A l'heure où la famille moderne se conçoit au pluriel, à l'heure où les ascendants organisent en amont la transmission et la dévolution de leur patrimoine, à l'heure où la mondialisation prône l'uniformisation du droit et la fin des spécificités étatiques, il est nécessaire de s'interroger sur l'avenir de la réserve héréditaire. Les parents ne souhaitent plus être privés de leur pouvoir de disposer librement de leur patrimoine, même pour cause de mort. Que répondre à un père qui angoisse à l'idée de voir son patrimoine dilapidé par un enfant ingrat avec lequel il ne vit que de conflits ? Que dire à cet enfant qui a vu son frère avantagé par décision maternelle, de manière abusive et arbitraire ? Quels conseils donner à ces individus qui ouvrent chaque jour la porte de nos offices pour demander l'aide de leur notaire ? Que dire à cet époux qui veut protéger son conjoint de la véhémence d’enfants d’un premier lit ? Afin de leur répondre dans la pratique, appliquons-nous à étudier les moyens de contourner cette réserve héréditaire. Attachons-nous à vérifier leur efficacité. Au-delà des mécanismes classiques du Code civil tels que le testament et la donation, l'intérêt de cette thèse est de se tourner vers des mécanismes plus complexes, afin de répondre aux parents déçus par leur progéniture, mais aussi à eux, enfants lésés, pour leur donner des moyens juridiques de contrer une injuste privation. Il est utile de comprendre et de connaître ce qu’il est possible de faire pour transmettre son patrimoine avec une liberté recouvrée sans risquer les foudres de la loi. A travers l’étude de ces instruments, de leur efficacité et de leur traitement tant légal que familial, la question de la modernisation de la réserve ressurgit. La famille change, et avec elle, la conception traditionnelle de la réserve héréditaire. / At a time when the modern family is conceived in the plural, at a time when ascendants organize upstream transmission and devolution of their heritage, at a time when globalization advocates the standardization of law and the end of specificities States, it is necessary to question the future of the hereditary reserve. Parents no longer wish to be deprived of their power to freely dispose of their patrimony, even for reasons of death. What to answer to a father who is anxious about seeing his heritage squandered by an ungrateful child with whom he lives only conflicts ? What to say to this child who saw his brother favored by maternal decision, in an abusive and arbitrary way ? What advice can be given to those individuals who open the door of our offices every day to ask the help of their notary ? What to say to this husband who wants to protect his spouse from the angry of children from a first bed ? In order to answer them in practice, let us study ways of circumventing this hereditary reserve. Let's focus on checking their effectiveness. Beyond the classical mechanisms of the Civil Code such as the will and the gift, the interest of this thesis is to turn to more complex mechanisms, in order to answer the parents disappointed by their offspring, but also to them, children wronged to give them legal means to counter unfair deprivation. It is useful to understand and know what can be done to transmit one's heritage with a recovered freedom without risking the wrath of the law. Through the study of these instruments, their efficiency and their legal and family treatment, the question of the modernization of the reserve resurfaces. The family changes, and with it, the traditional conception of the hereditary reserve.

In 1991, Colombia crafted a new Constitution that, after decades of ignorance, recognized the existence of ethnic minorities within the country. Special rights were given to the indigenous population while disregarding the even larger minority, afro-descendants. This thesis aims to identify how indigenous peoples and afro-descendants in Colombia are framed, with the argument that the use and effect of certain frames affect the groups’ mobilisation success. Material produced by the groups themselves as well as other actors within the context is analysed to identify frames, which are then put into the social and historical context of the groups to discuss how and why the specific frames are used. In the result, it was evident that the ethnicities are framed in similar ways, but due to their historical and social contexts, the frames have distinct effects, which can explain the groups’ unequal level of political representation in the country.

