Orientador: Sylvia Monica Allende Serra / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T11:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_EusebioLoboda_D.pdf: 4244574 bytes, checksum: 69a16f48d417156a1e41938a6588aa7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho: "Método de Ensino Integral da Dança. Um Estudo do Desenvolvimento dos Exercícios Técnicos Centrado no Aluno" é criar instrumentos que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de uma habilidade motora específica para o dançarino, a partir do potencial de cada indivíduo, sem que este desenvolvimento esteja desvinculado da sua pessoa. Adotamos os conceitos de: a) Tendência Atualizante definido por ROGERS, b) de Ser Integral da filosofia oriental, principalmente exposto por HUANG, LIANG, LIU, BIN, etc., c) de Unidade Psicofísica definido por todos os autores pesquisados neste estudo, os quais coincidem no respeito à individualidade do sujeito e na a sua capacidade de auto-compreensão e auto-desenvolvimento. A idéia de tendência ao crescimento enunciada por ROGERS (1969, 1974, 1977) (Tendência Atualizante) abre-nos novos horizontes na compreensão do processo de ensino/aprendizagem em Exercícios Técnicos de Dança. Isto é dizer que o professor de dança busca alcançar a liberação desta potencialidade no processo educativo da dança. Aplicamos alguns aspectos básicos destas abordagens num inter-jogo teórico prático visando a elaboração de um novo método que permita ao aluno de dança desenvolver seu repertório expressivo de forma global. Acreditamos que o processo de desenvolvimento do dançarino que parta da premissa da Tendência Atualizante permite o desenvolvimento de uma habilidade motora, sem por isto excluir as técnicas tradicionais e sem que esta habilidade fique separada da sua globalidade. ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The objective of this work: "An Integral Teaching Method of Dance. A study of the Development of Technical Exercise in the Student Centered Approach, has the purpose of creating instruments to enable the dancer to develop a specific motor skill. In order to achieve this goal, we start from each individuals potential value, without separating its development from the person as a whole. We adapted the concepts of: a) Actualizing Tendency defined by ROGERS (1977); b) the idea of Integral Being of the oriental philosophy, mainly expressed by HUANG (1973), among others (LIANG, 1977; LIU, 1974, 1986; EDDE, 1986; BN, 1982; CATHERINE, 1981); c) the Psychophysical harmony defined by each author surveyed in this study, which coincide with the caring and respect to the person's individuality, as well as to his capacity for self-understanding and self-development. The idea of Actualizing Tendency conceptualized by ROGERS (1969, 1974, 1977) spread out the scope of the understanding of the teaching/learning processes in Technical Dance Exercises. We applied some basic aspects of these approaches in a theoretical-pratical interplay, aiming to elaborate a new method of developing the dance student's expressive repertory in a global manner. This is to say that the dance teacher seeks to release the student's potentiality within the dance educational process. ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Doutorado / Doutor em Artes

一、字數：約六萬字。 二、章節：計分五章十六節。 三、綱要： 第一章：緒論。概言寫作意旨及方向。 第二章：背景說明。 第一節：船山性格描述。由後人記載及船山著作山看船山的性格。 第二節：政治風氣。概述明代政風。 第三節：學術風氣。概述明代學風。 第四節：社經狀況。概述明代社會與經濟性情形。 第五節：哲學背景：人心論。介紹船山的人性觀。 第三章：船山論君子與小人。 第一節：君子勢長。討論三種君子對待小人的方式。 第二節：小人勢長。討論三種君子處時的方式。 第三節：兩種君子與小人互動方式的研究。討論陰陽的對待關係及意義。 第四節：船山的終極關懷。討論船山對政治秩序的觀點。 第五節：名詞析義。探討船山的君子小人觀的始義。 第六節：結語。 第四章：船山論君臣民。 第一節：船山論君。探討船山對君權源始、轉移及運做的觀點。 第二節：船山論臣。探討船山的仕與隱的觀點。 第三節：船山論民。探討船山對人民的政治能力的觀點。 第五章：結論。 第一節：船山之人物品評的檢討。對船山的人物觀給予適當定位並據以解釋船山之隱 遁及其價值觀。 第二節：孔子之人物觀的檢討。從外王社會的期盼與個性發展的觀點進行討論。

