La tesi tratta il profilo umano e la produzione letteraria degli studiosi di Leonardo da Vinci in ambito milanese tra il tardo Settecento e i primi due decenni dell'Ottocento. La discussione critica di tali contributi (talvolta inediti) posti in successione cronologica ha permesso di delineare le principali acquisizioni storiografiche su Leonardo da Vinci e la sua produzione artistica. / Thesis deals with the literary production made by Leonardo da Vinci's scholars in Milan area between the late eighteenth century and the first two decades of the nineteenth century. The critical discussion of these contributions (sometimes unpublished) placed in chronological sequence has enabled us to identify the major historiographical acquisitions on Leonardo da Vinci and his art.

La ricerca prende in considerazione il periodo di attività in Lombardia di Giusto de’ Menabuoi, pittore del XIV secolo di origine fiorentina e noto soprattutto per le opere realizzate a Padova, dove lavorò dal 1370 fino alla morte avvenuta prima del 1391. Tra il 1348 e il 1367 circa lavorò anche in Lombardia ma su questo periodo le certezze sono molto poche. Sono state quindi prese in esame le opere date al pittore in questo periodo (affreschi di Viboldone e di Brera, polittico del 1363 e trittico del 1367), cercando di precisare meglio la possibile datazione e di rendere più sicura l’attribuzione. Infine è stata proposta l’attribuzione di un’opera inedita, dipinta da Giusto per una chiesa di Monza. Dalla ricerca si ricava che durante il lungo soggiorno in Lombardia lo stile del pittore cambiò nell’uso di forme e di colori più eleganti e raffinati che influenzarono i pittori lombardi di quegli anni. / My research examines the period of activity in Lombardy of Giusto de' Menabuoi, a painter of the 14 century. He was born in Florence and is mostly known for his paintings executed in Padua where he worked from 1370 until his death just before 1391. Approximately between 1348 and 1367 he worked also in Lombardy but little is known for sure about this period. For the research presented here, some works from this period have been studied: the frescoes of Viboldone and Brera, the polyptych from 1363 and the triptych from 1367), proposing an approach to dating and provide more evidence for the attribution. Finally there is a proposal for attributing an unpublished work by Giusto for a church in Monza. The reseach shows that during his long stay in Lombardy the stile of the painter underwent a number of changes in his use of more elegant and refined colours which influenced other Lombard painters of that period.

La tesi vuole evidenziare il carattere continuativo che l’influenza francese ha esercitato sulla moda curiale nel XVIII, fino allo scoppiare delle Rivoluzione. I primi tre capitoli, sono necessari per comprendere la nascita di questa fortuna. Lo scontro tra corona francese e corona spagnola si è caratterizzato nel XVII secolo anche come scontro di codici vestimentari. Il perdurare delle “divise” di corte maschile e femminile nel XVIII perfezionate durante la seconda metà del regno di Luigi XIV è funzionale al mantenimento del ruolo guida: riconoscendo la necessità di uniformarsi agli abiti prescritti dal cerimoniale francese, le corti si appropriano non solo di un codice vestimentario, ma di una particolare immagine della monarchia. Il monopolio francese sulla moda si basa su un’autorità che deriva innanzitutto da quella conseguita nel secolo precedente. Alla fine del Settecento il rifiuto per gli abiti strettamente di corte che coincide con la creazione di alternative che possano soddisfare l’esigenza dell’apparire curiale segue una matrice quasi strettamente femminile: capacità della corte francese è quelle di elaborare spunti provenienti da altre culture e modificarle in chiave nazionale. / The thesis wants to focus on the continuity of the French influence on the evolution of European fashion during the eighteenth century to the Revolution. The first three chapters are indispensable to understand the origin of this success. The fight between the French and the Spanish court during the sixteenth century was also a fight for the supremacy of their own fashion style. The persistence in the eighteenth century of the court dress code for man and women that was elaborated during the reign of Louis XIV was functional to the maintenance of the guide role of the French court in Europe. At the end of the century, the refusal of strictly court dresses for new kind of clothes is peculiar of the women living at the court, but the French court has the ability to invent new fashions using ideas coming from other countries.

