This thesis deals with motivation of long-term unemployed when looking for a job. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with basic overview of theories of motivation and motivation to work. It also defines basic concepts regarding long- term unemployment. In connection with the issue it describes a system of material poverty, unemployment and abuse of social benefits. The final chapter of this section is devoted to a summary of the theoretical part. The practical part of the work contains the results of a research. Qualitative method and semi- structured interviews with beneficiaries in material need were used for data acquisition. The aim of the research is to understand what factors influence the motivation of long-term unemployed when looking for a job and when trying to solve their social situation. Part of this section is the interpretation of the results of the research and its evaluation.

The diploma thesis Brexit and its implications for European integration uses the method of explanatory case study in an effort to analyze the causes and impacts of the Great Britain's withdrawal from the European Union. The thesis therefore examines the historical context of the complicated relations between Great Britain and the European Communities from their formation in the 1950s to the present, which ultimately led to the historic step of United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU on 31 January 2020. The thesis then maps the negotiations regarding the Withdrawal Agreement and the future arrangement of mutual relations, which took place between 2016 - 2020. The effects of the UK's withdrawal from the EU on the composition and functioning of the European institutions and the impact of the changes on the remaining member states are also analyzed. In addition, the work presents possible arrangements of economic relations between the two parties, which are currently the subject of negotiations between the UK and the EU during the transitional period from 1 February 2020 to 31 December 2020. Lastly, the thesis works with the White Paper presented by the European Commission in 2017 in order to analyze five possible scenarios for the future development of European integration. For this, the thesis...

The public perception of ionising radiation focuses on its exploitation for energy production and medicine (diagnostics, therapy). In contrast, natural sources of ionising radiation are rarely considered, which contribute to more than half of the total radiation exposure. With regard to biological consequences, stochastic radiation effects (e. g. mortality of radiation-induced cancer, genetic effects), where the probability increases with dose, and deterministic radiation effects (pathological changes, e. g. changes of gonads, embryo and fetus) for which severity increases with dose, must be distinguished. Ionizing radiation is frequently linked to various risks (cancer, genetic damage, acute radiation syndrome). Usually, these risks are over-estimated. / Bei der öffentlichen Auseinandersetzung mit ionisierender Strahlung steht deren Nutzung im Rahmen der Energieerzeugung und der Medizin (Diagnostik, Strahlentherapie) im Vordergrund. Selten wird bedacht, dass ionisierende Strahlung auch natürlich vorkommt und damit mehr als die Hälfte der Gesamt-Strahlenbelastung bedingt. Die biologische Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung wird eingeteilt in stochastische Effekte, bei denen die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Effektes mit der Dosis zunimmt (z. B. Tod durch strahleninduzierten Krebs, genetische Effekte), sowie deterministische Effekte (pathologische Veränderungen, z. B. an Fortpflanzungsorganen oder der Leibesfrucht), bei denen der Schweregrad dosisabhängig ist. Ionisierende Strahlung wird häufig mit verschiedenen Risiken (Krebs, Erbschäden, Strahlenkrankheit) in Verbindung gebracht, wobei diese in der Regel überschätzt werden.

Problemformulering: Hur beskriver medarbetare destruktivt ledarskap? Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva destruktivt ledarskap utifrån ettmedarbetarperspektiv. Metod: Studien följer en deduktiv ansats och bygger på en kvalitativforskningsstrategi, studiens empiriska material har insamlats genomsemistrukturerade intervjuer samt bearbetats och tolkats med utgångspunkt i enkvalitativ innehållsanalys. Slutsats: Medarbetare beskriver destruktivt ledarskap som ett stort problem vilketmedför en rad allvarliga konsekvenser som därmed bör tas på allvar. Det framgårockså tydligt att medarbetares upplevelser och perspektiv är betydande för förståelsenav fenomenet destruktivt ledarskap och därför bör beaktas i större utsträckning ipraktiken. Vi kan även konstatera att organisationers sätt att hantera destruktivtledarskap riskerar att förvärra konsekvenserna för medarbetare och klienter. / Research question: How do employees describe destructive leadership? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe destructive leadership from anemployee perspective. Method: The study follows a deductive approach and is based on a qualitativeresearch strategy, the empirical material of the study has been collected throughsemi-structured interviews and processed and interpreted on the basis of a qualitativecontent analysis. Conclusion: Employees describe destructive leadership as a major problem whichbrings a series of serious consequences that should be taken seriously. It also appearsthat the employees experiences and perspective is significant for the understanding ofthe phenomenon of destructive leadership and therefore should be taken intoconsideration on a larger scale in practice. We can also state that the organization’sapproach to cope with destructive leadership risks worsening the consequences foremployees and clients.

