CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Trata-se de uma investigaÃÃo avaliativa sobre a construÃÃo social da formaÃÃo profissional na Ãrea de Engenharia nos Cursos de GraduaÃÃo em Engenharia Civil e Engenharia MetalÃrgica, vinculados ao Centro de Tecnologia (CT) da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC), que teve como objetivo central compreender como ocorre esta construÃÃo social; foi uma investigaÃÃo predominantemente qualitativa, utilizando como estratÃgia de pesquisa, o estudo de casos mÃltiplos; como tÃcnicas de coleta de dados foram utilizadas, a anÃlise documental, as entrevistas, e o levantamento estruturado; os sujeitos respondentes foram os gestores do CT/UFC, coordenadores, professores, alunos dos cursos investigados e representantes de entidades de classe da Ãrea de Engenharia; como tÃcnica de anÃlise dos dados, foi utilizada a Analise de ConteÃdo, na perspectiva de Franco (2008). Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a racionalidade predominante na organizaÃÃo da formaÃÃo profissional dos cursos investigados, à a tÃcnico-instrumental, com indicativos de uma racionalidade crÃtica, manifesta no discurso dos sujeitos da investigaÃÃo, que expressaram que, à dimensÃo tÃcnico-instrumental da formaÃÃo profissional do engenheiro, deve-se associar as dimensÃes humanas e socioambientais, o que possibilitaria a formaÃÃo de um Engenheiro CidadÃo, elemento central da tese orientadora deste estudo, comprovada pelos dados coletados na investigaÃÃo. à um estudo relevante para a Ãrea da EducaÃÃo em Engenharia e, para a Ãrea de AvaliaÃÃo Curricular, que possibilitou a proposiÃÃo de elementos para a organizaÃÃo de uma sistemÃtica de avaliaÃÃo para currÃculos nas engenharias. / It is an evaluative research on the social construction of vocational training in Engineering Courses in Undergraduate Civil Engineering and Metallurgical Engineering, affiliated to the Technology Center (TC) of the Federal University of Cearà (UFC), which aimed to central to understand how this occurs social constitution, it was a predominantly qualitative research, using as a research strategy, the multiple case study, how data collection techniques were used, document analysis, interviews, and structured survey, respondents were subjects managers of the CT / UFC, engineers, teachers, students and representatives of the investigated courses of professional associations in the field of engineering, and technical data analysis, we used the Content analysis, in view of Franco (2008). The survey results revealed that rationality prevails in the curricula of schools surveyed, is the technical-instrumental, signs of a critical rationality, manifested in the discourse of the subjects, who expressed that, in the technical-instrumental training the engineer, should be combined with the human, social and environmental dimensions, which would allow the formation of a Senior Citizen, the central thesis guiding this study, as evidenced by data collected in the investigation. The study is relevant to the area of Engineering Education, and to the area of Curriculum Evaluation, which allowed us to propose elements for the organization of an evaluation system for the engineering curricula.

This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of private actors work with stakeholder dialogue in Sweden by identifying important factors that affect how an architectural firm manages participation in early stages of urban planning. The study consists of a literature study of previous research on dialogue and participation as well as a case study consisting of interviews with architects at the architectural firm and direct observations during a dialogue process carried out by the architectural firm on behalf of a property developer. A significant factor appears to be that there are no democratic principles governing how they work with participation, it is their clients. The architects say they want to involve citizens in their design process and that they have their client's support in this. In practice, however, they involve citizens and other stakeholders to a very small extent, and when they do, there is lack of representation and the way the dialogue activities are conducted also affect what information and what perspectives that appear. It appears to be more important for the architects to hold dialogue with officials at the municipality's planning department to influence the municipality's planning process, than to work for increased participation.