À notre époque où le matérialisme est plus que présent et où l’enseignement supérieur s’obstine à s’orienter vers les besoins économiques et la compétition mondiale, le bien-être des étudiants reste un terrain négligé. En France, nous constatons une diminution des capacités de gestion du stress et la détérioration du bien-être chez les étudiants. Le Tai Ji Quan (Tai Chi Chuan), art martial basé sur la pensée du Tao, connu comme une pratique associant le corps et l’esprit, peut-il être introduit dans les curricula universitaires afin d’apporter l’aide dont ont besoin les étudiants pour gérer leur stress et parvenir au bien-être ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons exploité les sources de la théorie du Tai Ji Quan et sa contribution à l’éducation ; étudié les fondements de cette pratique et analysé les avantages et les inconvénients de formations similaires existant en Chine, afin de réfléchir à l’intégration d’un curriculum de Tai Ji Quan dans le système universitaire français. A partir d’une réalité clinique de terrain, des stages de Tai Ji Quan style Chen de 18 heures ont été organisés, sur une durée de huit semaines, en 2012 et en 2013. Une étude pilote quasi expérimentale et une étude qualitative à l’aide d’entretiens semi directifs a été menée. La première de ces études monte des effets bénéfiques du Tai Ji Quan sur la réduction du stress et l’augmentation du bien-être des étudiants. De plus, les scores attribués au stage à la question finale ont montré une forte motivation des étudiants. Les résultats des entretiens, complétés par les témoignages écrits du groupe expérimental de la première recherche, montrent les bienfaits physiologiques et mentaux acquis lors de la formation. Des bénéfices ont été constatés qui se prolongent dans la vie quotidienne des étudiants. Ces données qualitatives ont permis d’identifier les points sur lesquels le curriculum du Tai Ji Quan pouvait satisfaire les besoins des étudiants et d’évaluer son programme : contenu et durée, supports matériels, situation de travail chez soi, désir de persévérer, difficultés rencontrées pendant la pratique du Tai Ji Quan et remédiations, qualification des enseignants, ainsi que les valeurs de ce curriculum apportées aux apprentis, sur le plan éducatif et sociétal. / In a world driven by globalisation and materialism, higher education struggles with preparing students to excel in competition by offering extensive intellectural training, while how to nurture the well-being of students is still underexplored. In France, associted with the decrease of skills in stress management, French students’ well-being has been deteriorated year by year. Tai Ji Quan (Tai Chi Chuan), the martial art that is based on Taoism philosophy and traditional Chinese medicine and kown as a typical body-mind practice, has been proven to be effective in improving physical and mental health. How could Tai Ji Quan be integrated into university curricula to improve students’ well being ? To answer this question, we reviewed the theoretical roots of Tai Ji Quan and its contribution to education, we also examed its essential principles and analyzed the avantages and disadvantages of Tai Ji curriculum compared with other trainings courses in China. In order to explore means to integrate teaching Tai Ji Quan into French university system, we organized an 18-hour Chen style Tai Ji Quan training courses during an eight-week period at the University of Limoges (France) in 2012 and in 2013. We adopted a quasi-experimental pilot study and semi-structured interviews to collect data. Results show a strong motivation of students to engage in this practice, and show that our participants benefit physically and mentally from this training. They also reported that how this practice benefit them greatly in their daily lives. This study allows us to analyze at what extend that the Tai Ji Quan ‘s curriculum can satisfy the need of students ; discuss the design of curriculum programme. They also sheds lights how this curriculum can benefit students, the educational terms and the society overall.

