Syftet med studien var tudelat. Syftet var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare upplever situationer där socialtjänsten konstaterat att en familj är i behov av insatser, men både samtycke från vårdnadshavare och skäl att tillämpa 2 § LVU saknas. Syftet var också att undersöka hur socialsekreterare arbetar för att motivera vårdnadshavare i dessa situationer. För att besvara vårt syfte använde vi oss av en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer. Vi intervjuade sex socialsekreterare med erfarenhet av arbete med barnavårdsutredningar. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och tolkades med Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater samt Revstedts teori om motivationsrelationen. Resultatet visade att socialsekreterare upplever att deras handlingsutrymme är begränsat i glappet mellan frivillighet och tvång. Resultatet visade även att motivationsarbetet med vårdnadshavare är avgörande för att färre barn ska hamna i glappet samt att de önskar ett mellantvång som gör det möjligt för dem att under längre tid träffa och motivera vårdnadshavare att ta emot insats. Av studien framkom det även att socialsekreterarna anser att relationsskapande är en viktig del i motivationsarbetet. / The purpose of the studies was two-sided. The aim was to investigate how social workers experience situations where social services have determined that a family is in need of interventions, while there is no reason to apply 2 § LVU. The aim was also to investigate how social workers work to motivate guardians in these situations. To answer our purpose we used a qualitative method with the help of interviews. We interviewed six social workers with experience of working with child welfare investigations. The collected material was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis and interpreted with Lipsky's theory of street level bureaucrats and Revstedt's theory of the motivational relationship. The results showed that social workers feel that their room of action is limited in the gap between voluntary and constraint. The results showed that social workers feel that their room of action is limited in the gap between voluntary and constraint. The results also showed that the motivational work with guardians is crucial for fewer children to end up in the gap and that they wish for an intermediate constraint that makes it possible for a longer period of time and motivate guardians to receive support. The study also revealed that the social workers believe that relationship building is an important part of the motivational work.

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which children participate in the social services childcare investigations but also what impact the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child had on the investigations according to the social workers. A qualitative method was used, and the study was based on six interviews with social workers from the Swedish social services working with childcare investigations with children in the ages between 0-18 years. The theoretical framework used in this study was Shiers model of pathways to participation. The result of this study shows that the social workers place themselves at least at the third level in Shiers model of pathways to participation while most of the respondents placed themselves at the fourth level of participation before the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Half of the respondents placed themselves higher on the model of pathways to participation regarding after the convention was incorporated. Although, most of the respondents agreed that the incorporation of the convention has not had any significant impact in practice and expressed that they do not work differently after the incorporation.

Bakgrund: Övervikt hos barn är ett växande folkhälsoproblem som hotar barns psykiska och fysiska hälsa. Distriktssköterskan har i uppdrag att främja barns hälsa i sitt arbete på barnavårdscentralen och kan med hjälp av familjefokuserad omvårdnad se till barnets helhet. Föräldrarna har ett stort inflytande över sina barns levnadsvanor och det är därmed av stor vikt att undersöka upplevelsen av det hälsofrämjande arbetet utifrån deras perspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa hur föräldrar till barn med övervikt upplever distriktssköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete på barnavårdscentralen. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med 9 föräldrar som erhåller eller har erhållit stöd och behandling via barnavårdscentralen när barnet var i åldern 2 – 5 år. Data analyserades utifrån kvalitativ latent innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas i 2 huvudkategorier: ”Baksidan av tillväxtkontroller” och ”Skiftande uppfattningar om det hälsofrämjande arbetet”. I “Baksidan av tillväxtkontroller” identifierades 2 underkategorier: “Olika syn på barnets övervikt” och “Känslan av att vara övervakad utan nytta”. I “Skiftande uppfattningar om det hälsofrämjande arbetet” identifierades fyra underkategorier: “Konkret rådgivning”,“Användbar rådgivning och positiva effekter”, “Brister i rådgivning och kompetens” och“Kampen mellan att följa råden och göra det bästa för sitt barn”. Slutsats: Behandlingen på barnavårdscentralen väckte mycket känslor hos föräldrarna och de hade sitt barns bästa i fokus huruvida de valde att följa behandlingen eller inte. Föräldrarna beskrev både positiva och negativa upplevelser av distriktssköterskans rådgivning och bemötande, vilket till stor del påverkade om familjen förändrade sina levnadsvanor. / Background: Obesity in children is a growing public health problem that threatens children's mental and physical health. The district nurse is tasked with promoting children's health through her work at the childcare centre and, with the help of family-centred care, can taken care of the child as a whole. Parents have a great influence over their children's lifestyle and it is therefore of great importance to examine the experience of the health promotion work from their perspective. Aim: The purpose of the study is to shed light on how parents to overweight children experience the district nurse's health promotion work at the childcare centre. Method: Qualitative interview study with an inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews with 9 parents who receive or have received support and treatment via the childcare centre when the child was aged 2 -5 years. The data was analysed based on qualitative latent content analysis. Results: The results are reported in 2 main categories: “The back side of growth controls” and “Changing perceptions of health promotion work". In "The back side of Growth controls" could 2 subcategories be identified: "Different views on the child's obesity" and "The feeling of being observes without benefit". In "Changing perceptions of health promotion work" 4 subcategories could be identified: "Concrete advice", "Useful advice and positive effects", "Deficits regarding advice and competence" and "The struggle between following the advice and doing the best for one's child". Conclusions: The treatment at the childcare centre aroused a lot of emotion in the parents and they had their child's best interests in focus regardless they chose to follow the treatment or not. The parents described both positive and negative experiences of the district nurse's advice and treatment, which largely influenced whether the family changed their lifestyle.