There exists a debate regarding where to build new housing in increasingly denser cities today. Often it is the green spaces that must be sacrificed which lead to conflicts among decision makers and citizens. Although, some sources claim (Byrne et al., 2010; Van Herzele & Wiedemann, 2003) that it is not only the fact that there is a green area close to you that matters; but rather which values that piece of green land offers you as a citizen. Values of parks can be described as the features or attributes the park area possess that inspire people to go to and stay there. In Stockholm, Sweden these values are connected to sociotopes, a delimited area containing a set of user values with social meaning (Ståhle, 2006). User values thus describes an activity or an experience that is present at a location.  There exists a lack of and a desire for more detailed mapping of user values of green areas as well as a potential need for finding an efficient method for aiding in citizen dialogue when green areas are planned for urban development. The purpose of this thesis is thus to try to incorporate geographical information science (GIS) in urban planning by investigating if it is possible to measure the physical accessibility of user values of a green area before and after its urban development in lines with the recommendations on accessibility from the municipality. Then, try to create a visual tool to be used in the designing phase of urban planning and in citizen dialogue when developing a new urban area. To do this, a case study was done of Årstafältet, a green area in Stockholm that is planned for urban development and improvement of existing and creation of new user values. By using GIS, the user values were defined spatially, and geographical data based on the study area currently as well as after the development where found or created based on descriptions of the new area in planning documents. Accessibility was defined as the physical distance a resident must walk from their home to the closest access point of a user value. Based on previous research, 1000m was deemed the largest distance a resident can walk to be considered a potential user of a user value. An access analysis was made for all residents within the study area to the closest access point of every user value.  The results of the analysis were visualized in two ways, one regarding urban design and another regarding citizen dialogue in the form of bivariate maps and a GIS web application. Apart from the visual maps, some numerical results regarding distance, distance change and number of accessed user values were calculated.   The maps point out the areas that are mostly affected both in the negative and positive sense.  More research needs to be done to decide the best way of deriving and using the numerical measures. Because of the many assumptions and generalizations made in the study it is difficult to make any overall conclusions about the accessibility of user values at Årstafältet. What is more interesting is the reception by people in the field of GIS and urban planning; which was in general positive. They noted upon the important aspect of concretize the design phase of the urban planning process, which often is based on feeling, and create a solid ground to base more informed decisions upon. The visualization methods presented were well received as tools for enabling more people access into the planning process as well as an easy way of exploring geographical data. Also, the possibility to extend this type of access analysis beyond sociotopic user values was deemed as very useful. Lastly, they expressed that this type of analysis is desired by the workers in the field and highly relevant in today’s urban planning process.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur dialogprocessen är utformad i svenska kommuners översiktliga planprocess utifrån flera dimensioner av delaktighet och inflytande. Medborgardialoger kan användas för att stärka den demokratiska processen och öka effektiviteten genom legitimitet i kommunal planprocess. Den representativa demokratin stärks bara om medborgardeltagandet ökar i alla samhällsgrupper vilket fördelar makten och inflytandet jämt. Brister kring deltagande kan vara svårt att synliggöra och även lösa vilket försvårar deltagandeprocessen. Översiktlig planprocess innefattar kommunala översiktsplaner som är viktiga i hållbarhetsarbetet ur miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska aspekter. Ett riktat urval för översiktsplaner som vunnit laga kraft 2021 resulterade i 14 kommuner. Urvalet bestod även av Sveriges kommuner och regioner (SKR) som stödjer svenska kommuner i dialogarbetet. Från urvalet deltog fem kommuner och SKR i studien. Studien utgår från ett teoretiskt ramverk som består av tre modeller av analysverktyg vilket är demokratikuben, delaktighetstrappan och delaktighetsstegen som alla synliggör dialogprocessen utifrån delaktighet och inflytande i den översiktliga planprocessen. Kriterierna för att uppfylla modellernas olika delar sammanställdes i analysmallar och undersöktes med en dokumentstudie och intervjuer. Hur dialogprocesserna genomförts i de olika kommunerna analyserades utifrån kriterierna i analysmallarna. Resultatet visar att kommunernas dialogprocess skiljde åt gällande deltagande, rekrytering, kommunikation och grad av inflytande. Studien visar även att synpunkter och utvärderingsprocesser kan påverka dialogprocessernas utformning. Demokratikuben bidrog till att synliggöra flera dimensioner som påverkar delaktighet och inflytande än enbart inflytandegraden som delaktighetstrappan och delaktighetsstegen synliggör, vilket är kommunikationsformer och rekryteringsformer. Att använda olika analysverktyg var användbart i studien eftersom flera dimensioner av dialogprocessen kunde synliggöras, analyseras och jämföras. Studien visar även att barn och unga inte har haft någon direkt påverkan på planprocessen även fast de deltagit på samma villkor som vuxna. Dialogprocessernas utvecklingsarbete