The thesis "Analysis of the Causes of Over-Indebtedness" consists of a detailed analysis of issues leading up to over-indebtedness. It also aims to point out the most serious consequences of over-indebtedness. The thesis brings attention to the relation between causes and effects which, in many cases, take the form of the opposite and vice versa. The boundary between cause and effect can often be indistinct, and it is essential to distinguish between the two in order to find a solution for an over-indebted client. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of a loss of income which may lead to over-indebtedness, draws attention to the important role of education in the area of financial literacy, and notes on the most serious consequences of over-indebtedness, which it sees in the loss of housing, homelessness, and other negative effects. The research part concentrates on a social group which belongs to one of the most threatened with social exclusion, welfare applicants. The research attempts to analyse their debt situation in relation to their age, education, housing, unemployment period, willingness to change their situation, and willingness to repay their debt.

This study focuses on women’s own description of their experienced feelings. The described feelings in relation to being subjected to violence of a man in a close relationship. The standing points when working on the study has been that the women’s emotions can interfere with the opportunity to leave the violent man. The aim of the study is therefor to examine the emotions women experienced related to domestic abuse and how the emotions affect them. Furthermore, is this study based on theoretical grounds such as Symbolic interactionism, Mirror-image perception and Sociology of emotions. Secondary data has been collected based on autobiographies of women who has experienced violence of a man in a close relationship to obtain the purpose of the study. The data have then been analyzed in a thematic analysis which resulted in two main themes positive/neutral emotions and negative emotions. The result presents how the women experienced with violence described their feelings. The feelings can be understood in relation to the previous studies and presented theories. “Symbolic interactionism” as a standing point understands the result such as the described emotions of the women occurs through interaction with the violent man. The results show that the woman's emotions are dependent on the interaction with the violent man and that these are then created through isolation from the outside world and emotional ties. The emotions prove to be crucial for women as they greatly affect their ability to leave and their well-being. / Den här uppsatsen fokuserar på beskrivningar och berättelser av upplevda känslor från kvinnor som har varit utsatta för våld av en man de haft en nära relation med. I arbetet med uppsatsen är utgångspunkten att våldsutsatta kvinnors känslor skulle kunna påverka deras upplevda möjlighet att lämna relationen. Syftet är därför att ta reda på vilka känslor kvinnorna beskriver kopplat till våldsutsattheten och hur de påverkar dem. Vidare bygger uppsatsen på en teoretisk grund utifrån symbolisk interaktionism, jaget och spegeljaget samt emotionssociologiskt perspektiv. För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen har sekundärdata samlats in från biografier av kvinnor som varit utsatta för våld i nära relation av en man. Data har sedan analyserats i form av en tematisk analys som landat i två huvudteman, positiva/neutrala känslor och negativa känslor. I resultatet presenteras det hur kvinnor beskriver sina känslor utifrån att de har erfarenhet av våld utfört av en man i en nära relation. Det går att förstå dessa känslor utifrån tidigare forskning samt de utvalda teorierna som presenteras. Resultatet visar på att kvinnans känslor är beroende av interaktionen med den våldsamma mannen och att dessa då skapas genom isolering från omvärlden och känslomässiga band. Känslorna visar sig vara avgörande för kvinnorna då de i hög grad påverkar deras möjlighet att lämna och deras välmående.

Youth obesity prevalence rates in the United States are trending down; however, for Hispanic youth, rates are increasing despite efforts toward a reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a culturally focused intervention program on weight reduction of Hispanic youth age 2 to 19 through examination of body mass index (BMI) percentile outcomes comparing age, gender, distance to program, time in program, and season of enrollment. Review of literature supports ecological and cultural approaches requiring behavior modification tailored to family and community as successful in decreasing youth obesity. However, researchers have yet to establish how various variables impact intervention outcomes making it difficult to determine what aspects of the cultural approach is effective. The epidemiology triangle and the social cognitive theory approach were used to relate to findings. Use of retrospective clinical archival participant data dating from November 7, 2008 to February 23, 2015 was analyzed through the use of various statistical applications. The analyses of this study indicated that only one age variable had significant results. The category for age 8 to12 had a significantly higher change in BMI than the other groups (p <.05) . This research has the potential to contribute to social change since it reveals that interventions tailored for the 8-12 age group may significantly improve the effectiveness of the program in reducing BMI percentile, thus decreasing obesity rates and associated disease along with morbidity and mortality. This knowledge can benefit educators, community collaborative efforts, practitioners, and other researchers.

