242f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-07-22T17:43:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Anamaria Morales.pdf: 1765753 bytes, checksum: cb73d991b216f25f1935d4341b2d70a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-07-24T18:40:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Anamaria Morales.pdf: 1765753 bytes, checksum: cb73d991b216f25f1935d4341b2d70a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-24T18:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Anamaria Morales.pdf: 1765753 bytes, checksum: cb73d991b216f25f1935d4341b2d70a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / CAPES / O presente estudo sobre a migração de europeus para a Bahia nas últimas décadas procura explicar um movimento migratório que, não se restringindo ao móvel econômico e ao modelo comunitário, é impulsionado por processos individualizantes e uma consciência de matiz cosmopolita. Tal movimento pode ser visto como resultante da atual globalização cultural, em que a multiplicação das conexões planetárias estimula a imaginação social e incita indivíduos de todas as partes a se desterritorializarem, fazendo da mobilidade um recurso integrado aos seus projetos de vida. Analisando a vinda desses indivíduos ao Nordeste brasileiro para residir, o estudo traz à discussão, por um lado, o imaginário sobre a globalização e a emergência de uma subjetividade contemporânea , e por outro, os imaginários sobre o “outro continente” na interação entre a Europa e a América Latina, que terminam por inserir o Brasil nos projetos de vida de migrantes europeus de perfil aventureiro e cosmopolita, que vivem “lá e cá”. Buscou-se também verificar como o país se construiu como destino para aqueles que optaram por viver sua vida no hemisfério sul, para em seguida contrastar a sua vivência concreta com a “vida imaginada” no sul global. Levando em conta as dimensões subjetivas e objetivas que trazem esses europeus ao Nordeste brasileiro, vemos entrar em operação o imaginário de um mundo interconectado em que alguns países e regiões emergem enquanto outros retrocedem, numa hierarquia das nações em transformação segundo critérios que hoje contemplam a qualidade de vida, a humanização das relações interpessoais e a ampliação do espaço de realização individual, que podemos depreender do discurso dos migrantes estudados. My research on the migration of Europeans to Bahia over the last decades seeks to clarify a migratory movement which , while not restricted to economic motivations or a community pattern , results from rather individualizing processes and a new “cosmopolitan consciousness”. Such movement can be seen as an outcome of present cultural globalization, whereby the multiple planetary connections stimulate social imagination and induce individuals all over the world to deterritorialize themselves making mobility part and parcel of their life projects. This study brings into discussion the imaginaries on globalization and the emergence, on the one hand, of a contemporary subjectivity, and, on the other hand, of new representations on “the other continent” in the interaction between Europe and Latin America, that have inserted Brazil in the plans of migrants with a relatively adventurous and cosmopolitan profile. It was a main purpose to see how the country was built as a destination for those who chose to live in the south hemisphere, for later to contrast their concrete experiences with their “imagined lives” in the global south. Taking into account both the objective and subjective dimensions that bring those Europeans to the Brazilian Northeast , one sees coming into operation the traditional narrative of our interconnected world , wherein some countries and regions emerge while others “submerge”. Such a hierarchy of nations apparently is now undergoing change on account of new subjective criteria that value aspects such as “quality of life”, the humanization of interpersonal relationships and the widening of self-accomplishment perspectives. All this can be drawn from the discourse of the migrants under study. / Salvador

Humanitarian interventions tend to be justified by claims to the existence of an obligation upon ‘us' (the benevolent saviours) to intervene militarily when a state is responsible for large-scale atrocity crimes against its own population. However, this justification is paradoxical, given that there is rarely held to exist a commensurate obligation to address structural violence (even when ‘we' may be partly responsible for, or complicit within, structures that are violent). The paradox arises because structural violence can be harmful – even evil – in its own right, and can also lead to – or exacerbate – direct violence. Hence, intervening militarily, and inevitably causing further harm in the act of intervening, results in a moral shortfall. This shortfall is indicative of a prevailing understanding of harm that is blind to the potential for structures to be violent. In responding to the paradox, I adopt a critical cosmopolitan perspective to argue that because structural violence can be harmful on a great scale, and because it is co-constitutive of direct violence, we ought not to countenance intervening with the use of military force (with what this brings in the form of inevitable intended and unintended harm) to stop direct violence without also considering and addressing violent structures, especially if they are violent structures that we are, ourselves, embedded within. Therefore, it is morally imperative to engage in an ongoing process of illumination and addressing of evil structures to rectify the harms they cause, alongside any efforts to stem direct violence, if any sort of intervention is to be legitimate and just. This requires us to a) expand our understanding of harm and evil at the global level, and b) engage in consistent and sustained deliberative processes that bring to the forefront structural violence and structural underpinnings of direct violence.

