The purpose of this study was to explore the promotion of safe schools in the Eastern Cape according to a Whole School Development Approach. A literature study investigated the factors contributing to violence in schools in the Eastern Cape as well as South Africa, the strategies that can be used to involve all stakeholders in education to combat school violence and the strategies to promote safe schools through Whole School Development Approach. An empirical investigation following a qualitative approach was used to explore the views of learners, educators, principals and teachers of two secondary schools in the Eastern Cape. Data was gathered by observation, interviews, analysis of written documents and analysis was according to qualitative procedures. Findings showed a prevalence of violence in the schools as a result of non-application of the Whole School Development Approach. The implications of the findings of both literature and the empirical investigation are discussed and certain guidelines are provided to assist all stakeholders in education on the promotion of safe schools through the Whole School Development Approach. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Since 1994 the South African government has implemented principles of equity, redress and social empowerment in broader society and in education. Consequently, corporal punishment was banned in schools and new methods of managing discipline were introduced. Moreover, decision-making power is decentralised to School Governing Bodies on which learner representatives serve in secondary schools. Thus, the latter are also involved in the management of discipline. This study explores the learners' role in the management of discipline in urban secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal. Current perspectives on school discipline and an overview of the learners' role in discipline management in the South African context were provided. A qualitative investigation used interviews with learners and educators in selected schools to collect data. Findings suggest that learner involvement in discipline can be positive but lack of training and poor communication impede the full deployment of learners in this regard. Finally, recommendations for the improvement of practice are made. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Education Management)

Die doel van hierdie studie van beperkte omvang is om inligting in te samel oor die probleem van dissipline soos dit manifesteer in Intermediêre Skole in die Namakwa Distrik van die Noord-Kaap Provinsie. Die aandag word toegespits op: * wetgewing met betrekking tot dissipline in skole; * soorte van probleme; * faktore wat aanleiding gee tot probleme; * maatreëls wat gebruik word om dissiplinêre probleme te hanteer en te voorkom. Deur literatuurstudie word begrip en kennis verkry wat as agtergrond dien vir die kwalitatiewe ondersoek waardeur `n kontekstuele begrip verkry word van die ervaring van dissipline en probleme deur `n geselekteerde groep skoolhoofde van Intermediêre Skole in die Namakwa Distrik van die Noord-Kaapprovinsie. Ten slotte word voorstelle gemaak met die oog op die verbetering van `n komplekse situasie. / The aim of this study on a small scale is to gather information about the problem of discipline as manifested in Intermediate Schools in the Namaqua District of the Northern Cape Province. The attention is focused on: * legislation in connection with discipline in schools; * types of problems; * factors that cause problems; * measures to cope and prevent disciplinary problems. The study of literature provides understanding and knowledge that serves as background to the qualitative study by way of which a contextual understanding is developed of the experience of discipline and specific problems by a selected group of principals of Intermediate Schools in the Namaqua District of the Northern Cape Province. In conclusion proposals are made aimed at the improvement of a complex situation. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Quiet Time Programme as a technique to maintain learner discipline in primary schools in Chatsworth, Durban. Data regarding the impact of the Quiet Time Programme on positive discipline was collected. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data was collected from principals, educators and learners. Three primary schools in Chatsworth were used. A quantitative research approach was used in this study. The empirical investigation revealed that there are many learner discipline issues that educators are faced with on a daily basis. The investigation also demonstrated the ineffectiveness of the alternatives to Corporal Punishment that are used at schools currently. This study introduced the Quiet Time Model. Principals, educators and learners revealed their perceptions of the Quiet Time Programme. The study concluded with the discussion of the major findings emanating from the data analysis. Recommendations have been provided to schools for drawing up their discipline policies. The role of the principals, parents, educators and learners play in creating an environment conducive to teaching and learning must be considered. Some techniques to keep all stakeholders interested and inspired in the implementation of new discipline techniques are provided. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Education Management)

The objective of this thesis is to assess the impact and influence of South Africa's Constitutional Court in the first two years of our democracy. To achieve this objective, some of the definitive and controversial cases already decided by the Court have been selected and analysed in an attempt to glean some jurisprudential perspectives of the Court. It focuses on the work of the Court over the past two years. It deals with the evolution of South Africa into a democracy, and analyzes the South African legal system prior to the beginning of the process of transformation. It briefly surveys the evolution of our constitutional system, dating back from the pre-1910 colonial period and provides a broad outline of the legal system in the post-April 1994 period of transformation. It analyzes the Court from the point of view of, inter alia, its composition, jurisdiction and powers. The Court is also contrasted with courts in other jurisdictions which exercise full judicial review. The Court's emerging jurisprudence is examined. A review is made, inter alia, of the Court's understanding of, and approach to, the questions of the values underpinning the post-apartheid society and its constitutional system, and constitutional interpretation. The right against self-incrimination and South African company law and the two relevant Constitutional Court cases are discussed. The collection of evidence by the State and the constitutionality of provisions relating to search and seizure and the taking of fingerprints are looked into. The Court's approach to statutory presumptions and criminal prosecutions; some aspects of our appeals procedures; an accused's right to be assisted by a lawyer at state expense; the question of a fair trial and access to information; capital punishment; corporal punishment; committal to prison for debt; and the certification of constitutions is analyzed. Two of the cases in which the provinces clashed with the national government on the distribution of posers between provinces and the national government are discussed. The conclusion is that the Court has, overall, hitherto acquitted itself well in the handling of particularly the controversial quasi-political questions that arose in the cases it has decided. / Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law / L.L. D. (Law)

