在臺灣，近幾年同性婚姻與多元成家的議題持續熱議，而在更之前關於優生保健法中墮胎條文的修法爭議亦是持續不斷。無論是反對同性婚姻或是反對墮胎的陣營絕大多數都是宗教團體，宗教似乎一直與「保守」這個詞聯想在一起，本文即探討宗教與保守之間的關係。 本文的研究方法是以世界價值觀調查（World Values Survey; WVS）2006年與2012年臺灣所執行調查的資料做統計上的分析，檢視宗教信仰與保守態度之間的關係。談論到保守主義時，性別平等、墮胎、同性戀這三個議題常被提出來討論，本文將此三個議題作為主要的研究重點，探討臺灣宗教信徒對三個議題的態度為何？偏自由或偏保守？宗教信仰者是否比無宗教信仰者更保守？統計分析以外，並且進一步以文獻分析方式探討臺灣在這些議題上的進展，整理出政府與民間倡議團體（包括宗教團體）的政策與立場方針，以及宗教在面臨到性別平等、墮胎、同性戀的議題時，有什麼回應？試圖探討宗教信徒身處在何種社會環境背景下，能否與他們的態度做一對照。 「有宗教信仰者比無宗教信仰者保守」，本文的研究並沒有能夠完全證實這點。但可以確定的是，不同的宗教信仰對議題的保守程度不一，在某些情形中，有宗教信仰者不一定比無宗教信仰者更為保守。不過大體上，虔誠度愈高的人愈傾向保守。此外，社會環境上的變化，會影響宗教對經典或教義的詮釋，而信仰者也可能產生態度上的變化。 從本文的研究來看，臺灣在多元宗教信仰的脈絡之下，不同的宗教對於議題的保守程度不一；並且宗教道德會影響信仰者的保守態度，宗教信仰愈虔誠的人愈保守。 / In Taiwan, there has been a hot debate on same-sex marriage and diverse family formation in recent years. Before then, there also have been many discussions about the controversy of Genetic Health Law. Most of religion groups side against homosexuality and abortion. Religion often seems to be associated with conservatism. This research attempts to discuss the relationship between religion and conservatism in Taiwan in 21th century. This research uses the data of World Values Survey, which was implemented in Taiwan in 2006 and 2012, and do a statistical analyze on religion and conservative attitude. When it comes to conservatism, the three issues: gender equality, abortion, and homosexuality are usually mentioned. This research is centered on these three issues, trying to observe religious people’s attitudes toward the three issues. Would there attitudes tend to be liberal or conservative? Are religious people more conservative than non-believers? Besides to statistical analysis, this research also analyses the development of the three issues, the policy or standpoint of government and advocacy groups, and religion’s response to those issues, trying to discusses the social background and surroundings that religious people live upon and compare to their attitudes. This research could not confirm that religious people are more conservative than non-believers. However, this research indicates that the level of conservative attitude vary with different religions. In some cases, religious people are not more conservative than non-believers. But generally speaking, people with higher religiosity tend to be more conservative. In addition, the changes of society would influence religion’s interpretation of classics or doctrines, and believers may change their attitudes. This research indicates that in the context of multiple religions in Taiwan, religious people’s attitudes toward those issues vary with different religions. Also, religion morality would influence believers’ conservative attitudes, and people with higher religiosity tend to be more conservative.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

For historians of twentieth-century British affairs, the decade of the 1930s is very significant. It was marked not only by a devastating economic crisis at the outset, but also by the rise of fascism in Europe and the onset of the Second World War at its close. These issues were problematic in themselves, but Britain’s response to them was complicated still further by the deep divisions between the Left and the Right over socialism and over the Soviet Union. The presence of the USSR in the East and its influence in Britain loomed over the internal debates that took place, affecting British responses to difficult situations in drastic and far-reaching ways. People of both anti-Soviet and pro-Soviet persuasions were forced to account for events that did not tally with their most strongly held beliefs, hopes or fears. This dissertation explores the ways in which British people of a variety of political leanings publicly processed and coped with the role of the Soviet Union in these debates. Using a range of sources including contemporary newspapers, books and pamphlets, I will trace the evolution of attitudes to the Soviet Union from 1929, the first year of the economic crisis, up until 1943, the high point of the Anglo-Soviet wartime alliance. My analysis will show how people with fundamentally different belief systems mirrored each other in their responses to intellectual challenges, and how interactions between different groups sustained or exaggerated each group’s response to the Soviet Union. I will also critique the analyses of some historians who have limited the parameters of their studies to take in only single groups or single events, and in so doing have become unfairly critical of individuals who struggled to process a large number of difficult and confusing events.

