Mainstream contemporary phenomenology understands the phenomenology of movement and dance through ”the lived body” of Merleau-Ponty. This paper rather suggests a phenomenology of movement and dance based on an understanding through ”the danced body” with ability to meta-feeling. It is here argued that we need to use a phenomenology of dance to understand the phenomenon of movement whatsoever. Three dimensions of our bodily dance experience are described: “the body’s centre”, “the danced body” and “the room of the dancer”. A discriminating distinction between eight types of movement experiences is proposed.

The field of video game studies has through later years shown a growing interest in game's spatialfeatures, along with their narrative implications. By introducing earlier findings of spatialmanifestations of dreams and psychological content in narrative works, with regards to their medialrepresentation into this discussion, I hope to conjoin video game research (better known asludology) with a line of psychoanalytic inquiry, which hitherto seems to have been left unexploredwithin media research.    While establishing a viewpoint through the interdisciplinary field of media research andpsychoanalysis, my intention is to broach a discussion on the possibilities of expanding itsviewpoints and theoretical frameworks unto the video game medium. In the present thesis I will forthis purpose center the discussion on the dreamlike Portal games, developed by Valve Corporation,which manages to enact a psychologically interesting narrative content largely through its spatialfeatures, as well as their game mechanics.    The psychoanalytic approach I intend to adopt for this study will, apart from taking mediaspecifications into account, also necessarily, following Gilles Deleuzes and Félix Guattaris focus onthe historical-political situation in their critique of earlier psychoanalytic inquiry, be directedtowards a societal context while addressing the individual works. I will thus, while analyzingspatial-psychological implications of works in different media, be regarding contemporary topics ofcultural phenomena and theories on human psychology as important factors for the forms ofexpression and thematic content, which contemporary cultural artifacts may take.    The term transmediality, which below will be discussed in appliance to psychoanalytic inquiry,refers in this thesis to the definition outlined by the literary scholar Irina Rajewsky, who situates itsemergence in an ongoing development in the field of the interconnected narratology and intermedialstudy, in which I hope to engage and contribute.

Eine heftig geführte und lang dauernde philosophische Debatte wurde im 20. Jahrhundert um die Aufklärung geführt, um das wissenschaftliche Denken, um die Rationalität überhaupt. Das 20. Jahrhundert war das Jahrhundert der "Kritik der wissenschaftlichen Vernunft", sowohl im Sinne einer Prüfung methodischer Rationalität wie auch als Absetzbewegung davon. In der zweiten Hälfte des Jahrhunderts hat dieser Streit oft die Form eines deutsch-französischen Zwists angenommen, mit Anklägern und Verteidigern beiderseits des Rheins. Descartes und die Philosophie der Subjektivität bildete oft den Einsatz in diesem Streit, Leibniz spielte dagegen kaum eine Rolle, obwohl er nicht minder als Vertreter des klassischen Rationalismus galt. Bemerkenswert ist auf französischer Seite zuletzt ein durchaus emphatisches Bekenntnis zum Leibnizianismus von Gilles Deleuze, der 1988 Leibniz als barocken Denker der Falte apostrophierte. Leibniz als postmoderner oder poststrukturalistischer Philosoph? Wo steht Leibniz im 20. Jahrhundert und in der Debatte um Rationalität? Diesen Fragen soll der folgende Text nachgehen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist mitzudenken, daß Martin Heidegger in langjähriger Auseinandersetzung mit Leibniz dessen Rationalismus ähnlich emphatisch wie Deleuze rezipierte, allerdings mit negativem Vorzeichen und als Teil seiner geschichtsphilosophischen Abwertung traditioneller Metaphysik. Heidegger überführt die klassische Vernunft mittels einer Kritik an Leibnizens "Satz vom Grund" der philosophischen Unzulänglichkeit. So ist offenbar im Rationalismusproblem des 20. Jahrhunderts eine Leibniz-Rezeption versteckt, deren Streitwert noch gehoben werden muß.