kan enligt studien förbättras gällande strukturen för utvärderingar för att medborgardialogerna ska anses vara legitima. Detta för att påverka deltagandet och medborgarnas förtroende i dialogprocessen kopplat till i den översiktliga planprocessen. / The purpose of the study is to investigate how the dialogue process is designed in Swedish municipalities comprehensive planning process based on several dimensions of participation and influence. Citizen dialogues can be used to strengthen the democratic process and increase efficiency through legitimacy in the municipal planning process. Representative democracy will only be strengthened if citizen participation increases in all social groups, which distributes power and influence equally. Flaws regarding participation can be difficult to make visible and even solve, which complicates the participation process. The overview planning process includes municipal comprehensive plans that are important in sustainability work from environmental, social and economic aspects. A sample selection for comprehensive plans that gained legal force in 2021 resulted in 14 municipalities. The selection also consisted of the Sveriges kommuner och regioner (SKR), which supports Swedish municipalities in the dialogue work. From the sample, five municipalities and SKR participated in the study. The study is based on a theoretical framework consisting of three models of analytical tools, which are demokratikuben, delaktighetstegenand delaktighetstrappan, all of which make the dialogue process visible based on participation and influence in the comprehensive planning process. The criterions for meeting the different parts of the models were compiled in analysis templates and examined with a document study and interviews. How the dialogue processes were implemented in the different municipalities was analyzed based on the criterions in the analysis templates. The results show that the municipalities dialogue process differed in terms of participation, recruitment, communication, and degree of influence. The study also shows that views and evaluation processes can influence the design of dialogue processes. Demokratikuben contributed to making visible several dimensions that affect participation and influence than just the degree of influence that the participation ladder and participation ladder make visible, which are forms of communication and recruitment forms. Using different analysis tools was useful in the study because several dimensions of the dialogue process could be made visible, analyzed and compared. The study also shows that children and young people have had no direct impact on the planning process even though they participated on the same terms as adults. According to the study, the development work of dialogue processes can be improved in terms of the structure of evaluations for citizens' dialogues to be considered legitimate. This is to affect participation and citizens' trust in the dialogue process linked to the overall planning process.

Denna uppsats handlar om människors inflytande i kommunal planeringoch hur detta har påverkats av covid-19 pandemin. Frågan är viktig ur ett större perspektiv då förutsättningarna för ett socialt hållbart samhälle bygger på jämställdhet, jämlikhet och delaktighet i samhällets utveckling, vilket kan påverkas av pandemins restriktioner. Genom att kartlägga hur planeringsförvaltning på tre olika stora kommuner har förändrat sitt arbete med medborgardialoger under pandemin vill man förstå hur förändringarna har påverkat kommunikationen mellan planeringsförvaltning och medborgare. Insamling av empiri har skett via kvalitativa intervjuer där informanterna arbeter i direkt anknytning till planeringsprocesser på förvaltning och besitter kunskap och erfarenhet inom uppsatsens ämne. Resultatet av uppsatsen visar att samtliga planeringsförvaltningar har ställt om till ett helt digitalt arbeter i kommunikationen med medborgarna, detta har både positiva och negativa konsekvenser. Digitalt skapas mer flexibla och tidseffektiva möten, det öppnar upp för ett ökat deltagande framförallt hos yngre, samtidigt som det också skapar begränsningar för äldre och de som inte talar språket, det är också svårare att få in synpunkter från medborgarna över digitala möten. Fullständig digitalisering av dialogen med medborgarna tenderar till en ökad risk för envägskommunikation samt att vissa grupper exkluderas från deltagandet. / This essay is about people´s influence in municipal planning and how this has been affected by covid-19 pandemic. The issue is important from a larger prespective as the conditions for a socially sustainable society, builds on equality and participation in development of society, which can be affected by the restrictions of a pandemic. By analyzing how planning administration in three diffrent large municipalities has changed its work with citizen dialogues during the pandemic, they want to understand how the changes have affected the communication between planning administration and citizens. Empirical data collection has been done by qualitative inrerviews. Interviewees all works as civil servants with knowledge and experience in the field of municipal development and processes connected to it. Analysis in this essay indicates that all interviewed administrations have adapted digital platforms for communicating with citizens, resulting in both positive and negative factors. Digital platforms create flexible and efficient meetings, which opens up for increased participation, especially among younger people. At the same time as it also creates restrictions for the elderly and those who do not speak the language. It is also more difficult to get views from citizens during digital meetings, which can affect representativeness. Compared to physical meetings digital meetings generate less citizen input. Complete digitalization of the citizen dialogue tends to increase the risk of one-way communication and to exclude certain groups from participation.