Darbo objektas: nuolatinio (> 3 mėn.) apatinės nugaros dalies skausmo, negalios dėl jo, judamojo atraminio aparato funkcinių ir pusiausvyros rodiklių pokytis po 8 savaičių Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių įtakos. Tyrimo problema: ar Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa gali įtakoti rodiklius susijusius su nuolatiniu apatinės nugaros dalies skausmu? Hipotezė: Čen stiliaus 8 savaičių trukmės Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa turi teigiamą įtaką, skausmo bei su juo susijusios negalios, judamojo atraminio aparato funkciniams bei pusiausvyros rodikliams esant apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui. Tikslas: nustatyti, kokią įtaką turi 8 savaičių trukmės Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa esant nuolatiniam apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui. Uždaviniai: 1. nustatyti skausmo ir negalios dėl jo rodiklius bei įvertinti jų kaitą; 2. nustatyti judamojo atraminio aparato funkcinius rodiklius bei įvertinti jų kaitą; 3. nustatyti pusiausvyros rodiklius ir įvertinti jų kaitą. Tiriamieji: 10 tiriamųjų (8 moterys ir 2 vyrai, 42,8 ± 11,6 metų amžiaus, 168,1 ± 4,6 cm ūgio, 66,3 ± 13,0 kg svorio, nuolatinio apatinės nugaros dalies skausmo trukmė – 8,6 ± 7,7 metai). Išvados: 8 savaičių trukmės Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa, esant nuolatiniam apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui yra efektyvi mažinant skausmą bei negalią dėl jo, tačiau neturi reikšmingos įtakos judamojo atraminio aparato funkciniams rodikliams (išskyrus padidėjusį lankstumą į šonus, bei kairės kojos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Subject of study: impact of 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program on chronic (> 3 month) low back pain, disability, functional musculoskeletal system and balance indicators. Problem of study: can Chen style Taijiquan training program influence indicators, which are related with chronic low back pain? Hypothesis: 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program has positive influence on pain, disability, functional and balance indicators for people, who have chronic low back pain. The aim: to assess, what impact has 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program on chronic low back pain, disability, functional and balance indicators. Objectives: 1. to assess indicators of pain and disability and evaluate alternation; 2. to assess functional indicators of body and evaluate alternation; 3. to assess indicators of balance and evaluate alternation. Participants: 10 participants (8 woman and 2 man, 42,8 ± 11,6 year old, height - 168,1 ± 4,6 cm, weight - 66,3 ± 13,0 kg, duration of chronic low back pain - 8,6 ± 7,7 years). Conclusions: 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program has positive influence on reducing pain and disability, but does not have influence on functional indicators of body (except increase range of side flexibility and length of left leg posterior muscles). Balance indicators (length of swinging trajectory and average swinging speed) also were not influenced.

Musculoskeletal disorders are common among musicians at all levels of performance. Since music teachers train our future musicians it is important to understand their work environment. By creating good examples of a healthy work environment, they can teach their students how to stay healthy and to prevent pain. The aim of this thesis was to study the work environment of music teachers at municipal music schools, with regard to physical and psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders with the focus on neck and shoulder disorders. An additional aim was to investigate the variability of the playing technique in string players and to investigate if they could play with greater variation in the trapezius muscle activity pattern after a training intervention program. In a cross-sectional study at 23 municipal music schools, 171 out of the 208 (82%) music teachers reported that they had experienced work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) during the previous year. Women reported significantly more symptoms in the neck, the shoulders and the upper back compared to men. Both physical and psychosocial work factors were associated with neck and shoulder disorders. For women “high mental work demands” and “teaching at many schools” could be seen as risk factors and for men “lifting”, “playing the guitar” and “low social support at work” were risk factors. The occurrence of WMSDs was also investigated, over an eight-year period, in music teachers at one music school. The result showed that neck, shoulder and lower back disorders were common and tended to be of long duration and to increase over the years. In an interview study, nine music teachers focused on what they perceived to be important for their health and well-being. Replenishing and using up energy was found to be the core category. Creativity in the music and working with other musicians were perceived as sources of energy, while the goals of the organisation were experienced as stressful and used up energy. Whether the work was regarded as pedagogical or musical could affect the perception of health and the strategies for dealing with the strains of work. In two studies using electromyography, the variation in the trapezius muscle activity pattern in string musicians was investigated. The results suggested that each musician could repeat their muscular activity pattern in a similar way between two playing sessions. No difference was found in the trapezius muscle activity between five violinists who trained basic Body Awareness Therapy (BAT), a technique having its roots in Tai Chi Chuan tradition, compared to a reference group of nine violinists who did not take part in any training. However, the training group perceived positive changes in breathing, muscular tension, postural control and concentration during practice sessions. Neck and shoulder disorders were associated with physical and psychosocial factors at work. A process of replenishing and using up energy was important for music teachers’ health. The playing technique in string musicians seemed to be repeatable but difficult to affect over a short-term period. For future musicians it is crucial to learn good working technique at an early age. In the learning process the music teacher is a vital role model. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2003, Härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