The problem of world poverty is appalling in human terms. Almost half of all the humankind lives below the poverty line of $2 per day, whereas affluent parts of the world continue to enjoy enormous technological and economical progress. In the light of such discrepancy, the debate in political philosophy regarding “global justice” has renewed significance. The current debate between those who agree global justice is important, is those who think that positive duties towards poor is enough, and those who think that morality requires a re-designation of the ground rules operating at the global level. The Cosmopolitan view grounds its theoretical framework in this second view. This study aims to analyse if, and how, the normative debate in the European Parliament reflects the assumptions, arguments and considerations of the Cosmopolitan approach. This study identifies central concepts of the Cosmopolitan approach, and then analyses how these concepts are discussed in the European Parliamentary debates. In addition, I identify who discusses what in the parliamentary debates. The analysis reveals how Cosmopolitan ideas are reflected in the discourse within the debates, and the second dimension identifies which party groups discuss and hold which key concepts of Cosmopolitanism.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-04-18T18:35:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Ana Cristina Costa Barreto.pdf: 48970193 bytes, checksum: 46e957d6b053cb258379855173a395dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T18:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Ana Cristina Costa Barreto.pdf: 48970193 bytes, checksum: 46e957d6b053cb258379855173a395dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-04 / CAPES / The global transformations occurring in modernity have led to the emergence of new challenges and the need to search for new perspectives on stakeholder participation in the international system. Particularly, the inclusion of new issues within the WTO rules, within the multilateral trading system is fundamental to the pursuit of well-being of people take a central role in the discussions, and sustainable development is achieved from the respect and balance between human beings and the market. The paper attempted to analyze the TRIPS Agreement and its relationship with the right to access to medicines, assessing the possibility that the relaxation of its rules be considered a demonstration of the relevance of human rights in international trade. To achieve this objective, the first analysis of the evolution of the system of protection of intellectual property was critical to understanding the formation of the international IP regime that culminated in the TRIPS Agreement. In sequence, the problem of access to medicines was presented from the considerations about the social responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry and the implications caused by the TRIPS Agreement, regarding the need to be envisioned an international policy aimed at ensuring universal access to products the pharmaceutical industry, thus revealing the existence of a relationship between the work of international organizations, including the World Trade Organization and Human Rights. Finally, from the point of view of modern cosmopolitanism from the demonstration that the internationalization of human rights can be understood as a reassertion of humanism found that to change the paradigms of intellectual property and particularly patent pharmaceutical, it is essential to define the social role of the pharmaceutical industry, understanding the conditions of access to drugs is regarded as a matter subject to humanitarian protection. / As transformações globais ocorridas na modernidade têm provocado o surgimento de novos desafios e a necessidade de busca por novas perspectivas na participação dos atores no sistema internacional. Particularmente, a inclusão de novos temas no âmbito das regras da OMC, dentro do sistema multilateral de comércio, é fundamental para que a busca pelo bem-estar do homem tome papel central nas discussões, e o desenvolvimento sustentável seja alcançado a partir do respeito e do equilíbrio entre ser humano e mercado. A dissertação se propôs a analisar o Acordo TRIPS e sua relação com o direito ao acesso a medicamentos, avaliando a possibilidade de que a flexibilização de suas normas ser considerada uma demonstração da relevância dos Direitos Humanos no âmbito do comércio internacional. Visando tal objetivo, inicialmente a análise da evolução do sistema de proteção da Propriedade Intelectual foi fundamental para compreender formação do regime internacional de PI que culminou com o Acordo TRIPS. Em sequência, a problemática do acesso a medicamentos foi apresentada a partir das considerações acerca da responsabilidade social da indústria farmacêutica e das implicações provocadas pelo Acordo TRIPS, no que tange à necessidade de ser vislumbrada uma política internacional que vise a garantia do acesso universal aos produtos da indústria farmacêutica, evidenciando assim a existência de uma relação entre a atuação de organismos internacionais, entre os quais a Organização Mundial do Comércio e os Direitos Humanos. Por fim, sob o ponto de vista do cosmopolitismo moderno, a partir da demonstração de que a internacionalização dos Direitos Humanos pode ser compreendida como a reafirmação do Humanismo constatou-se que para a mudança dos paradigmas relativos à propriedade intelectual e, particularmente, à patente farmacêutica, é imprescindível a definição do papel social da indústria farmacêutica, a compreensão de que as condições de acesso a medicamentos sejam consideradas matéria sujeita à proteção humanitária.