This dissertation is a study of the comic intermezzo’s literary origins and musical practice in the years before Pergolesi’s La serva padrona (1733). It begins with a chronological examination of Italian comic plays and operas written between 1660 and 1723. During these years comic playwrights adopted a style of writing speech from the improvised theatre which makes use of what Richard Andrews (1993) refers to as “elastic gags.” This style of comedy flourished under Medici patronage in Florence in the last decades of the seventeenth century and then spread to Venice, Rome and Naples during the first years of the intermezzo’s development. It is a style of comedy shared with the plays of Molière, and other contemporaneous French authors. This dissertation examines several scenes based on French works which have previously not been identified as having earlier sources. The decision to adapt these earlier sources for the intermezzo did not occur in a vacuum. The practice of comedy in the intermezzo was conditioned by the artistic, social and political climate of Italy. This study investigates the relationship between intermezzos and the milieus which produced them. The success of some intermezzos, like Il marito giocatore (1719), resulted from a combination of their artistic merit and their broad social appeal, while others, like Albino e Plautilla (1723), were musically adept but remained obscure because their humour was specific to the world they satirized. Both intermezzos are indebted to earlier French sources. Many others which are metatheatrical in nature draw on contemporary debates about opera. A final section examines selected arias from the intermezzo repertory using incongruity theory. Comic theory makes clear that the intermezzo’s musical language was not a new development. Just as librettists drew on earlier written traditions to form the literary text of the intermezzo, composers drew on existing musical practices to create humour. The intermezzo was therefore not naively comic—a portrait of the genre which is all too common—but rather a repertory which was thoroughly enmeshed within contemporary artistic practice and a wider social and cultural world.

This dissertation is a study of the comic intermezzo’s literary origins and musical practice in the years before Pergolesi’s La serva padrona (1733). It begins with a chronological examination of Italian comic plays and operas written between 1660 and 1723. During these years comic playwrights adopted a style of writing speech from the improvised theatre which makes use of what Richard Andrews (1993) refers to as “elastic gags.” This style of comedy flourished under Medici patronage in Florence in the last decades of the seventeenth century and then spread to Venice, Rome and Naples during the first years of the intermezzo’s development. It is a style of comedy shared with the plays of Molière, and other contemporaneous French authors. This dissertation examines several scenes based on French works which have previously not been identified as having earlier sources. The decision to adapt these earlier sources for the intermezzo did not occur in a vacuum. The practice of comedy in the intermezzo was conditioned by the artistic, social and political climate of Italy. This study investigates the relationship between intermezzos and the milieus which produced them. The success of some intermezzos, like Il marito giocatore (1719), resulted from a combination of their artistic merit and their broad social appeal, while others, like Albino e Plautilla (1723), were musically adept but remained obscure because their humour was specific to the world they satirized. Both intermezzos are indebted to earlier French sources. Many others which are metatheatrical in nature draw on contemporary debates about opera. A final section examines selected arias from the intermezzo repertory using incongruity theory. Comic theory makes clear that the intermezzo’s musical language was not a new development. Just as librettists drew on earlier written traditions to form the literary text of the intermezzo, composers drew on existing musical practices to create humour. The intermezzo was therefore not naively comic—a portrait of the genre which is all too common—but rather a repertory which was thoroughly enmeshed within contemporary artistic practice and a wider social and cultural world.

This master’s thesis discusses the term physical theatre from a discourse point of view. It also focuses on aspects of power from a field theory perspective. The main theory used is Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, and I try to apply this onto critical discourse analysis, mainly taken from Michel Foucault. The forms of physical theatre I focus on are mainly commedia dell’arte, theatre forms inspiredby Grotowski and Artaud, as well as mime, performance and contemporary circus. These are all theatre forms that focus especially on the body. My aim is to explore the status and discourse of physical theatre in Sweden today. The thesis is divided into two main parts. First, I present research concerning empirical data, where I search for the term physical theatre, as well as other forms of describing these theatre forms, in magazines, theatre playlists, texts about theatre troups etc. The term physical theatre is not very common in these texts, it is often described as dance-theatre for example. It is also prominent that the view on what physical theatre is has changed, theatre forms which focus on the body and its expression have been incorporated into the major theatre field, and are no longer considered odd or different. Physical comedy, however, still stands out. Although it seems that it has become increasingly popular, it has somewhat moved away from the serious forms of physical theatre. The second part of the thesis approaches the subject from a more theorising point of view, where the discussion itself is the main focus. I start off by discussing the term physical theatre and its aesthetics – how its meaning has changed from being something avant-garde to something that is considered “normal”. Thereafter I discuss the status of the physical theatre forms, and apply them onto Bourdieu’s field theory. Physical comedy has not yet acquired the status of ”high culture”, whereas the serious, more “arty” forms of physical theatre are on different positions in the theatre field, and even on the physical theatre field. I also discuss how this can be transferred to theories about popular culture, and the interesting things that happens when the once very popular, low-status theatre form commedia dell’arte is situated in a high culture theatre house, Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern, in Sweden. I continue to discuss marginalised forms of theatre from a sub-culturalperspective, fighting both against and inside the dominant culture to gain status in the theatre field. After this, I discuss how the physical theatre’s new discourse has changed because of the newly found interest in contemporary circus, research projects in universities as well as higher education in physical art forms. The conclusion is that the term physical theatre still can be useful to describe different forms of theatre, although it is quite vague and has changed significally.