Le phénomène de la création dans le cadre d’un discours sur la création – la production littéraire et artistique – ne va pas de soi. La tâche de le circonscrire comme un objet est antinomique : l’expérience du discours est en soi une création. Alors que le langage écrit semble au plus souvent «supprimer» l’auteur, le processus de création implique un «Je» créateur qui pense, qui se transforme, qui vit et dont la pensée s’imbrique à son objet qui, quant à lui, est «supprimé»; car il n’est pas extérieur à la pensée mais en relation avec elle. Ce travail, qui démontre le rapport complexe entre l’objet, la critique, le sujet et le commentaire, se penche donc sur l’«avant», le «pendant» et l’«après» de la création, dans un acte de mémoire, qui découle d’une performance littéraire sur la création. Des forces motrices informes et inconscientes, à la mise en forme jusqu’à la transmission, qui lui redonne un caractère d’informe, la création est en mouvement, comme le savoir est toujours prisonnier d’un «work in progress». Tributaire d’Antonin Artaud, le texte s’inscrit à partir de l’artiste en guise d’archétype existentiel, et s’y réfère constamment pour témoigner de la création sans la détacher de la vie et de ses expériences. Pour accéder au mystère du processus de création, lié à la pensée subjective, inobjectivable et irréductible au discours linéaire, ce travail met l’accent sur les associations de la pensée qui procède, exprimées par un «Je» exemplaire omniprésent, tatoué par l’expérience, mais à la position ambiguë à titre d’auteur. Processus de vie, de pensée et de création sont non seulement entremêlés, mais traversés par le champ du tout autre, historique, mondial et social, en perpétuelle évolution. Le rôle du créateur n’est pas de ne créer qu’à partir des connaissances extérieures à lui, mais à partir de lui-même – de son moi multiple et de sa pensée imprégnée de lectures et de ce qui le traverse et l’habite dans un temps donné – pour aboutir à la mise en forme d’un texte cohérent, d’une gravure particulière de l’esprit en marche vers le savoir, qui se situe toujours dans le devenir. / The creation phenomenon within a discourse on creation – the literary and artistic production – is not self-evident. The task to define it as an object is antinomic; the experience of discourse is in itself creative. While written language seems often to “suppress” the author, the creation process actually implies a creative “self” who thinks, lives and transforms itself, and whose thoughts are overlapping into its object, which is thus “suppressed” because it is not outside of thought, but bound to it. This work, showing the complex relationship between object, criticism, subject and comment, is focussed on the “before”, “during” and “after” portions of the creative process, in an act of memory that stems from a literary performance about creation. From the shapeless and unconscious forces at its origin, to the its shaping, and then transmission, which gives it back its shapeless form feature, creation is in motion as knowledge is always captive of the work in progress. Tributary of Antonin Artaud, the text acts as an existentialist archetype of the artist and refers to him constantly to show creation without separating it from life and its experiences. To access the mystery of the creative process, linked to subjective, non-objectivable tought irreducible to linear discourse, this work focuses on the associations within the mind that proceeds, expressed through an ever present and exemplary “self”, tainted by experience, but in the ambiguous position of author. The processes of life, thought and creation are not only intertwined but infused by the “outside”, which is historical, global, social and in perpetual evolution. The creator's function is not to create based solely on his external knowledge, but from within himself – from his multiple selves and his mind filled by what he reads, what goes through his mind and inhabits him at a given time – to eventually shape a coherent text, a specific engraving of the soul as it marches towards the knowledge always hiding in the becoming.