This thesis entitled "Discipline and Sociability: Foundations of Moral Education of Children in Kant" has as its object of study the Critical Philosophy and, in particular, the booklet Kant on Education (Über Pädagogik) compiled by Friedrich Theodor Rink, a disciple of Immanuel Kant, from notes taken in lessons of pedagogy taught by the philosopher in the courses of 1776/77, 1783/84 and 1786/87, at the University of Königsberg. In Kant's lectures we find the most complete picture of what the philosopher thought about pedagogy, and in this text are contained a number of quotations about childhood. The objective of the research was to develop a detailed study of the booklet, performing its comparison with several works of the critical system, in order to identify the foundations that constitute a Moral Pedagogy of Childhood in Kant. It started from the following thesis: There is a childhood pedagogy in Kant and the foundations for morality are based on two pillars: discipline and sociability. Three guiding questions were elaborated and answered during the course: How are disciplines, sociability and autonomy related to each other and to the whole of critical philosophy? How do they become pillars around which morality develops, from childhood? How can a project of cosmopolitan education contribute to this moral formation? The results point to the confirmation of the thesis and indicate that the Kantian pedagogy is backed up in the critical philosophy characterizing itself as a transcendental pedagogy and contemplating the character of a Kantian Philosophy of History. / La presente tesis intitulada “Disciplina y Sociabilidad: Fundamentos de una Pedagogía Moral de la Infancia en Kant” tiene como objeto de estudio la Filosofía Crítica y, en especial, el opúsculo Pedagogía (Über Pädagogik) compilado por Friedrich Theodoro Rink, discípulo de Immanuel Kant, a partir de las notas tomadas en las lecciones de pedagogía ministradas por el filósofo en los cursos de 1776/77, 1783/84 y 1786/87, en la Universidad de Königsberg. En las prelecciones de Kant se encuentra el panorama más completo de aquello que el filósofo pensaba acerca de la Pedagogía y, en este texto, están contenidas varias citaciones sobre la infancia. El objetivo de la investigación fue desarrollar un estudio profundizado del opúsculo, realizando su cotejamiento con diversas obras del sistema crítico, con la finalidad de identificar los fundamentos que constituyen una Pedagogía Moral de la Infancia en Kant. Se partió de la siguiente tesis: Hay una pedagogía de la infancia en Kant y los fundamentos para la moralidad se asientan en dos pilares: disciplina y sociabilidad. Tres cuestiones orientadoras fueron elaboradas y respondidas durante el recorrido: ¿Cómo están disciplina, sociabilidad y autonomía relacionadas entre si y en el conjunto de la filosofía crítica? ¿Cómo se vuelven pilares en torno de los cuales se desarrollada la moralidad, desde la Infancia ? ¿Cómo un proyecto de educación cosmopolita puede venir a contribuir para esa formación moral? Los resultados apuntan para la confirmación de la tesis e indican que la pedagogía kantiana se encuentra respaldada en la filosofía crítica caracterizándose como una pedagogía transcendental y contemplando el carácter de una Filosofía de la Historia kantiana. / A presente tese intitulada “Disciplina e Sociabilidade: Fundamentos de uma Pedagogia Moral da Infância em Kant” tem como objeto de estudo a Filosofia Crítica e, em especial, o opúsculo Sobre a Pedagogia (Über Pädagogik) compilado por Friedrich Theodoro Rink, discípulo de Immanuel Kant, a partir das notas tomadas nas lições de pedagogia ministradas pelo filósofo nos cursos de 1776/77, 1783/84 e 1786/87, na Universidade de Königsberg. Nas preleções de Kant encontra-se o panorama mais completo daquilo que o filósofo pensava acerca da pedagogia e, neste texto, estão contidas várias citações sobre a infância. O objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver um estudo aprofundado do opúsculo, realizando seu cotejamento com diversas obras do sistema crítico, com a finalidade de identificar os fundamentos que constituem uma Pedagogia Moral da Infância em Kant. Partiu-se da seguinte tese: Há uma pedagogia da infância em Kant e os fundamentos para a moralidade se assentam em dois pilares: disciplina e sociabilidade. Três questões norteadoras foram elaboradas e respondidas durante o percurso: Como disciplina, sociabilidade e autonomia estão relacionadas entre si e no conjunto da filosofia crítica? Como se tornam pilares em torno dos quais se desenvolve a moralidade, desde a infância? Como um projeto de educação cosmopolita pode vir a contribuir para essa formação moral? Os resultados apontam para a confirmação da tese e indicam que a pedagogia kantiana se encontra respaldada na filosofia crítica caracterizando-se como uma pedagogia transcendental e contemplando o caráter de uma Filosofia da História kantiana.