Analysing the repeated debates within American conservatism over the place of Abraham Lincoln within American history.

直到2010年中國大陸才有一套較完整的內部控制相關規範，近年來有關中國企業內部控制相關的議題也受到很多重視。中國市場是近年來很受重視的市場，然而我們對於蓬勃發展的中國市場是否具有會計穩健性，以及中國企業的盈餘品質等特性卻不甚瞭解。因此，本研究以中國市場為研究對象，探討企業內部控制品質的好壞是否影響企業的會計穩健性。本研究之實證結果發現，中國市場整體而言雖具有會計穩健性，然而企業內部控制品質的好壞與企業穩健性之間不具有統計上之顯著關聯性，顯示中國企業的內部控制品質的提升無法有效提升企業的會計穩健性，無法使管理者更快速的認列壞消息。 / The laws and regulations of internal control in China aren’t developed so complete and detailed until 2010. The issues about internal control of those companies in China receive much attention in these years. People gradually pay attention to China market, but little is known about the earnings characteristics of China market, such as accounting conservatism and earnings quality. Consequently, this research focuses on whether the internal control quality of those companies in China affects accounting conservatism of theirs. The empirical research finds that China market has the characteristic of accounting conservatism in general, but the association between the internal control quality and accounting conservatism is not statistically significant. The results do not support that those companies in China which have better internal control quality enhance their managers using accounting conservatism to recognize bad news more timely.

L’inflation a diminué de façon importante dans les pays riches depuis le début des années 80. Cette baisse de l’inflation n’est pas un hasard et peut, en partie, être liée à la mise en place de nouvelles institutions et politiques monétaires. Ce mémoire examine la relation qui existe entre deux de ces institutions, l’indépendance politique et le conservatisme d’une banque centrale, et l’idéal d’égalité économique. Peut-on, demandons-nous, être égalitariste et défendre, à la fois, l’indépendance politique d’une banque centrale et la volonté «conservatrice» de faire de l’inflation une priorité relativement au chômage? Le mémoire se divise en trois grandes parties. Une version crédible de l’égalitarisme économique est d’abord présentée. La relation qui existe entre le phénomène d’inflation et l’égalitarisme est, ensuite, examinée. Une réflexion critique sur les fondements théoriques de l’indépendance politique et du conservatisme est, enfin, développée. Nous concluons que la théorie égalitariste ne permet pas, à elle seule, de déterminer si un modèle particulier de banque centrale est moralement désirable. Pour se porter à la défense d’une banque centrale indépendante et conservatrice, un égalitariste doit adhérer à des prémisses économiques contestées. / Inflation has been decreasing in rich countries since the beggining of the 80’s. The creation of new monetary institutions in the western world is, partly at least, responsible for this fall. This Master’s thesis examines the relation beetween the ideal of economic equality and two important monetary institutions: Central bank conservatism and political independance. Can egalitarians support, I ask, the conservatism and the political independance of a central bank? This work is divided in three parts. We, first, present a credible definition of what egalitarism is. We examine the relation that exists beetween inflation and egalitarianism. Finally, we analyse and criticize the theoretical foundation of political independance and monetary conservatism. We conclude that egalitarianism cannot determinate, by itself, the moral quality of monetary institutions. Egalitarians can defend central bank political independance and conservatism, but to do so they have to accept controversial economic premisses.