La présente contribution à l'histoire de la réception des traditions d'arts martiaux chinois en Occident analyse la littérature populaire sur les arts martiaux chinois publiée en anglais et en français entre 1960 et 2006. Elle étudie entre autres comment les pratiquants occidentaux d'arts martiaux reçoivent une tradition étrangère, comment ils incorporent celle-ci à la culture occidentale, et comment ils donnent par là un sens à leur pratique. S'inspirant des théories de la réception dans le domaine de la littérature, cette recherche propose une approche de la réception d'une tradition culturelle dans le but de déterminer la signification de la pratique des arts martiaux chinois en Occident. Pour comprendre cette réception, où cette superposition de deux horizons culturels, il a fallu procéder à une analyse du contenu de près de trente livres portant sur le taiji quan (pour lire ces caractères chinois allez consulter le résumé en cliquant sur le lien URL en zone 856), l'art martial chinois actuellement le plus pratiqué sur la planète. L'analyse montre que les adeptes d'arts martiaux se construisent des stratégies discursives spécifiques pour interpréter et légitimer la pratique de leur art. Ce travail a permis de repérer dans ces livres cinq stratégies différentes utilisées par les adeptes pour convaincre que le taiji quan est d'abord un art à caractère spirituel répondant ainsi à des attentes typiquement occidentales. L'identification de ces stratégies permet de mieux comprendre les mécanismes herméneutiques qui se mettent en place à l'intérieur d'une communauté de pratiquants d'arts martiaux. Ces stratégies sont : (1) le recours aux récits mythiques et à l'histoire dans la construction de la tradition; (2) le recours à certains discours religieux et philosophiques comme fondement spirituel de la construction des systèmes d'arts martiaux chinois; (3) l'appel à la science occidentale comme explication ± rationnelle ¿ des arts martiaux chinois; (4) l'utilisation des arts martiaux chinois comme argument dans un discours contre-culturel; et (5) le recours à un discours holistique comme argument spirituel dans la pratique du taiji quan.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Government and Public Administration

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Assis Teixeira.pdf: 22670572 bytes, checksum: acd4b06d1b8c8d8e0a17ac183e1cfcea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-23 / This work sought to investigate the practice of Tai Chi Chuan among elderly people, based on their participation in open groups of health programs organized the municipality of Santo André, State of São Paulo, Brazil. In my experience as a teacher of Chinese martial arts, especially the Tai Chi Chuan, I noticed that in spite of being a Chinese millennial art, which encourages mental concentration and control of body movements, it performs a preventive action, reducing the effects of degenerative diseases and providing psychological welfare. Aging is, doubtless, a process of discoveries and transformations experienced in an orderly rhythm of facts. Physical activity can benefit people of all ages; it is especially important to elderly people health. The practice of Tai Chi Chuan develops physical and mental capacity so that the individual can have a long and healthy life. Thus, I attempted to transform a real situation that is close to me into an object of investigation and analysis. As a survey instrument of the quality-of-life profile, the SF36® Form was used (The Medical Outcomes Study: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey), translated and validated in Brazil by CICONELLI. This study did not intend to exhaust the subject of Tai Chi Chuan or the therapeutic techniques used during aging process but provide a new complementary view for health professionals. Thai Chi Chuan is a set of Chinese disciplinary exercises that seek harmony of body, mind and spirit / Este trabalho buscou investigar a prática de Tai Chi Chuan entre idosos, a partir da participação em grupos abertos, em programas de saúde realizados pela Prefeitura no município de Santo André SP. Em minha experiência como professor das artes corporais chinesas, em especial o Tai Chi Chuan, observei que apesar de ser uma arte marcial chinesa milenar, que encoraja a concentração mental e o controle dos movimentos corporais, a mesma atua como forma preventiva, minimizando os efeitos das doenças degenerativas e propiciando bem estar psicológico. O envelhecimento é, sem dúvida, um processo de descobertas e transformações vividas em um ritmo ordenado de acontecimentos. A atividade física é capaz de beneficiar pessoas de todos os grupos etários; ela é especialmente importante para a saúde dos idosos. A prática do Tai Chi Chuan desenvolve a capacidade física e mental do indivíduo, para que tenha uma vida longa e com saúde. Desta forma, procurei transformar uma realidade que me é próxima em objeto de investigação e análise. Como instrumento para avaliação do perfil da Qualidade de Vida, foi utilizado o Questionário SF36® (The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey), traduzido e validado no Brasil por CICONELLI. O presente estudo não visou esgotar o assunto Tai Chi Chuan ou as técnicas terapêuticas, utilizadas durante o processo de envelhecimento, mas proporcionar uma nova visão complementar para os profissionais da área da saúde. O Tai Chi Chuan é um conjunto de exercícios disciplinares chineses, que visam a harmonia do corpo, da mente e do espírito

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities / Department of Chinese

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Government and Public Administration