Un film problématise en images et en sons ce dont il traite. Le type d’analyse faisant apparaître cette relation étroite entre les formes du contenu et les formes de l’expression est l’analyse figurative. En voici la méthode exposée par Nicole Brenez en 1998 dans De la figure en général et du corps en particulier. Tout d’abord, il doit être admis que le film prime sur son contexte. Ensuite, les composantes d’un film sont des éléments. Puis, ces éléments sont autant de questions. Enfin, le cinéma problématise ce dont il traite. Seulement, ces quatre présupposés ne vont pas de soi. Ils induisent un double mouvement : le film pose des exigences à l’analyse que seule l’analyse rend visibles. Ce double mouvement dépasse le film pour questionner le cinéma. Cette thèse a pour but de démontrer que, d’une part, l’analyse figurative trouve ses fondements dans l’histoire du cinéma et que, d’autre part, grâce à des analyses figuratives, nous pouvons mettre à jour des changements dans le fonctionnement des images, du montage, des personnages. La méthodologie de l’analyse filmique repose par conséquent sur une étude historico-esthétique des formes cinématographiques. Or, ces formes sont autant de façons de penser le cinéma et de penser au cinéma. C’est précisément la circulation entre les formes du contenu, les formes de l’expression et les formes de l’analyse qui rend visible ce champ sensible d’expérimentations qu’est le film – une pensée-cinéma. / What is a cinematographic thought? A film theorized with images and sounds what it is dealing with. The methodology of film analysis which reveals that close relationship between images, sounds and thought is figurative. It was exposed in Nicole Brenez De la figure en général et du corps en particulier in 1998. First, the analyst must consider that the film is more important than its context. Next, its components shall be understood as elements. Then, those elements are regarded as questions. Finally, the film has to be considered as an interrogation of its subject. However, those four steps aren’t necessarily clear. They lead to a double thought: the film forces the analysis to include elements that are only made visible with the analysis. This double thought goes beyond the film and questions cinema itself. This study’s aim is to prove that a figurative analysis finds its foundations within the history of cinema, and due to these analyses, the changes regarding the construction of the image, editing, and character can be revealed. This methodology lies on an historical and aesthetic study of the cinematographic forms. Those forms are the way cinema thinks. Emerging from this relationship of a form, its expression, and its analysis is a sensitive field of experimentations: a cinematographic thought. / Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'Université de Provence au sein du département d’études cinématographiques, U.F.R. Lettres et Arts, L.E.S.A. École doctorale Lettres, Langues et Arts. Soutenue publiquement à l'Université de Provence le 16 juillet 2010. Mention très honorable, félicitations du jury

In Peter Weiss debut Från ö till ö (1947) the ‘I’ travels from island to island as a castaway. The island here can signify, or work as a synecdoche for exile and the feeling of isolation that exile often induces. But the movement from island to island also implies a restless state: Peter Weiss shifting from painting to writing to filmmaking and theatre, from German to Swedish and then back to German. The years during exile and the years that followed the exile until his breakthrough in Germany with Schatten des körpers des Kütchens (1960), Abschied von den Eltern (1961) and Fluchtpunkt (1962), were the formative years of Peter Weiss authorship. In Sweden he abandoned a Hesse-influenced new-romanticism – an aesthetical and political dead-end in the 1940s – and oriented towards the Swedish modernists – fyrtiotalisterna – discovered psychoanalysis and became politically “aware”. These happenings – or machines as this essay likes to view them – all influenced and produced Weiss Swedish prose which is this essay’s main focus. Following Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari this essay understands Weiss Swedish authorship as a minor authorship. As Franz Kafka was in the German language, Peter Weiss was a stranger in Swedish and in Sweden, a “foreign bird” as one critic calls him. As a minor writer he is a political writer, the political realities are connected to him, his half-Jewish body is intertwined in the (bio)political realities of mid-century Germany; and those realities are visible in his prose, even if he himself, or his contemporaries, see him as an unpolitical author. Therefore there is no unpolitical and political period in the œuvre of Peter Weiss. Instead there are different flows and movements, from the political, from the production of the psychoanalytic-, modernist- and romantic-machine among others. There are lines of flights, deterritorialization and reterritorialization. This essay aims to follow some of these lines in the Swedish prose of Peter Weiss.