The objective of this essay is to look at two cases where the debate rages regarding whether or not to restitute stolen art back to the states from which it was originally stolen. By looking at the debate in each country the essay focuses on gaining understanding in how one state might decide upon returning the cultural treasures and the other refuses to. In assisting the analysis of the debate, theories from social constructivism, norms and ideas of different national identities are assessed. More closely, this essay tries to examine the different ideas of national identity (Imperial Cosmopolitanism and Egalitarian Cosmopolitanism) and analyze the domestic interpretations of the international norm on restitution of plundered treasures that follow from these identities. In doing so, states of interest, Sweden and Great Britain, are chosen and the theoretical model for analysis developed by Bacchi (2010) will be used in order to present ―the problem‖, the causes to the problem and the solutions provided to solve the problem. Thereby, the essay aims to show how the actions, behavior and arguments of these states, in the question of restitution, are greatly dependant on the differences in the ideas of national identity that each state might possess or have inherited from past.

La thèse, intitulée Une ville cosmopolite, de l’écologie urbaine aux politiques, prend pour questionnement de départ les modalités d’articulation des dimensions urbaine et politique du cosmopolitisme. La première partie est consacrée à l’approche théorique de cette articulation à partir des écrits de R. E Park et des approches contemporaines du cosmopolitisme en sociologie urbaine et en philosophie politique, et propose une approche sociologique du cosmopolitisme. Celle-ci est mise à l’épreuve de l’enquête, à laquelle est consacrée la seconde partie, qui suit les mobilisations urbaines à Bruxelles des années 1960 à aujourd’hui et étudie ces modalités d’articulation des dimensions urbaine et politique du cosmopolitisme, afin de questionner le rôle de la ville dans l’émergence d’un cosmopolitisme politique. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In today’s globalised world, everyday life becomes increasingly “liquid” - changing and fragile - as individuals continuously adapt their lifestyle and behaviour to global influences (Bauman 2000). To provide a general framework for understanding this world, Appadurai (1996) introduces five “dimensions” of global flows in his seminal work Modernity At Large: ethnoscapes, financescapes, mediascapes, ideoscapes, and technoscapes. One of them, the ethnoscapes, refers to the increased mobility of individuals and peoples, impacting their cultural affiliations and social networks. <p>The focus of this thesis lies on international, cross-border migrants, the primary representatives of these uprooted individuals. Studying migrants’ consumption behaviour provides a better understanding of the issues faced by all members of liquid life in terms of consumption behaviour, whether they are migrants or not, by referring to its most extreme cases.<p>The present dissertation addresses migrant consumer research through an original angle. It suggests that international migrants position themselves in the global mediascapes of cosmopolitanism and transmigrant communities by activating different consumption discourses. This approach offers a solution to previous ambiguous categorisations of international migrants by relying on self-categorisation across national and cultural boundaries instead of outside-defined sociodemographic or geopolitical criteria. In addition to providing a typology based on the migrants’ strategies of positioning that explains global consumer acculturation, the results allow for a disambiguation of the notions of immigrants, globals and cosmopolitans.