This study focused on the schools of KwaDabeka Township in KwaZulu-Natal. This project explored the underlying reasons for and types of violence, as well as initiatives for violence prevention. This is a qualitative study; therefore it is located within the interpretive paradigm. A case study strategy was employed in which qualitative methods such as interviews, observations, document reviews, and journals were used to collect data. The findings suggest that besides ill-discipline and uncooperativeness by learners, criminals and thugs from outside schools pose a threat to the stability of schools. The findings also suggest that girls and young boys are victims of violence in schools. The research findings suggest that violence production in schools is shaped by socio-economic status of community where the school is in, as well as gender and masculinity. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées avec le logiciels SPSS 11.0(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) et AMOS 6 (Analysis of Moment Structures. La base de données de l'étude a été crée et receuillie par Caroline Despatie en collaboration avec Dr. Dianne Casoni. / Considérant les effets négatifs sur le développement des enfants associées à l'utilisation de châtiments corporels, un ensemble considérable de la recherche a tenté de proposer une avenue pour interrompre le cercle vicieux de la violence intergénérationnelle. Toutefois, on pourrait argumenter qu`une limitation majeure dans la plupart de ces études réside dans le fait que très peu d`entre eux ont eu comme but d`investiguer l'importance d`une troisième variable comme le sentiment de mériter le châtiment, les explications reçues sur l`équité de la peine imposée ou les attitudes qu`une personne peut garder envers cette méthode éducative. En utilisant la modélisation d'équations structurelles, la présente étude a démontré que la relation apparente entre les variables subjectives et sociodémographiques liés à l`expérience de la punition corporelle et l`intention de faire recours à cette méthode éducative en tant que parent est en fait expliquée par le rôle de médiation joué par d'autres variables telles que les attitudes à l'égard de châtiments corporels, le type de châtiments corporels, la façon dont le châtiment a été perçu par le sujet et les raisons données par l'agent pour motiver la peine infligée. La thèse principale avancée par le présent étude est à l`effet qu`une fois le rôle d`une troisième variable est considéré dans l`équation (par exemple, l'attitude envers les châtiments corporels), l'apparente relation entre les variables objectives et les résultats final, soit l`intention de recourir a la punition corporelle, disparaît. Plus précisément, comme il en résulte de l’analyse de modélisation, ce sont les médiateurs qui expliquent toute association possible entre les variables objectives et l`intention d'utiliser les châtiments corporels. C'est-à-dire, un modèle qui ne contiennent aucune liaison directe entre les variables objectives, et directement mésurables (c'est-à-dire l`âgé lors de la punition, le fait d'être un immigrant, la fréquence de la peine, le nombre d'objets utilisés, le nombre d`agents punisseurs, le sexe) et l'intention d'utiliser les châtiments corporels correspond aux données. De surcroît, parmi les quatre médiateurs pris en compte dans notre modèle, ce sont les opinions à l`égard de la punition corporelle qui possèdent la meilleure capacité prédictive en ce qui a trait à l`intention de recourir aux châtiments corporels. Finalement, afin d'étudier le profil des différences entre les sujets en fonction de leurs expériences passées avec les châtiments corporels, les explications reçues pour la peine, et leurs attitudes, une analyse par groupe a été employée. Bref, une solution en quatre groupes faisant des distinctions significatives entre les groupes a été choisie. / Considering the negative developmental findings associated with the use of parental corporal punishment, a considerable body of research has attempted to suggest an avenue for interrupting this vicious cycle of intergenerational violence. However, a major limitation in most of these studies has to do with the fact that very few of them has looked at the influence of a third variable such as the use of explanation, perceived fairness and deservedness of punishment, or the attitudes one has towards corporal punishment. By employing structural equation modelling (SEM), the present study has demonstrated that the apparent relationship between subjective and socio-demographic variables related to corporal punishment and latter intention to use it as a parent is in fact explained by the mediating role of other variables such as attitudes towards corporal punishment, type of corporal punishment, perceived reasons for punishment and reasons given for punishment by the agent. Our main contention was that when a third variable (e.g., attitude towards corporal punishment) is included in the equation, the apparent relationship between punishment variables and outcome disappears. More specifically, as it has resulted from the SEM analysis, the mediating variables explain all of the association between the objective variables and intention to use corporal punishment. That is to say, a model containing no direct paths from the independent variables (i.e., number of ages punished, being an immigrant, frequency of punishment, means of administration of corporal punishment , number of punishing agents, sex) to Intention to Use Corporal Punishment fits the data. Moreover, among the four mediators considered in our model only the attitudinal measures make a significant contribution to the prediction of intention to use corporal punishment. In addition, in order to explore the profile of differences between subjects on their past experiences with corporal punishment, explanations for punishment, and present attitudes, cluster analysis was employed. Finally, a four cluster solution that made meaningful distinctions between groups was selected for consideration.