Many of the sustainability challenges our society currently face have arisen as unanticipated side effects of our own modern developments. This thesis investigates if unintended consequences and perspectives are fully addressed by traditional methods for providing decision-making support within the sustainability domain. For that purpose, Systems Thinking is utilised in three cases: in the first, Systems Thinking is used to analyse sustainability issues relating to the current product design paradigm. In the second case, Systems Thinking is applied to two product systems – household washing machines and conventional passenger vehicles. The third case discusses different stakeholder perspectives in environmental decision-making and proposes a way to combine the ESA tools LCA, LCC and CBA in order to consider the different stakeholder perspectives. Results of the first case point out that the practices within the current design paradigm are focused on innovations and improvements in material and energy efficiency. These practices have led to the following unintended consequences: consumption rebound effects, increased waste, pollution, negative externalities, economic inequalities and other environmental and social negative impacts. These unintended consequences are represented in a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD). The diagram graphically illustrates how these unintended consequences influence one another and interact by means of cause-effect linkages and reinforcing feedback loops. A novel conceptual framework named Sustainability-Driven Systems-Oriented Design is proposed to work within broader system boundaries in order to address possible negative side effects that micro-level gains could have on macro-level losses. In the case of the two product systems, a CLD for household washing machines and conventional passenger vehicles is developed. The CLDs represent how selected variables interact by means of cause-effect associations to affect environmental impacts of the products. The CLD technique appears to be a useful way to connect quantitative assessment (from Life Cycle Assessment) with qualitative analysis (from Systems Thinking). In the third case it is argued that stakeholders tend to adopt different system boundaries and make assumptions according to their perspective when they use ESA tools in environmental decision-making. A way to combine ESA tools is suggested to facilitate the observation of the environmental decision from different viewpoints. It concludes, to some extent, that traditional methods for providing decision-making support can handle certain parameters that may result in unintended consequences. Systems Thinking may assist in the process of performing qualitative analyses of what is important to consider in order to strengthen the robustness of, and improve on the recommended actions from, quantitative detailed analyses. / <p>QC 201305330</p>

Thesis deals with sexual abuse. Theoretical part defines sexual abuse first, describes forms, perpetrators and victims. The next step is description of sexual abuse as a traumatic event and traumatic process. Short-term and long-term consequences are discussed. Empirical part deals with specific phenomenon in adult's life with experience of sexual abuse. Grounded theory and case studies are used to find specific areas of interest in sexually abused persons. Results find several phenomenon in adult's life of sexually abused persons.

Background and problem: There is a need for more research that is specific to a particular branch of industry when it comes to capital budgeting. Especially when it comes to mapping how companies within the Swedish forest industry proceed capital budgeting when investing in tangible fixed assets. The reason for this is that the research regarding the subject within the industry is either made abroad, focusing only on a few companies or excluding the non-financial considerations that are made during the capital budgeting process. It is not reasonable to not take these considerations into account, due to the fact that it has a great impact on the capital investment decision. Besides this, it is through both the financial and the non-financial consequences that the complex reality can be captured. In other words, capital budgeting can only be studied in large when including both financial and non-financial considerations at the same time as there is a need to delimit the research to one industry and one country.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to map how companies within the Swedish forest industry handle capital budgeting when investing in tangible fixed assets. The mapping will be done by determining which calculation methods that are frequently used and what financial and non-financial considerations that are made. The purpose is also to define the reasons as to why the Swedish forest companies prioritize precisely these considerations when managing capital budgeting. The ambition is to make sure that the research’s conclusions depict capital budgeting in the industry and trought that contribute to a greater understanding of the practical application of capital budgeting within Swedish forest industry.  Method: The thesis is primarily described as a qualitative research that is based on interviews. The empirical data is mostly gathered through semi structured interviews with respondents from different Swedish forest companies and the interviews are supplemented with information from various websites, annual reports and internal documents.  Conclusions: Swedish forest companies are influenced by a number of factors which in turn affects how they handle capital budgeting when investing in tangible fixed assets. The financial considerations are mainly found through the usage of different investment calculation methods, where the payback method followed by the net present value method are most commonly used. The non-financial considerations are mainly characterized by industry specific conditions together with a focus on environment, security and competitiveness.