Cette recherche doctorale est centrée sur les principales difficultés et potentialités de l’application des protocoles de consultation et de consentement autonomes adoptés par les peuples et communautés autochtones, afro-descendants et traditionnels comme lignes directrices pour mettre en œuvre le consentement libre, préalable et éclairé (CLPE). Ces peuples et communautés ont élaboré leurs protocoles sur la base de leur droit à l’autodétermination et sur la base de lois internationales, nationales et pluralistes établissant la manière dont ils souhaitent être consultés et les conditions requises pour donner ou refuser leur consentement. La recherche a examiné comment les peuples et les communautés ont assuré le cadre du CLPE dans leurs protocoles, comment la loi a permis l’application des protocoles et comment les protocoles ont été effectivement appliqués comme lignes directrices dans les processus de consultation et de consentement. Cette recherche a été menée à travers (i) une analyse documentaire des protocoles autonomes élaborés par de nombreux peuples et communautés au Brésil, au Canada et dans d’autres pays d’Amérique ; (ii) une analyse documentaire de la manière dont le système international des droits de l’homme a permis la reconnaissance des protocoles ; et (iii) une étude de l’application des protocoles au Brésil, avec un accent particulier sur les protocoles autochtones dans la région amazonienne, à travers des entretiens ouverts, une analyse documentaire et une recherche secondaire exploratoire. La recherche documentaire sur les protocoles, combinée à l’étude sur le système international des droits de l’homme et le Brésil, a permis de réfléchir aux principales difficultés et potentialités de l’application des protocoles. Les résultats révèlent que les principales difficultés liées à la reconnaissance et à l’application des protocoles concernent les défis juridico-politiques de la mise en œuvre du CLPE et la manière dont les protocoles sont liés aux cadres légaux des États, dans le sens où les vues centrées sur l’État peuvent ignorer ou limiter l’application du cadre des protocoles. À l’inverse, cette recherche doctorale démontre que, dans une perspective d’autodétermination, les peuples et les communautés ont le droit de déterminer les cadres et les lignes directrices pour les consulter et obtenir leur consentement. Par conséquent, les protocoles expriment leur cadre autonome de consentement. Cette recherche démontre que les protocoles ont le potentiel de mettre en œuvre le CLPE par leur application, en respectant les droits, les institutions, les lois pluralistes et les cosmopolitiques des peuples/communautés qui les ont rédigés. / This doctoral research investigates the major difficulties and potentialities of applying autonomous consultation and consent protocols elaborated by Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and traditional peoples and communities as guidelines to implement free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). These peoples and communities have elaborated their protocols grounded on their right to selfdetermination and based on international, national, and their own pluralistic laws to establish how they want to be consulted and their requirements for providing or withholding consent. This research examines how peoples and communities have asserted FPIC frameworks in their protocols, how the law has made room for the protocols’ application, and how the protocols have been effectively applied as guidelines in consultation and consent processes. These objectives were pursued through (i) a documentary analysis of autonomous protocols elaborated by diverse peoples and communities in Brazil, Canada, and other countries in the Americas; (ii) a documentary analysis of how the international human rights system has made room for recognition of the protocols; and (iii) a study on the application of the protocols in Brazil, with particular focus on Indigenous protocols in the Amazon region, using open-ended interviews, documentary analysis, and exploratory secondary research. The documentary research on the protocols and the international human rights system and the focused study on application in Brazil provided findings that allow for important reflections on the foremost difficulties and potentialities of applying the protocols. The results reveal that the main difficulties in acknowledging and applying the protocols concern the legal-political challenges of implementing FPIC and how the protocols relate to state legal frameworks, in the sense that state-centric views may disregard or restrain the application of the frameworks established in the protocols. Conversely, the research demonstrates that, from a self-determining perspective, peoples and communities have the right to determine frameworks and guidelines for consulting with them and seeking their consent, and shows that the protocols express their autonomous framework for consent. Finally, the research proves that the protocols’ application has the potential to implement FPIC respecting the rights, institutions, pluralistic laws, and cosmopolitics of the peoples/communities who authored them.

This study consists of an Afrocentric historical and cultural revision of the country of Borikén (Puerto Rico). The project interrogates the African aspects that continue to provide Puerto Ricans with a “national” character despite colonialism and other structural challenges. Through archival methodology and a comparative cultural analysis, it offers a new interpretation of Latin American and Caribbean history with regards to African phenomena and experience there. A proposed conceptual overview unites Cheikh Anta Diop’s theory of African Cultural Unity and Marimba Ani’s conceptual framework of the asili and presents the Puerto Rican asili (cultural seed) as unharmonious with a European utamawazo (institutionalized thought) and an African utamoroho (collective cultural behavior). Many African cultural aspects coming from the Bantu, Yoruba and Akan belief systems including some that assimilate Ancient Egyptian (Kemetic) customs, were observed in Puerto Rico and its history, and framed as part of an encompassing African cultural unity. / African American Studies