No description available.

La ricerca che ho condotto è stata resa possibile da un lavoro di recupero dei carteggi inediti tra Jacques Maritain e Georges Rouault. Il fondo Rouault-Maritain è collocato attualmente nell’Archivio della Fondazione Georges Rouault di Parigi. La corrispondenza di Rouault è frutto di una donazione di Antoniette Grunelius a Isabelle Rouault, proveniente in parte dall’Archivio Maritain di Kolbsheim. Il difficile lavoro di recupero delle corrispondenze, durato tre anni, è stato reso possibile grazie al concorso attivo dei nipoti di Rouault a Parigi. La corrisponenza epistolare consta di 104 lettere (alcune di queste molto lunghe) e un corpus più ridotto di lettere (circa 30) tra I Maritain e la famiglia Rouault. La prima difficoltà che l’indagine ha richiesto è stata la decifrazione della calligrafia di Georges Rouault, di difficile intelleggibilità. Si è quindi repertoriata una griglia orientativa della morfologia dei caratteri adottati tendenzialmente da Rouault in modo da favorire il lento lavoro di comprensione. Tutte le lettere sono state catalogate secondo un criterio cronologico e attraverso un codice identificativo. Le lettere sono citate secondo questo codice, e dal contesto si evince sempre il mittente e il destinatario. Altra difficoltà incontrata è la struttura sintattica della corrispondenza non chiara e talvolta errata; la velocità e l’urgenza sono i tratti ricorrenti dello stile epistolare di Rouault, almeno nei confronti di Maritain. Questa difficoltà ha quindi originato un lavoro aggiuntivo che ha coinvolto tutta la famiglia Rouault per fornire un senso preciso a ciascuna lettera. La terza fase del lavoro è stata quella della contestualizzazione di ciascuna lettera attraverso la individuazione delle circostanze e delle implicite allusioni. Il tutto è stato corredato da note esplicative a piè di pagina. Per il caso delle lettere di Jacques Maritain la situazione è stata molto più agevole grazie alla ben nota chiarezza calligrafica del filosofo. Il carteggio ha portato alla luce dati inediti che apportano sostanziali integrazioni biografiche e che illuminano molteplici aspetti della relazione fraterna e amicale tra Georges Rouault e Jacques Maritain e le loro rispettive famiglie. L’ultima parte della ricerca si è orientata nell’analisi dei carteggi e nella scoperta di 4 convergenze di natura poetico filosofica tra Rouault e Maritain a partire dagli aspetti inediti rinvenuti nella biografia epistolare e dalle loro opere. / The research I conducted was made possible by a process of recovery of unpublished correspondence between Jacques Maritain and Georges Rouault. The fund Rouault-Maritain is currently located in the Archives of the Foundation Georges Rouault in Paris. The correspondence of Rouault is the result of a donation of Antoinette Grunelius Isabelle Rouault, coming in part from the Archives of Maritain Kolbsheim. The hard work of recovery of the matches, which lasted three years, was made possible thanks to the active assistance of the grandchildren of Rouault in Paris. The correspondence consists of 104 letters (some of these very long) and a smaller corpus of letters (30) between the Maritain and family Rouault. The first difficulty that the survey was required to decipher the handwriting of Georges Rouault, of difficult intelligibility. It is therefore repertoriata a grid to orient the morphology of the characters tend adopted by Rouault so as to favor the slow work of understanding. All letters have been cataloged chronologically and through an identification code. The letters are cited according to this code, and the context shows always the sender and the recipient. Another difficulty encountered is the syntactic structure of the correspondence is not clear and sometimes wrong; the speed and urgency are the recurrent features of the epistolary style of Rouault, at least against Maritain. This difficulty has therefore given rise to extra work that involved the whole family Rouault to provide a precise meaning to each letter. The third phase of the work has been to the contextualization of each letter by identifying the circumstances and implicit allusions. All this was accompanied by explanatory footnotes. For the case of the letters of Jacques Maritain, the situation was much smoother thanks to the well-known calligraphy clarity of the philosopher. The correspondence has unearthed new information has emerged that make substantial additions biographical and that illuminate many aspects of the fraternal relationship and friendship between Georges Rouault and Jacques Maritain and their respective families. The last part of the research is focused in the analysis of the correspondence and in the discovery of 4 convergence of poetic philosophical nature between Rouault and Maritain since the new aspects found in the biography and letters from their works.