Thesis (B.A.(Hons.)) -- University of Adelaide, 1978. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-102).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of History. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. Peter Garretson, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept.14, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains vi,142 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloS_DISSERT.pdf: 3344512 bytes, checksum: a6ed717c2f82cdbe0c9dda1fc27ed564 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-28 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / The genus Herpsilochmus is composed mainly of cryptic species, among them is Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, which is currently represented by four subspecies: H. r. rufimarginatus, H. r. frater, H. r. scapularis and H. r. exiguus. Differences in plumage and vocalization suggest that there are more than one species involved in this complex. Thus this and other subspecific taxa need urgent revision, the disjunct distribution of this species also allows us to infer the relationship between birds that occur in this biome and / or different centers of endemism. This study aims to make a taxonomic revision of the taxa included in the complex time Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus based on morphological, morphometric, vocals and geographical distribution of this bird. Besides creating distribution models current potential and make the reconstruction of the distribution bygone using ecological niche modeling, and testing the niche conservatism and divergence between different subspecies. Consultations for examination of the skins of specimens of the museums: Museum of Zoology, University of S?o Paulo (MZUSP), National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MN) and Emilio Goeldi Museum of Par? (MPEG), and the skins deposited at the collection of Ornithological Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (COUFRN). We studied the following measures length of specimens: exposed culmen, culmen and total culmen nostril, tarsus, wing and tail flattened. The voice analysis was performed with vocalizations banks and / or digital banks people where 17 voice parameters were measured. This information and more available in the literature were used to assemble a bunch of data under the limit distribution of taxa and generate ecological niche models. This analyzes carried out in the program Maxent, having as model selection criterion the AUC, and the models were greater than 0.80 are considered good models. Environmental data for the realization of the modeling were downloaded on the website of Worldclim. The morphometric information, vocals and geographic distribution point for the separation of these taxa to be considering various uni and multivariate analyzes. The potential distribution models performed well (AUC> 0.80), and its distribution associated with environmental characteristics of the Amazon forest and Atlantic forest (forests of south and southeast, northeast and forest). The reconstruction of the distribution indicates a possible contact between the southern part of the Atlantic forest in the northern part of the Amazon. The analysis of niche overlap showed a low overlap between taxa and comparisons between the null model and the generated overlay link probably occurring niche conservatism. The data suggest that the taxa that occur in the Amazon and Atlantic forest represent three distinct species / O g?nero Herpsilochmus ? composto principalmente por esp?cies cr?pticas, entre elas est? Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, que atualmente ? representado por quatro subesp?cies: H. r. rufimarginatus, H. r. frater, H. r. scapularis e H. r. exiguus. Diferen?as na plumagem e vocaliza??o sugerem que existam mais de uma esp?cie envolvida nesse complexo. Sendo assim esse e outros t?xons subespec?ficos precisa de revis?o urgente, a distribui??o disjunta dessa esp?cie tamb?m possibilita inferir a rela??o entre essas aves que ocorrem em biomas e/ou centros de endemismos diferentes. Esse estudo tem como objetivo fazer a revis?o taxon?mica dos t?xons hora inclu?dos no complexo Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus com base em caracteres morfol?gicos, morfom?tricos, vocais e distribui??o geogr?fica dessa ave. Al?m criar modelos de distribui??o potencial atual e fazer a reconstru??o da distribui??o pret?rita usando modelagem de nicho ecol?gico, e testar o conservadorismo e diverg?ncia de nicho entre as diferentes subesp?cies. Foram realizadas consultas para exame das peles dos esp?cimes presentes nos museus: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S?o Paulo (MZUSP), Museu Nacional (MN) e Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG), e as peles depositadas na Cole??o de Ornitol?gica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (COUFRN). Foram verificadas as seguintes medidas de comprimento dos esp?cimes: culmen exposto, culmen total e culmen narina, tarso, asa achatada e cauda. A an?lise vocal foi realizada com vocaliza??es de bancos digitais e/ou de bancos pessoas, onde foram mensurados 17 par?metros vocais. Essas informa??es e mais as dispon?veis em literatura serviram para montar um bando de dados sob o limite de distribui??o dos t?xons e gerar os modelos de nicho ecol?gico. As an?lises realizadas no programa Maxent, tendo como crit?rio de sele??o de modelo os valores de AUC, sendo os modelos que tiveram valores maiores que 0,80 s?o considerados bons modelos. Os dados ambientais para realiza??o da modelagem foram baixados no site do WorldClim. As informa??es morfom?tricas, vocais e distribui??o geogr?fica apontam para a para a separa??o desses t?xons seja levando em considera??o an?lises multivariadas e uni variadas. Os modelos de distribui??o potencial tiveram bom desempenho (AUC > 0,80), sendo a sua distribui??o associada a caracter?sticas ambientais da floresta Amaz?nica e Mata Atl?ntica (florestas do sul e sudeste, e floresta do nordeste). A reconstru??o da distribui??o aponta um poss?vel contato entre a parte sul da Mata Atl?ntica com a parte norte da Amaz?nica. A an?lise de sobreposi??o de nicho apontou uma baixa sobreposi??o entre os t?xons e as compara??es entre modelo nulo e os gerados de sobreposi??o apontam provavelmente que ocorre conservadorismo de nicho. As informa??es sugerem que os t?xons que ocorrem na Amaz?nia e Mata Atl?ntica representam tr?s esp?cies distintas, sendo uma delas uma esp?cie n?o descrita