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francine.pdf: 3761286 bytes, checksum: 54c962c301d1cc00ba80a8e159ff3cec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research attempts to shed some light on the process of education of Afrodescendants from the Quilombo Aldeia Remaining Community, located in the city of Garopaba, in the southern region of the State of Santa Catarina, in the 1963-1980 period. The theoretical foundation is mostly based on Michel de Certeau s concept of strategies and tactics , interspersed by two opposite axes that complement each other in the school experiences of afro-descendants: white action and black action . The empirical basis is constituted of documentary sources regarding the elementary school during the study period, and oral sources, particularly reports from former Afro-descendant students. Throughout the text, we discuss the education model of the populations of African origin regarding the elementary school in the rural area of Garopaba, addressing aspects related to the city and the Afro-descendant populations of Comunidade Aldeia in the post-abolition period, especially in the second half of the 20th century, and educational issues, in order to find out the education model designed for this group. We have also depicted the educational experiences of Afrodescendants, based on school memories, particularly in what concerns the existence of na effective black action in the referred period. The research shows the multiple aspects of the education of Afro-descendants and the tactics engendered by them. Finally, the significances established by this school model and the senses attributed to the elementary school are shown, which are expressed in the expectations of Afro-descendants of the region on having a better future / Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender o processo de escolarização dos afrodescendentes provenientes da Comunidade Remanescente do Quilombo Aldeia, localizado na cidade de Garopaba, região sul do Estado de Santa Catarina, no período compreendido entre 1963 e 1980. A fundamentação teórica é baseada principalmente na concepção de estratégias e táticas de Michel de Certeau, entremeada por dois eixos opostos e que se complementam nas experiências escolares dos afrodescendentes: ação branca e ação negra . A base empírica é constituída de fontes documentais, referentes a escolarização primária da época em estudo, e fontes orais, sobretudo, a partir do depoimento de ex-alunos de origem africana. Ao longo do texto, discutimos como estava configurada a educação das populações de origem africana no ensino primário rural de Garopaba, abordando aspectos da cidade e das populações afrodescendentes da Comunidade Aldeia no período pós-abolição, em especial na segunda metade do século 20, e questões relativas a escolarização, observando qual modelo de educação estava direcionado à esta camada. Também retratamos as experiências de escolarização dos afrodescendentes, narradas a partir de suas memórias de escola, sobretudo no que se refere a presença de uma ação negra efetiva no enfrentamento à opressão e às dificuldades operantes no contexto dessas populações nesse período. A pesquisa apresenta as múltiplas facetas da escolarização vividas pelos afrodescendentes e as táticas por eles engendradas para efetivá-la. Enfim nos aponta os significados configurados por essa instituição escolar e os sentidos atribuídos à escola primária, explicitado nas expectativas de ascenção dos afrodescendentes desse lugar