Uppsatsen undersöker hur makt kan förskjutas till medborgarna och ge verkligt inflytande. Forskning visar att makt finns inom planeringsprocessen och det behövs tas i beaktande för att skapa verkligt inflytande. För att undersöka detta fenomen studeras projektet Sigtuna stadsängar, ett stadsutvecklingsprojekt som genomförts med rådslag innan utförandet av detaljplan. Studien ämnar att genom intervjuer undersöka hur dialogerna var utformade och genomförda utifrån tre perspektiv: medborgare, kommun och exploatören. Intervjun användes för att jämföra svar och se hur de olika aktörerna upplevt dialogen och projektet. Vidare syftar studien med hjälp av dokumentanalys att undersöka huruvida medborgardialogen innebar ett faktiskt inflytande. Resultatet visar att det fanns en stor vilja att låta medborgarna vara delaktiga i processen där medborgarna har haft inflytande i flera steg på olika nivåer och tagit det slutgiltiga beslutet om projektet ska genomföras eller inte. I projektets slutgiltiga tekniska detaljer fanns makten hos exploatören och kommunen. / The essay examines how power can be shifted to citizens and provide real influence. Research shows that power exists within the planning process and it needs to be taken into account to create real influence. In order to investigate this phenomenon, the project Sigtuna stadsängar is studied, an urban development project that was carried out in consultation before the implementation of the detailed plan. The study aims to examine through interviews how the dialogues were designed and carried out from three perspectives: citizens, the municipality and the developer. The interview was used to compare answers and see how the different actors experienced the dialogue and the project. Furthermore, with the help of document analysis, the study aims to investigate whether the citizen dialogue meant an actual influence. The result shows that there was a great desire to let the citizens be involved in the process where the citizens have had influence in several steps at different levels and made the final decision whether the project should be implemented or not. In the final technical details of the project, the power was with the developer and the municipality.

This research explores the cultural sustainability in the urban development project called Embassy of Sharing in Malmö Hyllie; a future building complex with keywords of sustainability and sharing economy. The research’s focus was on the Department of Culture which has invested in the space to open a new public library, expand its centre for freedom of speech and create meeting spaces for youth. This research investigates the project group’s work towards planning their future operation and how their ideas relate to cultural sustainable development.  The result demonstrates that the Department of Culture does not generally work towards cultural sustainability but allows culture to be subsumed by social sustainability, using culture as a method to fulfil social work. Most informants emphasised citizen dialogue and participation, which are notions of social sustainability that come from internal work with social sustainable development. This result of direction was not surprising based on culture’s role in cultural policies and mainstream political research. However, the Department of Culture’s intended activities in their space at the Embassy of Sharing does not exclude the potential to achieve cultural sustainability. Concepts of place-shifting and participatory planning can be used to highlight how the Department of Culture’s methods can be re-evaluated towards being more inclusive, such as including citizens in earlier phases in the planning process, as well as re-grounding Hyllie from being only commercialised to a place with cultural access. The concept of spaces of possibility invites an entirely new creative framework for how the Department of Culture can establish its work more related to the cultural discourse, rather than doing social work.  Since the project is only in its planning phase there are no finished results to investigate. Instead, this study investigates the formation of cultural values in its movements. Thinking in terms of cultural sustainable development in the planning process of a project may strengthen the chances of achieving something valuable from the start. Further research will have to explore the use of the Department of Culture’s future operation and what role culture will play in the finalised building complex of the Embassy of Sharing.