Bakgrund: Trots att barn har ett skyddsnät i form av lagar och riktlinjer har vart tionde barn iSverige någon gång upplevt våld i nära relation. Våldet kan ta sig i uttryck på olika sätt, till exempel fysiskt, psykiskt eller sexuellt. Barns utsatthet påverkades av flera olika faktorer blandannat personliga egenskaper, kultur och normer. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att utforska vilka konsekvenser som kan drabba barn som upplever våld inära relation, ur barnens perspektiv.  Metod: Metoden som tillämpades var en litteraturöversikt. Efter systematiska litteratursökningar inkluderades sju vetenskapliga artiklar i studien. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades, analyserades ochsammanställdes i kategorier. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i två kategorier följt av fem subkategorier. I resultatetframgick det hur barn tänker, känner och agerar i våldsamma situationer. Det framgick även vilka konsekvenser våldet kunde föra med sig över tid. Konklusion: Barn uppgav att de vid den omedelbara våldssituationen att de hade flera olika tankar, känslor och beteenden. De kunde känna sig rädda, ledsna och arga. Våldet visade sig även föra med sig andra konsekvenser som utvecklades över tid till exempel emotionell och beteendemässig problematik, samt sämre prestation i skolan. De utvecklade även överlevnadsstrategier. / Background: Even though children have a safety net in the form of laws and regulations, every tenth child in Sweden has at some point experienced intimate partner violence. The violence can manifest itself in various ways, for example physically, mentally, or sexually. Children's vulnerability is affected by several different factors, including personal characteristics, culture,and norms. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the consequences that can affect children who experience intimate partner violence, from the children's perspective. Method: The method used was a literature review. After several systematic literature searches, seven scientific articles were included in the study. The articles were quality reviewed, analyzedand compiled into categories. Results: The results were presented in two categories followed by five subcategories. The results showed how children think, feel and act in violent situations. It was also clear what consequencesviolence could bring over time. Conclusion: Children stated that in the immediate situation of violence they had several different thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. They felt scared, sad and angry. The violence also turned out tohave other consequences that developed over time, such as emotional and behavioral problems aswell as poorer performance in school. They also developed survival strategies.

The thesis was divided into two parts. The first part deals with selected long-term impacts of cannabis use and basic concepts such as history, methods of application, use or legislation. In order to understand the whole issue, the basic components of the cannabis plant and their effects. The main part of the theory was then devoted to the possibilities of social work in the field of addiction, but also health complications and therapeutic effects of cannabis. The first part was built on a professional basis literature that addresses this topic. As the work dealt with a very current topic, the latest HARP treatment program was also mentioned. In the second part of the work semi-structured interviews were performed in order to confirm the theoretical part of the work and bring a certain authenticity to the work. The goal was to offer to the reader comprehensive information about cannabis in one place, clearly and transparently. The negatives and the positives that this plant can cause as a result of use were analyzed.

Syftet med studien var att se i vilken utsträckning mellantvånget tillämpades i Sverige och om det fanns några samband gällande tillämpning, kunskap och/eller ställningstagande kring mellantvånget. Studien utgår från en kvantitativ metod genom en webbenkät som besvarades av 109 socialsekreterare. Den insamlade data analyserades utifrån teorin om gräsrotsbyråkrater. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av socialsekreterarna aldrig hade tillämpat mellantvånget. Det erhölls signifikanta samband gällande socialsekreterarnas tillämpning, kunskap och ställningstagande kring mellantvånget. Socialsekreterarna hade bristfällig kunskap om mellantvånget och ett önskat behov om ett förändrat mellantvång, vilket gav en indikation på varför det tillämpades i den utsträckning det gör. Tidigare forskning belyste vikten av tidiga insatser i form av mellantvånget för att tillgodose barnets rättigheter och förebygga att de far illa. / The aim of this study was to analyze how frequent coercive measures were applied in Sweden and if there were any connections regarding practice, knowledge and/or their standpoint. A quantitative method was used with a web survey which 109 social workers answered. The collected data was analyzed based on the theory of street-level bureaucrats. The result showed that the majority of the social workers never had applied coercive measures. There were significant connections regarding the social workers application, knowledge or their standpoint regarding coercive measures. The social worker's knowledge of coercive measures was inadequate and indicated that they desired to increase it. That gave an indication of why it is applied to the extent that it does. Previous research illuminated that early action is needed to cater the child’s rights and prevent them from getting hurt.