La thèse analyse, dans une perspective historique et comparative, le parcours suivi vers la citoyenneté sociale par les populations afro-descendantes d’Amérique centrale entre 1948 et 1966. Avec le système esclavagiste puis son abolition comme points de départ de la réflexion, les Africains et les Afro-descendants du monde entier ont commencé à systématiser leurs réflexions, leurs luttes et leur organisation, notamment au travers de personnalités comme Marcus Garvey ou d’organisations comme le Mouvement panafricaniste, afin de rejeter la stigmatisation apportée par l’invention coloniale de la « race noire ». Ce processus s’est initié entre la Première Guerre mondiale et l’émergence du système des Nations unies, qui a fourni la base d’un nouvel ordre international, se traduisant notamment par la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme et le début de la décolonisation en Afrique. Après les indépendances centraméricaines au début du XIXe siècle et au cours des processus de construction républicaine à l’oeuvre dans chacun des pays de la région, le développement national au Guatemala, au Honduras, au Nicaragua, au Costa Rica et au Panama a toutefois été marqué par l’empreinte identitaire laissée par la Couronne espagnole dans la région ainsi que par des politiques de métissage et/ou de blanchiment de la population. À partir de la deuxième partie du XIXe siècle, la vague d’immigration d’origine africaine en provenance des Caraïbes a remis en question cet imaginaire collectif et l’idée de citoyenneté portée par les élites de chaque pays. Si la question normative de la citoyenneté afro-descendante en Amérique centrale s’est donc longtemps inscrite dans un contexte international d’exclusion raciale, qui renvoie notamment au système de ségrégation aux États-Unis, le développement progressif de dispositifs légaux dans chaque pays a ouvert une nouvelle ère d’intégration citoyenne après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, faisant écho aux nouveaux instruments juridiques internationaux et à la Charte internationale des droits de l’homme. / The thesis analyzes, through comparative and historical perspectives, the path followed by theAfrodescendant populations in Central America, between 1948 and 1966, towards social citizenship. Having theslavery system and its latter abolition as a starting point, the African and Afrodescendant populations around theworld systematized their thoughts, battles and organization, especially through personalities such as Marcus Garveyand the Pan Africanist Movement; as means to counteract the burden created by the colonial invention of the “blackrace”. This process had place when the World War I and the United Nations System provided the base for a newinternational order; which after World War II, turned into creating the Organization of United Nations, the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights and the beginning of decolonization in Africa. In addition, after the Central AmericanIndependence and in the middle of their republican construction, the differentiated national development followed byGuatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, took over the identity footprint institutionalized by theSpanish crown in the region; which afterwards turned into the miscegenation and/or population whitening. However,the wave of Caribbean Afrodescendant immigration from the second half of the nineteenth century, confronted thecollective imaginary as well as the citizen profile chosen by each of these country elites. Therefore, the singularnormative and social citizenship progress of the Afrodescendant populations in Central America, fell within theinternational racial exclusion context, such as United States’ racial segregation; as well as the paradoxicalrefinement of civil matters legal provisions in each country, and the strengthening of national measures restrictingimmigration; all of the above as part of a new human rights era, with its international legal instruments and theInternational Bill of Human Rights.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maritza Franklin Mendes de Andrade.pdf: 912710 bytes, checksum: 36c8a99b34da3f4b20775df18ee0fb72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-28 / The present study is intended to critically approach collation, a principle of descent law with strong practical application, which, in general, is object of superficial and contradictory analysis, by virtue of own legal provisions governing the matter. Special attention is to be given to the polemic aspects, arising out of 2002 Civil Code provisions. Therefore, six major themes are analyzed. Initially, descent law origin and legal basis are presented, as well as collation historical evolution, indicating its definition and legal basis. Then, it deals with collation subjective aspect, approaching the most relevant quests in regard to heirs who are compelled to collate according to Brazilian legal system. The third theme reports to the objective aspect, concerning assets identification which, donated to heirs whilst deceased was still alive, arise the need of collation, or not. Analysis on how to effect collation and the amount of donated asset to be taken into consideration are presented right after as the fourth theme. The theme before last approaches concept and legal basis of inheritance share of one's parents and calculation of collation assumptions, collation dismissal and unofficial decrease. Finally, it reports to lawsuit to effect collation / O presente estudo destina-se a abordar, de forma crítica, a colação, instituto do direito das sucessões com forte aplicação prática, o qual, em regra, é objeto de análises superficiais e contraditórias, em virtude das próprias previsões legais que o regulamentam. Dá-se especial atenção aos seus aspectos polêmicos, decorrentes das previsões do Código Civil de 2002. Serão analisados, para tanto, seis temas principais. Apresentam-se, de início, a origem e os fundamentos do direito das sucessões, assim como a evolução histórica do instituto da colação, com a indicação de sua definição e fundamentos. Em seguida, trata-se do aspecto subjetivo da colação, por meio da abordagem das mais relevantes indagações quanto aos herdeiros que são obrigados a colacionar no ordenamento jurídico pátrio. O terceiro tema reporta-se ao aspecto objetivo, no que concerne à identificação dos bens que, doados em vida pelo de cujus aos seus herdeiros, levam à necessidade, ou não, de colação. A análise da forma de se efetivar a colação e do valor do bem doado a ser levado em conta é apresentada logo em seguida, no quarto tema. Como penúltimo tema, abordam-se o conceito e os fundamentos da legítima e o seu cálculo nas hipóteses de colação, de dispensa de colação e de redução por inoficiosidade. Por fim, reporta-se ao procedimento judicial para a efetivação da colação

The subject of this thesis is the question of immigration in contemporary (Western) European societies which is treated by detailed exposition of the concrete historical case of immigration from the Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) to France during the 20th century. The first part of the work consists of the brief history of immigration to France and of the wider theoretical context for the sociological inquiry of the phenomena linked with immigration, especially the paradoxical situation which results from the fact of immigration in the nation states and the logic of the formation of the interethnic relations. As a theoretical support for following analysis, several theories are presented: Goffman's theory of stigmatization, Becker's labelling theory, theory of the social representations of Moscovici and Merton's concept of self-fullfilling prophecy. In the second part, the particular case of immigration from Maghreb countries to France is examined with the special attention to the social representations made in French society in the context of this historical process. The main subject of this work is the situation of the descendants of immigrants from Maghreb countries in the French society, especially their position in its social structure - the third part therefore consists of the analysis...

(in English): The aim of the present thesis is to investigate and describe the role of non-professional translation and interpreting between Spanish and Czech in the intercultural communication, whose actors were and are Czech compatriots in Argentina. The two introductory parts of the thesis provide a summary on the historical context of the Czech emigration to Argentina and about the language situation of Czech compatriots in Argentina. The theoretical part is based on the sociological turn in translation studies, on the focus on the translator and the history of translation and translators. Methodologically, the thesis is based primarily on archival research and oral history. The empirical part maps the occurrence of amateur translations in our corpus, further, it draws attention to some larger translations made by compatriots and, last but not least, it gathers information about non-professional interpreting in the Czech compatriot communities in Argentina. As a conclusion, the found information is summarized and further possibilities of linguistic research of the Czech compatriot communities in Argentina are proposed.

No description available.