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<p>This study is an exploration of why policy outcomes in the sectors of child care and unemployment insurance, between the time period 1972 to 1996, did not meet the policy goals of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC) in Canada and the National Women's Council of lreland (NWCI). Specifically, this study sought to explain why successive governments in Canada and Ireland persistently resisted the implementation of policy goals put forth by NAC and NWCI in the sectors of child care and unemployment insurance, or when they did respond, policy outcomes had differential impacts on women. With this in mind, the overall research question of this study was: What happened to the policy goals ofNAC and NWCI once they were articulated to government?</p> <p>In order to answer this question, this study merged the theoretics of historical institutionalism with feminist political economy into a theoretical framework I have termed feminist-institutionalism. This framework was applied to argue that policy institutions (as mediators and containers ofgendered social relations) redefine feminist policy goals articulated by women's groups to government into gendered policy outcomes that often undermine the original intent of those goals. I have called this process of redefinition policy transformation. By employing a framework of analysis three spheres of policy transformation -this study comparatively maps out the processes, institutions and factors within the macro-political policy context which contributed to an overall lack of success on the part of NAC and NWCI in the realization of their child care and unemployment insurance policy goals. One of the conclusions of this study is that NAC and NWCI were equally unsuccessful even given stark differences between macro-political institutional structures and interest representation systems in Canada and Ireland.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka socialsekreterares uppfattning av barns delaktighet i socialtjänstens barnavårdsutredningar som använder sig av metoden Signs of Safety. Syftet med studien har även varit att undersöka socialsekreterares reflektioner, möjligheter, svårigheter och funderingar i arbetet med barns delaktighet. Studien har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ metod där sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare genomfördes för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Den insamlade empirin har tolkats och analyserats med hjälp av Johanssons teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater och Shiers delaktighetsmodell. Av resultatet framgår det att socialsekreterarna som intervjuades betonar vikten av att arbeta på ett sätt som främjar barns delaktighet och att det är en av de viktigaste arbetsuppgifter som socialsekreterarna har. Det framkommer att socialsekreterarna använder metoder och verktyg som förutsätter att barn blir delaktiga oberoende av vilka personliga egenskaper som barnet har. Resultatet visar även att det finns många svårigheter i barnavårdsutredningar. Dessa svårigheter har bland annat att göra med föräldrar och barns inställning till utredningen, oklara riktlinjer, arbetsbelastning och tidsbrist. Slutsatsen som togs, med hjälp av Johanssons teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater och Shiers delaktighetsmodell, är att barn inte alltid fullt är delaktiga i barnavårdsutredningar då de inte tilldelas någon konkret makt i beslutsfattande processer. En annan slutsats är att Signs of Safety har bidragit med ett nytt tankesätt kring vad barns delaktighet innebär och strukturerat upp konkreta verktyg för att möjliggöra barns delaktighet. Implementeringen av Signs of Safety i respektive kommun har trots detta inte haft något större inflytande i arbetssättet för barns delaktighet. / The purpose of this qualitative study has been to investigate social workers' perception of children's participation in social services' child care investigations that use Signs of Safety. The purpose of this study has also been to explore social workers' reflections, opportunities, difficulties and considerations in the work with children's participation. The study has been based on a qualitative method where six semi-structured interviews with social workers were conducted to answer the study's questions. The collected empirical data has been interpreted and analyzed with the help of Johansson's theory of street-level bureaucracy and Shier's participation model. The results of this study show that the social service workers who were interviewed emphasize the importance of working in a way that promotes children's participation and that this is one of the most important tasks that the social service workers have. It appears that the social service workers use methods and tools that presuppose that children become involved, regardless of what personal characteristics the child has. The results also show that there are many difficulties in child care investigations. These difficulties have to do with parents' and children's attitudes to the investigation, unclear guidelines, workload and lack of time. The conclusion drawn, using Johansson's theory of street-level bureaucracy and Shier's participation model, is that children are not always fully involved in child care investigations as they are not assigned any concrete authority in decision-making processes. Another conclusion is that Signs of Safety has contributed a new way of thinking about what children's participation means and structured concrete tools to enable children's participation. The implementation of Signs of Safety in each county has, despite this, not had any major influence on the way social workers work with children's participation.

Social Work / D.Phil. (Social Work)

Social Work / D.Phil. (Social Work)

The aim of this thesis is to gather data within the harmonization proces between work and family life at addressed families where is the woman´s role either an employee or businesswoman. The theoretical part deals with aspects which help women with easier harmonization between two lifes areas - work and family. Specifically, this part deals with various forms of child care and types of financial support provided by the state. The thesis also solves the forms of flexible working hours, with emphasis on their current use across the European Union countries. The practical part is focused on mapping strategies in addressed families with a woman who is in labour-law relation and families with a businesswoman. For these purposes were chosen families (men and women) with which we were making inteviews and questionnaires focused on the time allocated to various tasks in one day.