<p>The contribution of the dissertation lies in its contrast to existing research, and is therefore more adapted to the liquidity of our modern world. Indeed, the field of consumer research as much as political discourse or companies tend to categorise international migrants according to socioeconomic or geopolitical criteria, such as education, duration of stay or ethnic origin. While consumer research often views low-skilled immigrants in light of specific ethnic groups (Peñaloza 1994, Oswald 1999, Üçok 2007), cross-cultural samples represent the preferred approach to highly-skilled expatriates (Thompson and Tambyah 1999). Consumer research addresses and considers these categories of migrants differently, a questionable postulation in light of global flows which render movement across nations more complex and lead to mixed and multiple cultural affiliations. <p>The main research question to answer in the present thesis is: How do international migrants use consumption behaviour to make sense of their experience? Its broad character allows for new insights and approaches to emerge, both on the side of existing literature and on the empirical side. <p>The dissertation initiates the answer by a first review of the literature. The review highlights gaps and contradictions which can be found in the literature centred on international migrants and their consumption behaviour. The explanation of the context of this research encompasses the definition of consumer culture as well as of globalisation. Indeed, consumption as a discourse plays a role especially in terms of the subscription to a particular group; individuals use consumption to communicate, to express their affiliation with a family, or a place, to situate their identity in their universe (Douglas and Isherwood 1979). These issues change in the global context, and therefore need review. Migration research constitutes the second chapter of the literature review. It presents on the one hand the people endeavouring migration, and on the other, illustrates the various models explaining migration as a process. <p>Based on this review, the research question transforms, splitting it into three elements, each focusing on one element: cultural affiliations, migrant networks and consumer acculturation. The consequent empirical part aims at answering these three questions through three separate, though complementary, research phases, which rely on in-depth interviews, focus groups and observations. Each phase predominantly addressed one research question, though all three elements remain present in all phases. <p>Different types of consumption discourses emerge; in the case of a focus on products of home and/or host culture, three locality discourses develop. Seven globality discourses integrate global and other foreign products in the equation. International migrants seem to use these locality and globality discourses to position themselves in today’s liquid world. They can consequently be compared to the twelve worlds that are presented by Rosenau (2004) as positioning strategies resulting from global “fragmegration”, that is, the difficulty of integrating fragmented and contradictory elements of global societies. <p>The contribution of this dissertation lies in the integration of more diversity in the concepts of cultural affiliations, migrant networks and consumer acculturation. Consequently, the locality and globality discourses provide indications as to the acculturation strategies possible for its members.<p>Doing so, this thesis integrates debates of the local and the global, immigrants versus expatriates, integration versus acculturation, a comparison of interest to both researchers and marketers. On a theoretical level, the thesis provides thus a more generalised view on international migrants, incorporating previous categories. It provides practical solutions, both on a political and on a managerial level. The provided typology enables policy-makers and managers to better understand the new tendencies and problematics inherent to international migration and to address migrants in a way taking into account their actual affiliations and networks. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Ce travail est un portrait croisé de deux médecins modernes établis en milieux portuaires. D’un côté Paul-Victor Desèze (1754-1830) médecin catholique bordelais, de l’autre Benedetto Frizzi (1756-1844) médecin lombard de confession juive, installé dans le port de Trieste. Dans cette étude, il s’agit de comparer les pratiques de sociabilité des deux individus et d’identifier leurs principaux réseaux de relations afin de mettre en évidence la fonction centrale que tend à occuper le médecin dans les sociétés modernes et l’évolution de son statut. Pour ce faire, la première partie des recherches se concentrent sur la formation du médecin et son ancrage dans les sphères universitaires et scientifiques. Puis, la seconde phase du travail revient sur l’insertion et l’évolution du médecin dans la société civile et urbaine à travers sa fréquentation de lieux de sociabilité scientifiques, culturels ou politiques tels que les académies, les loges ou les sociétés. Ainsi, il est possible de constater que la figure du médecin devient un acteur protéiforme essentiel à la