a perspective that considers them active in the construction process of the cities after abolition (1888).

Esta dissertação propõe um estudo sobre a questão racial no futebol brasileiro atual a partir das histórias orais de vida de alguns negros que atuaram entre 1970 e 2010. O texto é dividido em três partes: na primeira, é apresentada a história do projeto, com destaque para as discussões teóricas e metodológicas; na segunda, são expostas sete narrativas correspondentes às redes de jogadores, treinadores, árbitros, dirigentes, torcedores, jornalistas e intelectuais; na terceira, são encaminhadas interpretações levando-se em consideração o conjunto dos documentos orais constituídos. Nesta última parte, são explicitados eixos temáticos que buscam articular as experiências individuais com as coletivas e traçar as especificidades de cada profissão abordada. Almeja-se, desta maneira, contribuir para o debate acadêmico com a incorporação dos discursos destes negros e a reflexão sobre as relações raciais no Brasil tomando por base as experiências e as memórias destas pessoas em nosso futebol. / This thesis proposes a study on the racial issues within the current Brazilian football scene from the oral life stories of some black men that played between 1970 and 2010. The text is composed of three parts: the first one presents the history of the project, highlighting theoretical and methodological discussions; the second one shows seven narratives corresponding to the webs of: football players, coaches, referees, directors of football clubs, fans, journalists and intellectuals; the third one develops interpretations taking into account the set of oral documents obtained. This last part reveals thematic axes that seek to articulate individual experiences with the collective ones and to delineate the specifics of each considered occupation. The aim is to contribute to the academic debate by absorbing these black men speeches and by reflecting on the racial relations in Brazil, having as a starting point the experiences and memories of such people in our football.