Sammanfattning  Denna uppsats behandlar förhållandet mellan medborgardialog och offentlig konst utifrån en statligt ägd satsning vid namn Äga rum: Konst händer som Statens konstråd fick i uppdrag att genomföra. Satsningen syftade till att göra civilsamhället till beställare av offentlig konst och öka den demokratiska delaktigheten. Uppsatsen bygger på en fallstudie som involverar dokumentanalys, platsbesök och intervjustudier utifrån begreppen medborgardialog, delaktighet, tillit, och narrativ.  En stor del av det offentliga rummet består utav den offentliga konsten. Det offentliga rummet är en viktig del av det samhälle vi lever i och ska vara en demokratisk plats där invånaren ges möjlighet att påverka utvecklingen av den gemensamma miljön. I Sverige har den folkliga tilliten till den representativa demokratin sjunkit, ett problem som man vill lösa genom medborgardialog. Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur konstprojektet Konst händer i miljonprogramsområdet Gamlegården, Kristianstad lyckades med att föra dialog med medborgarna. Svårigheterna med medborgardialog belyses, bland annat utifrån narrativens kraft att påverka där olika maktperspektiv och uppifrån styrda, så kallade top-down satsningar lyfts. Utifrån vår undersökning så ser vi att det krävs mer än bara en önskan om att involvera medborgare för att faktiskt involvera dem. När de involveras bör delaktigheten utgå ifrån en reell makt att påverka annars riskerar det medborgerliga engagemanget att fallera. Samtidigt är det viktigt att möjligheterna till inflytande möjliggörs för alla medborgare så att det inte är samma grupper och personer som alltid får komma till tals. / Abstract  This essay analyses the relationship between citizen dialogue and public art through a state-owned initiative called Äga rum: Konst händer which the Swedish Arts Council was commissioned to perform. The initiative aimed to make the civil society the stakeholder of public art and increase democratic participation. The thesis is based on a case study that involves document analysis, site visits and interview studies based on the concepts of citizen dialogue, participation, trust and narrative.  A large part of the public space consists of public art. The public space is an important part of the society we live in and should be a democratic place where the citizens are given the opportunity to influence the development of the common space. In Sweden, the trust in representative democracy has weakened, a problem that aims to be solved through citizen dialogue. This essay examines how the art project Konst händer in the million program area of Gamlegården, Kristianstad succeeded in conducting a dialogue with the citizens. The difficulties with citizen dialogue are highlighted, among other things based on the power of narrative to influence, different power perspectives and the so called top-down initiatives. Based on our survey, we see that it takes more than just a desire to involve citizens to actually involve them. When they are involved, participation should be based on real power to influence, otherwise the civic participation risks failing. At the same time, it is important that the opportunities for influence are made for all citizens so that it´s not the same groups and people who always get their voices heard.

Den svenska regeringen har beslutat om en strategi för IT-politiken, där målet är att Sverige ska vara bäst i världen på att använda digitaliseringens möjligheter. Dessa möjligheter kommer öppna upp för en enklare vardag för privatpersoner och företag. Flera kommuner har idag samarbeten med EU, regioner och kommuner där syftet är att digitalisera samhällsbyggnadsprocessen med hjälp av att utveckla innovativa digitala verktyg. Offentliga utredningar har påvisat brister i hur lösningarna presenteras och att det finns utvecklingspotential. I nuläget presenteras information för allmänheten i form av text och bilder, vilket ger en ofullständig bild av pågående och framtida byggprojekt. Tidigare studier inom andra områden har visat att 3D-teknik kan vara värdefullt på en bred front. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur 3D-kartor påverkar användbarheten och förståelsen hos allmänheten i medborgardialoger inom samhällsbyggnadsprocessen. Studien berörde även hur processens virtualiserbarhet påverkas. Som teoretiskt ramverk och principer som underlag för studien, användes modellen Process Virtualization Theory (PVT) och användbarhet. Inom det sistnämnda används komponenter som effektivitet, fel, minnesbarhet, lärbarhet och tillfredsställelse för att mäta användbarheten av tjänsterna. PVT-modellen kan användas för att mäta hur lämpad en process är att vara digital och huruvida IT kan möjliggöra en bättre digital process eller inte. Studien har en genomgående kvalitativ ansats som undersökte  användbarheten och hur lämpad processen är att vara digital. Användbarhetstest med kompletterande intervjuer utfördes under två separata tillfällen där det ena riktades mot en befintlig webbtjänst och den andra mot en ny webbtjänst med en 3D-karta.  Resultatet i användandet av 3D-kartan påvisade att igenkänning och ovana är två återkommande teman där tillfredsställelse uppvisas i form av nyfikenhet och intresse. I jämförelse mellan webbtjänsterna så bidrog 3D-kartan till en ökad visuell förståelse av informationen som presenterades. Å andra sidan gav informationsdokumenten en djupare förståelse. 