Du point de vue de l'expérience, l'intensité désigne ordinairement une force ou une puissance entendue dans leur acception purement sensorielle ou sensitive, comme ce qui peut amener les sens à leurs limites. Or, certaines œuvres d'art nous font parfois faire des expériences intenses et fortes, sans cependant en appeller systématiquement à nos sens, sans proposer aucun objet à voir ou à sentir, voire même en se présentant simplement en une expérience de pensée. C'est ce paradoxe qui nous a amenés à nous interroger sur l'imperceptible, désignant par là le caractère à la fois insensible et intense de l'expérience esthétique. Notre esthétique de l'intensité se fonde sur une interprétation phénoménologique de cette dernière en la définissant comme expérience « charnelle », au sens du dernier Merleau-Ponty, c'est-à-dire comme ce qui fait toucher au seul sens d'être, à l'il y a. L'intense prend alors une dimension ontologique en tant qu'il incarne la puissance interne de différenciation du sensible comme source de tension, de variations et de différences. Nous partons des œuvres de V. Woolf et de Cl. Royet-Journoud, pour explorer l'écriture comme lieu d'expérience du sens naissant ; puis nous interrogeons la dimension intense des expériences quasi-imperceptibles à l'œuvre dans les arts plastiques et visuels, chez M. Duchamp, B. Nauman, D. Graham, M. Abramovic ou R. Smithson. Nous montrons ensuite, à travers les philosophies de Merleau-Ponty, Deleuze et Jean-Luc Nancy, que la pensée peut constituer en elle-même une expérience intense, en élucidant simultanément l'idée même d'intensité. / From the point of view of experience, intensity generally designates a certain force or power that we understand in a purely sensorial or sensory fashion, as something that can takes our senses to their limits. Yet certain works of art offer us experiences that are intense and powerful without systematically calling upon our senses, without offering any particular object to be seen, or sensed. Sometimes, they are just presented as a an experience of thinking. It is this paradox that has prodded us into exploring the imperceptible. In this particular instance, that means the character of our esthetic experience that is both “in-sensitive” and intense. Our esthetics of intensity is founded on a phenomenological interpretation of the latter, defining it as a “carnal” experience, such as the later-period Merleau-Ponty envisaged it, implying that which touches the unique sense of being, the “there is”. The “intense” then takes on an ontological dimension, in so far as it embodies the internal force of differentiation of the “sensitive” as a source of tension, of variations and of differences. We shall begin our interrogation with the works of Virginia Woolf and Claude Royet-Journoud, in order to explore writing as a locus for experiencing newly-born senses. Then, we shall question the intense dimension of quasi-imperceptible experiences that are at work in the visual and the fine arts, looking at M. Duchamp, B. Nauman, M. Abramovic or R. Smithson. Finally, we shall demonstrate, through the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty, G. Deleuze and Jean-Luc Nancy, that thought in itself, can constitute an intense experience, by simultaneously elucidating the idea of intensity itself.

[pt] A presente dissertação faz parte da linha de pesquisa Novos Cenários da Escrita e investiga as relações entre corpo e arte contemporânea, propondo aproximações entre uma ideia de espectro e os conceitos devir-imperceptível (cf. Deleuze e Guattari) e infraleve (cf. Marcel Duchamp). Provocada por algumas obras de artistas contemporâneos (Silueta Series, de Ana Mendieta, The Ruins of Detroit, de Marchand e Meffre, a exposição Contemporáneo 30, de Elba Bairon, e Underlie 04, de Marc Atkins), realiza uma leitura das mesmas, atravessada por esses conceitos. / [en] This dissertation is part of the research line New Scenes for Writing and relates body and contemporary art, proposing similarities between a certain idea of spectrum and two concepts: becoming-imperceptible (as in Deleuze and Guattari) and infrathin (as in Marcel Duchamp). Provoked by a few works from contemporary artists (Siluetas Series, by Ana Mendieta, The Ruins of Detroit, by Marchand and Meffre, Contemporáneo 30, by Elba Barion, and Underlie 04, by Mark Atkins), it makes a reading effort of them, crossed by these concepts.

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de discussão sobre a questão dos métodos aplicados à pesquisa científica na área das ciências humanas. Buscou-se identificar os pontos de aproximação e distanciamento entre ciência e arte, para analisar de que forma a produção artística pode contribuir com a pesquisa, de que modo estes dois campos do saber dialogam e quais são as suas possíveis interseções. Mais especificamente, esta dissertação propõe o uso do método do cut-up, formulado por William Burroughs, e da estética dos fanzines como afirmação das potências do falso e do simulacro, conceitos da filosofia de Gilles Deleuze. O trabalho se baseia também na noção de montagem cinematográfica e na sua relação com o cut-up, já que ambos podem operar como mecanismo articulador fundamental que justapõe imagens e textos para priorizar os efeitos de choque visual, de fragmentação, de imagens sujas e borradas que são comuns aos fanzines e a uma certa produção cinematográfica. / This work presents a discussion proposal for the question of the methods applied to scientific research in the human sciences field. The attempt was to identify the points of approach and distance between science and art, to analyze how artistic production may contribute to research, how this two fields of knowledge dialogue and which are their possible intersections. More specifically, this master thesis prompts the use of cut-up method, formulated by William Burroughs, and fanzines aesthetics, as an affirmation of the powers of the false and the simulacrum, concepts of the philoshophy of Gilles Deleuze. The work is also based on the notion of movie editing and its relation with cut-up, as both of them may operate as a prime joining mechanism which juxtaposes imagens and texts to stress visual impact, fragmentation, dirty and blurred image effects common to fanzines and a certain cinematographic production.