The process of natural gas recovery by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a major scientific advance in unconventional energy development. Attention has largely been focused on its economic advantages and potential negative environmental repercussions, while less consideration given to its social dimensions. The purpose of this study was to explore the social consequences of fracking for communities in the Appalachian Basin's Marcellus shale. Research questions focused on the role of stakeholders and the resource needs of localities in shaping public policy. This study was guided by the tenets of the Boomtown theory along with key issues in fracking research such as environmental impacts, water resources, public health and safety, economics, and ethical concerns. An embedded case study research design was employed, using a purposive sample of 8 economic and policy subject matter experts from the 3 most prolific drilling counties in Pennsylvania. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using open and axial coding with cross-case comparison. Results suggested that positive economic social consequences of fracking involved sustainability in providing generational and employment stability. Negative consequences, such as traffic, damaged infrastructure, and housing shortages, were temporary and manageable. Logistical and demographic information were valuable resources for community leadership, and stakeholders favored autonomy in decision making. The implications for social change include informing policy makers how to prepare the local workforce to be adaptable, establish sufficient infrastructure to support change, and educate communities to leverage opportunity in advance of new industry.

En los últimos años la gestión de las obras ha tenido un desarrollo importante en el Perú a partir de la incorporación de prácticas jurídicas y técnicas propias del mundo anglosajón, como es el caso de los formatos contractuales internacionales (NEC y FIDIC), y tecnologías como el building information modelling. Así, con el pasar del tiempo presenciamos un acercamiento de las figuras del construction law a nuestro sistema jurídico. En ese contexto, la presente investigación analiza una de las figuras medulares del construction law: el project delivery system, con el objetivo de demostrar, en primer término, su compatibilidad con nuestro sistema jurídico, y, en segundo término, que a través de dicha figura los agentes intervinientes de la obra pueden gestionar con eficacia y eficiencia uno de los conflictos más recurrentes en la industria: los derivados de los errores y/o indefiniciones del alcance. / In recent years, the management of works has had an important development in Peru from the incorporation of legal and technical practices typical of the Anglo-Saxon world, as is the case of international contractual formats (NEC and FIDIC), and technologies such as building information modeling. Thus, with the passing of time we witness an approach of the figures of construction law to our legal system. In this context, the present research analyzes one of the core figures of construction law: the project delivery system, with the aim of demonstrating, firstly, its compatibility with our legal system, and, secondly, that through said figure the agents involved in the work can effectively and efficiently manage one of the most recurrent conflicts in the industry: those derived from errors and / or indefinite scope. / Tesis

The topic of the diploma thesis is the issue of foster care performed by the relatives of the child from the point of view of social and legal protection workers of children (OSPOD) and foster parents on the basis of the theory of line workers. The work deals with the confrontation of kinship and professional (mediated by the state) foster care, their positives and negatives, both from the perspective of OSPOD professionals who perform this activity directly and from the perspective of foster parents who are related to children and professional foster parents. The aim of the diploma thesis is to find out whether there is a different approach to kinship and professional foster care both in terms of legal grounding and in terms of the practical side of this institute. The work focuses on finding out the needs of foster parents in the performance of foster care and also the needs of workers involved in the implementation of foster care, both in terms of assessing foster care tools, entrusting the child to foster care, implementation of foster care and eventual termination of this care and their possible differences in professional and family care. At the same time, I focus on the reserves in foster care, both related and professional, but also on barriers to the performance of foster care and its...