3D-kartan påverkade den undersökta processen positivt och var framförallt användbar för den visuella förståelsen. Processen var lämpad för att vara digital där representationen var en bidragande faktor för vad IT möjliggjorde. / The Swedish government has decided on a strategy for IT policy where the goal is for Sweden to be the best in the world at utilizing the possibilities of digitalisation. These opportunities will open up for a simpler everyday life for individuals and companies. Several municipalities today have collaborations with the EU, regions and municipalities where the purpose is to digitize the community building process with the help of developing innovative digital tools. Public investigations have shown shortcomings in how the solutions are presented and that there is development potential. At present, information is presented to the public in the form of text and images, which gives an incomplete picture of ongoing and future construction projects. Previous studies in other areas have shown that 3D technology can be valuable on a broad front. The purpose of the study was to investigate how 3D maps affect the public's usefulness and understanding in citizen dialogues in the community building process. The study also touched on how the virtualisability of the process is affected. As a theoretical framework and principles as a basis for the study, the model Process Virtualization Theory (PVT) and usability were used. Within usability, components such as efficiency, error, memorability, learnability and satisfaction are used to measure the usefulness of the services. The PVT model can be used to measure how appropriate a process is to be digital and whether IT can enable a better digital process or not. The study has a consistent qualitative approach that relates to examining usability and how appropriate the process is to be digital. Usability tests with supplementary interviews were performed on two separate occasions, where one is aimed at an existing web service and the other at a new web service with a 3D map. The results in the use of the 3D map showed that recognition and unfamiliarity are two recurring themes where satisfaction is shown in the form of curiosity and interest. In comparison between the web services, the 3D map contributed to an increased visual understanding of the information presented. However, the information documents provided a deeper understanding. The 3D map proved to have a positive effect on the investigated process and was above all useful for the visual understanding. The process also proved to be suitable for being digital, where representation was a contributing factor to what IT made possible.

Denna studie handlar om hur utformningen av den fysiska miljön påverkar den sociala hållbarheten i områden med socioekonomiska svårigheter. Fokus ligger på hur kommuner, fastighetsbolag och andra berörda aktörer arbetar med frågor rörande gestaltning, boende, fysisk miljö, trygghet och säkerhet, hälsa, inflytande och delaktighet. Syftet är att samla kunskap om ämnet samt belysa innebörden av det. Målet är att ta fram riktlinjer för social hållbarhet som stöd till upprättande av en social hållbarhetsplan eller utveckling av ett område. Forskning som berör ämnet samt intervjuer med kommun, fastighetsbolag och sakkunnig har varit centrala i framtagandet av riktlinjerna. Intervjuer och tidigare forskning korrelerar med varandra och visar att den fysiska miljön har en inverkan på människans välmående. Studien ställer viktig forskning i samband med en inkluderande samarbetsprocess och ger förklaring till att involvera inblandade aktörer och befintliga invånare i utvecklingen av områdets fysiska miljö. En blandning av bebyggelse och verksamheter är viktigt. Tillsammans med en öppen och attraktiv fysisk miljö kan detta på lång sikt bidra till ökad rörelse och trygghetskänsla. Kollektivtrafiken i samband med verksamheter och bra förbindelser kan underlätta för boende att knyta sociala kontakter. / This paper illustrates how the built environment affects the social sustainability in areas with socio-economic difficulties. The focus is on how municipalities, real estate companies and other actors work on issues concerning design, housing, physical environment, security and safety, health, influence and participation. The purpose of this study is to gather knowledge about the subject and to highlight the meaning of it. The aim is to develop guidelines for the establishment of a social development plan or during the development of a region. Research that focuses on the subject as well as interviews with municipalities, real estate companies and an expert has been central to the preparation of the guidelines. Interviews and previous research correlate with each other and illustrate how the physical environment has an impact on the residents and their well-being. The study places important research in connection with an inclusive collaboration process and provides an explanation for involving concerned actors and existing residents in the development of the area's physical environment. A mix of buildings and operations is important. This together with an open and attractive physical environment, can in long terms contribute to increased movement and feelings of safety. Public transport in relation with activities and good connections can make it easier for residents to establish social contacts.