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a elaboração do conceito, \"movimento-imagem-ideia\", desenvolvido no percurso de uma prática de improvisação. Iniciada no teatro, por meio dos aprendizados do jogo teatral, do jogo das máscaras, como a commedia dell\'arte e o palhaço, encontra a dança e as abordagens somáticas, ampliando-se e oferecendo estrutura à autonomia do intérprete improvisacional. As pesquisas cênicas que constituíram caminho e estabelecimento dessa conceituação, analisadas neste trabalho, têm por foco a improvisação e a máscara de A Troupe de Atmosfera Nômade; as improvisações em tempo real, diante do público, da Cia. Nova Dança 4; e a estrutura pré-fixada na dança, em Ladies, da inocência à crueldade, com possibilidades de rupturas improvisacionais. / This dissertation investigates the elaboration of a concept, \"movementimage- idea\", developed during an improvisation practice. When this improvisation - which started in the theatre with the use of theatre games, mask games, such as commedia dell\'arte and clowns - meets dance and somatic approaches, it is amplified, now offering structure to the autonomy of the improvisational actor. Previous research on performing arts that have paved a path to the establishment of the concept analyzed here focus on A Troupe de Atmosfera Nômade\'s use of improvisation and masks; Cia Nova Dança 4\'s real time improvisation in front of an audience; and the structure prefixed on dancing, in Ladies, from innocence to cruelty, with possible improvisational ruptures.

A partire da un percorso didattico appositamente predisposto, la ricerca indaga la produzione di artefatti musicali e/o visivi elaborati (individualmente o in piccolo gruppo) da studenti preadolescenti di scuola secondaria di primo grado del sistema scolastico italiano. Lo sviluppo dello studio si è articolato sull'idea che tali produzioni, condotte nel solco di un'azione interdisciplinare, possano essere rivelatrici di una peculiare qualità di pensiero di natura metacognitiva. Il metodo di ricerca ha adottato alcune strategie tipiche della Ricerca-Azione, e si è basato su un approccio di tipo ermeneutico-interpretativo, le cui prassi analitiche sono state desunte dall'ambito critico/estetico e semiologico. La complessità a livello sistemico dell'indagine ha suggerito l'adozione di un approccio definito ecologico. Gli esiti dello studio hanno portato a individuare una particolare qualità di pensiero espressa a livello fabrile e sensoriale, per questo denominata metacognizione sensibile. La ricerca ha inteso con ciò avvalorare la relazione esistente tra il creare e il comprendere-conoscere, facendo emergere la processualità ambivalente che si esplica con reciprocità nel "dar forma al pensiero" e "dar pensiero alla forma". I risultati della ricerca costituiscono strumenti utili alla comprensione della valenza educativa dei processi di costruzione di una identità artistica, profilo necessario a definire i tratti di una completa personalità in uscita dalla scuola dell'obbligo. [ENG: Starting from the arrangement of a teaching activity especially arranged, the research investigates the production of musical and / or visual artifacts developed (individually or in small groups) by 13- and 14-year-old students who attend the first level of the secondary Italian school (Scuola Secondaria di Primo Grado). The development of the study has been based on the idea that these productions, carried out through an interdisciplinary action, can reveal a peculiar metacognitive quality of thought. The research method has adopted some Research-Action strategies, and is based on a hermeneutic-interpretative approach, whose analytical practices have been derived from the critical, aesthetic and semiological field. The systemic complexity of the survey suggested the adoption of an approach that can be defined as ecological. The results of the study led to identify a particular quality of thought, expressed at an operational and sensory level and therefore called sensitive metacognition. In this way the research intended to strengthen the existing relationship between creating and understanding-knowing, highlighting the ambivalent processuality that is reciprocally expressed by "give form to thought" and "give thought to form". The findings can be useful to understand the educational value of the building processes of an artistic identity, which is a necessary profile to identify the traits of a complete personality for students at the end of compulsory education.]