pérennité des sociétés modernes. A la fois actif et impliqué dans son environnement quotidien en étant très attaché à la diffusion de certains principes comme l’éducation, l’hygiène ou le progrès, il se fait aussi, à une plus grande échelle, le vecteur de notions plus universelles telles que la tolérance, la fraternité et le bonheur. Par conséquent, l’objectif final de ce travail est de reformuler et de repenser le concept de cosmopolitisme en donnant, à travers la figure du médecin, une nouvelle acceptation, concrète et effective de l’homme cosmopolite. / This study is a double portrait of 2 doctors settled in ports cities. In one hand Paul-Victor Desèze (1754-1830) a catholic doctor from Bordeaux, and, in an other hand Benedetto Frizzi (1756-1844) a jewish doctor from Lombardy, but living in Trieste. Our goal is to rebuild, to analyse the social practice of this 2 men and to identify their relationship networks in order to understand the central function of medicine end doctors in européen modern society. To tha end, the first part of the research focus on the medical training and the integration of the doctor in the academic and scientific areas. Then, the second part of the study focus on the doctor’s career development in modern society through their attendance to places like academies, club, salon, loge. So, we can state that the doctor is becoming an essential social player. He takes a really active part in his own social environment in order to fix daily issues and, at the same time, he convey new values like tolerance, brotherhood and happiness. To conclude, this comparative study has to show that, in the XVIIIe century, doctors develop a lifestyle that we could consider like an active demonstration of a cosmopolitan state of mind.

Comment transformer la structure des relations internationales ? La structure des relations internationales se définit par l’absence de détenteur de la force légitime condamnant les nations à vivre dans un état semi-anarchique composé par le cycle de la guerre et de la paix.Pour résoudre ce problème, problème de la guerre et de la paix parmi les nations, nous convoquerons le modèle de la cosmopolitique, ancêtre de la sécurité collective, union des États et idéal d’une paix perpétuelle légitime et légale. En raison des failles de la cosmopolitique kantienne, et après une étude des grandes théories du cosmopolitisme contemporain – soit la démocratie cosmopolitique, le cosmopolitisme libéral et le cosmopolitisme républicain – nous tâcherons de défendre un projet d’union fédérale cosmopolitique formée par une Assemblée mondiale et une Cour de justice afin d’étendre la légalité, la publicité et la civilité – les trois principes de l’espace public – aux relations internationales. Comment faire émerger, dans le respect de la pluralité des nations, de la liberté des peuples, un espace public mondial grâce à une union cosmopolitique afin de matérialiser l’idéal de la paix perpétuelle ?Mots clés : cosmopolitisme, cosmopolitique, nationalisme, nation, État, État-nation, souveraineté, citoyenneté, espace public, légalité, publicité, civilité, mondialisation, modèle westphalien, sécurité collective, ONU, justice globale, société civile, fédéralisme, guerre et paix / How can the structure of international relations be transformed? The structure of international relations is defined by the absence of legitimate force and centralized executive power, which constrains nations to live in a semi-anarchical state characterized by a cycle of war and peace.To confront this problem – the problem of war and peace among nations – we will resort to the cosmopolitical model, the forerunner of collective security. Cosmopolitical is a union of States, the purpose of which is a legitimate and legal perpetual peace. Because of a number of flaws in kantian cosmopolitanism, and after a review of the main, contemporary theories in cosmopolitanism – cosmopolitan democracy, liberal cosmopolitanism and republican cosmopolitanism – we will defend a project of a federal, cosmopolitan union based on a worldwide Assembly and a Court of justice. Our goal is to adapt legality, publicity and civility – the three main principles of a public space – to international relations.How can we create – thanks to a cosmopolitan union – a worldwide public space, respectful of the liberty and plurality of people and nations, in order to make the project of perpetual peace happen?Key words : cosmopolitanism, cosmopolitical, nationalism, nation, state, nation-state, sovereignity, citizenship, public space, publicity, civility, globalization, westphalian model, collective security, United-Nations, global justice, federalism, war, peace