Comment écrire une vie? Cette question apparemment simple est la question qui anime ce texte. L'écriture de la vie - qu'on appelle ici la biographie (bíος - bios, vie et γραφή - graphein, écrire) - est un thème transversal. L'écriture biographique couvre pas seulement la littérature mais aussi d'autres domaines de la santé et des sciences humaines, comme la psychologie, l'éducation, anthropologie, histoire et sciences sociales. La bio-graphie comprend un large tissu de méthodologies; elle apparaît dans les histoires de la vie, dans la formation professionnelle, dans les études cas dans, dans les projets de vie, études de cas, etc. Le binôme vie-écriture est traité avec la philosophie de Friedrich Nietzsche et Gilles Deleuze, comme la force capable de créer, et surtout, créer elle-même. La notion de biographème proposé par Roland Barthes, c'est une stratégie puissante pour une réflexion sur l'écriture de la vie ouvert à la création de la possibilité de dire et surtout de vivre cette vie. L'apparition du biographème conduit à un nouveau traitement biographique de l'histoire. C'est une autre position de lecture, de sélection et de récupération des signes de vie. Plutôt que de passer par le contour de l'historiographie, la « pratique biographematique » se tourne vers le détail, le pouvoir du minuscule, vers le insignifiant et inexact. En pensant à la biographie comme création (et pas seulement comme une représentation du réel, déjà vécu) c'est mis en avant d'une politique contre l'utilisation de la biographie qui étouffle la vie, contre toute la stratégie ou méthodologie thanatographique. Le sujet luimême se déplace aussi - il devient, en effet, aussi un créateur, une réalité incroyable, même un acteur d'écriture et de la vie. Après tout, est-ce qu'il y avait un autre sens par écrit une vie qui n'est pas de croire en la puissance de la réinvention de cette vie? / Como escrever uma vida? Essa pergunta aparentemente simples é a questão que movimenta este texto. A escrita de vida – chamada aqui de biografia (bíος - bíos, vida e γραφή – gráphein, escrever) – é um tema transversal, compreendendo não somente a literatura, como também outros domínios das Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, como a psicologia, educação, antropologia, história e ciências sociais. A bio-grafia comporta um tecido amplo de operacionalizações e metodologias; ela aparece nas histórias de vida, na formação profissional, nas anamneses, nos relatos de experiências, nos projetos de vida, nos estudos de caso, etc. O binômio vidaescritura é tratado a partir da perspectiva levantada pelos filósofos Friedrich Nietzsche e Gilles Deleuze, como a força capaz de criar, e sobretudo, criar a si mesma. A noção de biografema, proposta por Roland Barthes, é uma potente estratégia para se pensar a escritura de vida aberta à criação de novas possibidades de se dizer e, principalmente, de se viver uma vida. O surgimento do biografema acompanha uma mudança de abordagem em relação às próprias vidas biografadas, acarretando num novo tratamento biográfico por parte das disciplinas. Trata-se de outra postura de leitura, de seleção e de valorização de signos de vida. Ao invés de percorrer as grandes linhas da historiografia, a prática biografemática volta-se para o detalhe, para a potência daquilo que é ínfimo numa vida, para suas imprecisões e insignificâncias. Tomar partido da biografia enquanto criação (e não somente como representação de um real já vivido) é colocar-se diante de uma política que se mostra contrária a todo uso biográfico que sufoca a vida, a toda estratégia ou metodologia thanatográfica. O próprio sujeito se desloca – ele passa a ser, neste sentido, também um criador, um fabulador de realidade, um ator mesmo de escritura e de vida. Afinal, haveria outro sentido em se escrever uma vida que não fosse o de acreditar na potência de reinvenção desta própria vida?