Background Each year almost 1 in 3 (27%) of women (15-49y) worldwide experience lifetime physical and/or sexual domestic violence by their husbands/partners; that is almost 736 million women worldwide. According to the PDHS 2017-18, the prevalence of DV is 24% in Pakistan. The higher education level of the husband/partner in Pakistan might act as a protective factor against DV in women. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between the husband/partner's level of education and lifetime physical domestic violence against women. Method This quantitative cross-sectional study was based on the secondary data from Pakistan demographic health survey (PDHS) 2017-2018. The Woman's Questionnaire was used for the Data collection, and women (n = 3959) aged 30-49 in Pakistan were included. Descriptive analysis, crosstab chi-squared tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed to describe the background characteristics of the sample and evaluate the association between exposure and outcome of interest.    Results Almost 24% of the women aged 15-49 have experienced lifetime physical domestic violence by their husbands/partners. In addition, 34% of the husbands/partner had secondary education. A secondary education level lowers the odds of physical domestic violence against women (OR=0.65, CI=0.54-0.77).   Conclusion The association between the husband/partner's level of education and lifetime physical domestic violence against women was established in this study. However, improving the husband/partner’s education level might contribute to eradicating DV against women.

Studien avser undersöka slopandet av ungdomsreduktionen mellan 18 och 21 år (med ett straffvärde på minst ett års fängelse) och vilka effekter lagändringen kan komma att få för framtida brottslighet. Vidare ämnar aktuell studie att ta reda på vilka attityder till lagändringen som finns hos aktörer som arbetar med ungdomar, kriminalitet och hjärnans utveckling. Därav kontaktades bråttmålsadvokater, kriminologer, psykiatriker samt aktörer med psykologisk och neurologisk bakgrund. Utifrån ett kvalitativt angreppssätt utfördes 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer som därefter analyserades tematiskt. Genom analysen framkom 5 huvudteman; skepticism, kriminalpolitisk utveckling, experter talar för döva öron, konsekvenser - i bästa fall ingen påverkan samt alternativa påföljdsmöjligheter. Majoriteten av informanterna delar en negativ bild av slopandet, bland annat på grund av ungdomars mognad, och menar att det även finns en sådan konsensus i deras arbetssektor. När de diskuterar möjliga orsaker bakom slopandet genomsyras intervjuerna av den samhällsutvecklingen som har skett, med betoning på den ökade gängkriminaliteten och en hårdare kriminalpolitisk utveckling. Slopandet förväntas även leda till en rad olika framtida konsekvenser. Däribland att antalet intagna på anstalter kommer att öka. Ett flertal informanter lyfter även fram lagändringar som har skett parallellt med slopandet av ungdomsreduktionen och därigenom svårigheten att isolera effekten av en specifik lagändring. Därefter diskuterade majoriteten av informanterna alternativa påföljdsmöjligheter, såsom individanpassning. Slutligen kvarstår fråga om den slopande ungdomsreduktionen kommer leda till ett tillräckligt positivt utfall för att vara värt de negativa konsekvenserna som nyckelinformanterna diskuterat. / The study intends to investigate the abolition of the youth reduction between 18 and 21 years (with a penalty value of at least one year's imprisonment) and what effects the legislative change may have on future crime. Furthermore, the current study aims to find out what attitudes to legislative change exist among actors working with young people, crime and brain development. Therefore, lawyers, criminologists, psychiatrists and actors with a psychological and neurological background were contacted. Based on a qualitative approach, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted and then analyzed thematically. The analysis revealed five main themes emerged: skepticism, developments in criminal policy, experts talking to deaf ears, consequences - at best no impact and alternative sentencing options. The majority of the informants share a negative view of abolition, partly due to the maturity of youths, and believe that such a consensus also exists in their work sector. When discussing possible reasons for the abolition, the interviews are permeated by the societal developments that have taken place, with an emphasis on the increase in gang crime and a hardening of criminal policy. The abolition is also expected to lead to a variety of future consequences. This includes an increase in the number of inmates in prisons. Several informants also highlighted legislative changes that have taken place in parallel with the abolition of the youth reduction and thus the difficulty of isolating the effect of a specific legislative change. Subsequently, the majority of informants discussed alternative sentencing options, such as personalization. Finally, the question remains whether the abolition of the youth reduction will lead to a sufficiently positive outcome to be worth the negative consequences discussed by the key informants.

Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse kring uppkomsten av och vilka konsekvenser grooming innebär för utsatta flickor och som de bär med sig in i vuxenlivet, samt vilka åtgärder som samhället bör ta för att minska riskerna för grooming.Studien bygger på åtta kvalitativa intervjuer med flickor som varit utsatta för grooming under sin barndom. Resultatet visar att flickorna som vuxna lider av psykisk ohälsa och tillitsproblem efter att ha blivit utsatta för grooming och att det påverkar deras sätt att leva. Att vår tids tekniska utveckling möjliggjort att grooming sker blir tydligt genom studien och därför bör åtgärderna för att minska problematiken främst fokusera på denna del.I analysen används Becks teori om risksamhället för att förstå det stora perspektivet av vårt nutida samhälle och hur det fungerar med de risker som samhället utsätter unga för. För att förstå individens sociala värld utgår vi från Scheff och Connells teorier för att förstå känslovärlden och männens makt över dessa flickor. / The purpose of this study is to gain understanding around the emergence and consequences of grooming for the affected girls and how it carries into their adulthood, as well as the measures that society should take to reduce the risks of grooming.The study is based on eight qualitative interviews with girls who have been subjected to grooming during their childhood. The results show that as adults, these girls suffer from mental health issues and trust issues as a result of being exposed to grooming, affecting their way of life. The fact that technological advancements of our time have enabled grooming to occur is evident through this study, and therefore, measures to reduce the problem should primarily focus on this aspect.In the analysis, Beck's theory of the risk society is used to understand the broader perspective of our contemporary society and how it operates with the risks that society exposes young people to. To understand the individual's social world, we use theories from Scheff and Connell to comprehend the emotional world and men's power over these girls.

The need for fast, flexible, and sustainable deliveries has become a key priority for companies as customers demand more convenience in their purchasing experience. Retailers have responded by developing their logistics into an omnichannel to meet these expectations, which has made the supply chain more complex. The following study has been conducted at The Company, a telecommunication company aiming to be competitive in the market with fast deliveries through its omnichannel. In 2015, The Company set the logistics vision of “Availability as The Competitive Advantage”, aiming for 15-minute deliveries of all physical products in Sweden. This study involved investigating the logistical consequences of realising 15-minute deliveries in an omnichannel company. Therefore, the purpose of this study was formulated: “The purpose is to investigate the logistical consequences for The Company if the logistics vision of 15-minute deliveries is realised.” Since The Company cannot provide 15-minute deliveries today, local inventory points must be added to the underlying warehouse structure, acting simultaneously as storage points and parcel boxes. Firstly, the study involved creating scenarios for The Company where the customer can reach any local inventory point within 15 minutes by bicycle. Four scenarios were designed realising 15-minute deliveries in Sweden, Östergötland County, Jönköping County, and Stockholm respectively. For all four scenarios the number of local inventory points, central- and satellite warehouses, stores, replenishment- and distribution flows were decided by semi-structured interviews with The Company. Furthermore, investigating the logistical consequences involved two supply chain business processes connected to demand and supply: the demand management- and order fulfilment process. The included activities in the demand management process were Plan Forecast, Collect Data, Forecast, Synchronization and Communication of Forecast, Measure Performance. In the order fulfilment process, activities included were Defining Requirements, Evaluation of Logistics Network, Order Fulfilment Plan, Process Order, Pick and Pack Order, and Transport and Delivery. 12 respondents from The Company were interviewed to analyse the current activities and the required activities in the four scenarios. The logistical consequences to bridge the gaps were found and investigated. In the two processes investigated, 14 logistical consequences were found, seven in the demand management process and seven in the order fulfilment process. The study’s result indicates that rapid deliveries imply the same logistical consequences regardless of geographical area and the number of local inventory points for The Company. Covering Sweden implies bigger gaps and consequences than solely covering a big city. Many of the logistical consequences address similar gaps and logistical consequences resulting in the two processes interfacing. Consequently, the logistical consequences were divided into three main categories: system, strategic, and operational. Despite the difference between the four scenarios, many of the respondents have expressed the challenging future ahead by offering 15-minute deliveries. To fulfil the logistics vision The Company must focus on the logistical consequences identified in this study. It will require major significant changes in The Company’s logistics system adding stores. However, the focus of the study lied in understanding the requirements of the demand management and order fulfilment processes within the designed scenarios. Moreover, The Company is recommended to prioritize these consequences and then actively address them.