La protection de l’enfant constitue une préoccupation majeure de notre droit, afin que le mineur ne soit pas victime d’un dommage. Cette protection est en premier lieu assurée par la famille. Il peut donc paraître surprenant que l’enfant soit victime de sa famille, ce d’autant plus que les parents doivent agir dans l’intérêt de l’enfant. La notion d’enfant victime de sa famille n’existe pas en tant que tel dans notre droit. La victime supporte souvent un dommage causé par un tiers et non par un membre de sa propre famille. L’étude des situations où l’enfant pourrait subir une atteinte à ses droits de la personnalité, en raison d’une action ou d’une omission de l’un des membres de sa famille, a toutefois permis la conceptualisation de la notion d’enfant victime de sa famille. Il a ainsi été possible de qualifier les différentes réalités rencontrées, en fonction de leurs ressemblances ou de leurs dissemblances. Cette analyse empirique a conduit à déterminer des catégories d’enfants victimes de leurs familles auxquelles correspondent un régime de protection. Elle a notamment eu pour conséquence la recherche de nouveaux instruments de protection adaptés aux spécificités des hypothèses étudiées. Ce processus de catégorisation a permis l’accès à la juridicité des réalités sociales et familiales appréhendées. Il a également été l’occasion de mettre en évidence les fondements de la notion d’enfant victime, dans le sens où le droit a consacré des situations classiques d’enfants victimes de leurs familles. L’apparition de nouvelles réalités sociales a cependant rendu nécessaire le renouvellement de la notion d’enfant victime de sa famille, afin de pallier les limites des fondements de la notion et de garantir la représentation effective de ce phénomène dans le discours juridique. / The child protection represents a major cause for concern of our law, so that the minor doesn’t sustain damage. This protection is firstly performed by the family. So, it may seem surprising that the child is victim of his family, as far as parents must act in the interests of the child. The notion of child victim of his family doesn’t exist as such in our law. The victim often endures an injury caused by a third person and not by a family member. The study of situations where the child may suffer an infringement of his personality rights, due to act or omission of one of the family members, allowed conceptualization of the notion of child victim of family. It was thus possible to characterize the different realities encountered, according to their similarities or dissimilarities. This empirical analysis led to ascertain categories of child victims of their families and the corresponding legal system. It had especially as a consequence new protection instruments research, appropriate to specifics assumptions studied. This process allowed social or family realities encountered getting to legal validity. It was also an opportunity to bring out foundations of the concept of child victim of family, in so far as law has hallowed situations of child victims of their families. However, emergence of new social realities necessitated the renewal of the concept of child victim of family, in order to alleviate the limits of the foundations of the notion and to guarantee effective representation of this phenomenon in legal speech.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Quiet Time Programme as a technique to maintain learner discipline in primary schools in Chatsworth, Durban. Data regarding the impact of the Quiet Time Programme on positive discipline was collected. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data was collected from principals, educators and learners. Three primary schools in Chatsworth were used. A quantitative research approach was used in this study. The empirical investigation revealed that there are many learner discipline issues that educators are faced with on a daily basis. The investigation also demonstrated the ineffectiveness of the alternatives to Corporal Punishment that are used at schools currently. This study introduced the Quiet Time Model. Principals, educators and learners revealed their perceptions of the Quiet Time Programme. The study concluded with the discussion of the major findings emanating from the data analysis. Recommendations have been provided to schools for drawing up their discipline policies. The role of the principals, parents, educators and learners play in creating an environment conducive to teaching and learning must be considered. Some techniques to keep all stakeholders interested and inspired in the implementation of new discipline techniques are provided. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Considérant les effets négatifs sur le développement des enfants associées à l'utilisation de châtiments corporels, un ensemble considérable de la recherche a tenté de proposer une avenue pour interrompre le cercle vicieux de la violence intergénérationnelle. Toutefois, on pourrait argumenter qu`une limitation majeure dans la plupart de ces études réside dans le fait que très peu d`entre eux ont eu comme but d`investiguer l'importance d`une troisième variable comme le sentiment de mériter le châtiment, les explications reçues sur l`équité de la peine imposée ou les attitudes qu`une personne peut garder envers cette méthode éducative. En utilisant la modélisation d'équations structurelles, la présente étude a démontré que la relation apparente entre les variables subjectives et sociodémographiques liés à l`expérience de la punition corporelle et l`intention de faire recours à cette méthode éducative en tant que parent est en fait expliquée par le rôle de médiation joué par d'autres variables telles que les attitudes à l'égard de châtiments corporels, le type de châtiments corporels, la façon dont le châtiment a été perçu par le sujet et les raisons données par l'agent pour motiver la peine infligée. La thèse principale avancée par le présent étude est à l`effet qu`une fois le rôle d`une troisième variable est considéré dans l`équation (par exemple, l'attitude envers les châtiments corporels), l'apparente relation entre les variables objectives et les résultats final, soit l`intention de recourir a la punition corporelle, disparaît. Plus précisément, comme il en résulte de l’analyse de modélisation, ce sont les médiateurs qui expliquent toute association possible entre les variables objectives et l`intention d'utiliser les châtiments corporels. C'est-à-dire, un modèle qui ne contiennent aucune liaison directe entre les variables objectives, et directement mésurables (c'est-à-dire l`âgé lors de la punition, le fait d'être un immigrant, la fréquence de la peine, le nombre d'objets utilisés, le nombre d`agents punisseurs, le sexe) et l'intention d'utiliser les châtiments corporels correspond aux données. De surcroît, parmi les quatre médiateurs pris en compte dans notre modèle, ce sont les opinions à l`égard de la punition corporelle qui possèdent la meilleure capacité prédictive en ce qui a trait à l`intention de recourir aux châtiments corporels. Finalement, afin d'étudier le profil des différences entre les sujets en fonction de leurs expériences passées avec les châtiments corporels, les explications reçues pour la peine, et leurs attitudes, une analyse par groupe a été employée. Bref, une solution en quatre groupes faisant des distinctions significatives entre les groupes a été choisie. / Considering the negative developmental findings associated with the use of parental corporal punishment, a considerable body of research has attempted to suggest an avenue for interrupting this vicious cycle of intergenerational violence. However, a major limitation in most of these studies has to do with the fact that very few of them has looked at the influence of a third variable such as the use of explanation, perceived fairness and deservedness of punishment, or the attitudes one has towards corporal punishment. By employing structural equation modelling (SEM), the present study has demonstrated that the apparent relationship between subjective and socio-demographic variables related to corporal punishment and latter intention to use it as a parent is in fact explained by the mediating role of other variables such as attitudes towards corporal punishment, type of corporal punishment, perceived reasons for punishment and reasons given for punishment by the agent. Our main contention was that when a third variable (e.g., attitude towards corporal punishment) is included in the equation, the apparent relationship between punishment variables and outcome disappears. More specifically, as it has resulted from the SEM analysis, the mediating variables explain all of the association between the objective variables and intention to use corporal punishment. That is to say, a model containing no direct paths from the independent variables (i.e., number of ages punished, being an immigrant, frequency of punishment, means of administration of corporal punishment , number of punishing agents, sex) to Intention to Use Corporal Punishment fits the data. Moreover, among the four mediators considered in our model only the attitudinal measures make a significant contribution to the prediction of intention to use corporal punishment. In addition, in order to explore the profile of differences between subjects on their past experiences with corporal punishment, explanations for punishment, and present attitudes, cluster analysis was employed. Finally, a four cluster solution that made meaningful distinctions between groups was selected for consideration. / Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées avec le logiciels SPSS 11.0(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) et AMOS 6 (Analysis of Moment Structures. La base de données de l'étude a été crée et receuillie par Caroline Despatie en collaboration avec Dr. Dianne Casoni.