Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2220780 bytes, checksum: f739fa31fb669e34ba74a85d469731fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Understand how loving relationships are configured has been one of major field of interest in Psychology, mainly under an evolutionary and social perspectives. In this sense, the main goal of this thesis was to know how gender differences, human values and personality traits could explain the choice of the ideal partner. Thus, three empirical studies were accomplished. The study 1 aimed to identify affective and cognitive characteristics between men and women. Participated 208 heterosexual people, 108 men and 100 women, with age ranging between 18 and 52 years (m = 24,3 years; sd = 6,08). They have answered a questionnaire that assessed affective and cognitive characteristics. Related to cognitive aspects, men obtained higher scores than women in the studied constructs. On the other hand, women had higher scores on affective aspects than men, except on cooperation. These results highlights that gender differences might play an important role to understand the way people choose an ideal partner. The study 2 intended to verify differences among gender, human values and personality traits regarding to partner preference. Participated 244 people, mostly women (62,7%), with a mean age of 20,9 years (sd = 4,06). They answered to Attributes of Ideal Partner Scale (AIPS), Basic Values Questionnaire (BVQ), The Big Five Inventory and demographic questions. Beyond the relationship among studied variables, the main result of this study showed that human values mediate the relationship among personality traits and partners attributes. Lastly, aiming to replicate study 2, the study 3 was carried out. On this purpose, was counted with 3.124 people from each of nine Northeast states, divided in 49,3% living in the country and 50,7% living in the city, with a mean age of 23,6 years (sd = 6,72) and mostly women (63,6%). Participants answered the same questionnaire applied on study 2. The relationship among variables was found once again in this study, nevertheless, no significant differences were found among northeast states. A hierarchical regression was accomplished and identified that values are better predictors to partner preference than personality traits and demographic variables. It is reinforced that mediation models among personality traits and partners attributes by values found in the previous study were corroborated in all states and between country and city residents. It is expected that studies like this one might contribute to strengthen the knowledge in the loving relationship field. / Compreender como se configuram os relacionamentos amorosos, tem sido uma das áreas de maior interesse dentro da Psicologia, sobretudo, com ênfase nas perspectivas evolucionista e sociais. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal desta tese foi conhecer em que medida diferenças entre gênero, valores humanos e traços de personalidade poderiam explicar a preferênca do (a) parceiro (a) ideal. Para tanto, foram realizados três estudos empíricos. O estudo 1 teve como objetivo principal conhecer características afetivas e cognitivas entre homens e mulheres. Participaram 208 pessoas, sendo 108 homens e 100 mulheres heterossexuais, com idades variando de 18 a 52 anos (m = 24,3 anos; dp = 6,08). Estes responderam instrumentos que avaliavam características afetivas e cognitivas. Em relação às características cognitivas, os homens pontuaram mais alto do que as mulheres nos construtos investigados. Quanto às características afetivas, as mulheres obtiveram maior média que os homens em relação a todos os construtos, com exceção de cooperação. Tais resultados evidenciam que diferenças entre gênero podem ser importantes para compreender como se configura a preferência do(a) parceiro(a). O estudo 2 objetivou conhecer diferenças entre gênero, valores humanos e traços de personalidade quanto à preferência pelo parceiro(a). Contou-se com 244 participantes, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (62,7%), com idade média de 20,9 anos (dp = 4,06). Estes responderam a Escala de Atributos do Parceiro Ideal (EAPI), o Questionário dos Valores Básicos (QVB), o Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade (Big Five) e questões demográficas. Foi possível verificar a relação entre os construtos estudados, verificando-se, sobretudo, que os valores medeiam a relação entre traços de personalidade e atributos do parceiro. Finalmente, com o objetivo de replicar o estudo 2, foi realizado o estudo 3 contando com a participação de 3.124 pessoas dos nove estados do Nordeste, sendo 49,3% residentes em cidades do interior e 50,7% das capitais, com idade média de 23,60 anos (dp = 6,72), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (63,6%). Foram usados os mesmos instrumentos do estudo 2. Quanto aos resultados, também foram verificadas correlações entre os construtos estudados, não observando-se diferenças expressivas entre dados dos diferentes estados nordestinos. Por meio de análises de regressão hierárquica foi possível identificar que os valores são melhores preditores da preferência do(a) parceiro(a) do que os traços de personalidade e variáveis demográficas. Ressalta-se ainda, a confirmação dos modelos de mediação dos valores entre traços de personalidade e atributos do parceiro nos diferentes estados nordestinos e entre capital e interior. Estima-se que estudos dessa natureza possam contribuir na construção do conhecimento na área dos relacionamentos amorosos.

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Livestock agriculture provides society with many forms of nutritious, accessible, and delicious foods. On the other hand, livestock agriculture, and cattle in particular, have been shown to be unsustainable in their current form from environmental, social, and economic perspectives. Taking both of these statements as my premise, in this thesis I turn to the field of Future Studies to explore future of dairy farming in Oregon. I use semi-structured stakeholder interviews to understand industry stakeholder perceptions of plausible and desirable futures for the industry. The concepts of plausible and desirable futures are strongly connected to sustainable futures as they look both at what is possible for the future and consider the normative question of what is valued. I used thematic analysis to explore my data, identifying salient ideas and patterns from my interviews with stakeholders. I found three plausible-desirable outcomes for the Oregon dairy industry; human and animal welfare improve, some small and medium sized farm stay afloat, and the industry reduces its environmental impact. These outcomes were not straightforward, however. For example, in some cases, the paths participants identified to reach one plausible-desirable outcome, would make another less likely to occur. The public and farmers themselves were seen as key to reaching plausible-desirable futures, along with scientists, researchers, and interest groups. Identifying stakeholders’ plausible and desirable futures and influential actors to reach these futures is a first step towards developing strategies to reach such futures.

This thesis departs from the assumption that the current socio-ecological crises require new and alternative imaginaries as well as lifestyle changes. Following a qualitative research method, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with eco-community members and analysed thematically to determine their motivations, values and beliefs, and search for a potential common imaginary. As imaginaries shape behaviours, they also have the potential to motivate change. It is argued in this thesis that eco-community members are actively implementing local transformative change according to their alternative imaginaries. Results show that eco-community members think of imaginaries as primarily personal and that their implementation of change is turned towards the individual and local scale. This thesis explores both theoretical perspectives such as utopias, third places, autonomy and also practices like permaculture and education on sustainable lifestyles. Ultimately, this study shows how hope is rooted in the tangible actions of some citizens who are already working to create desirable futures.

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In the latest years the Swedish armed forces have gone from an armed force with conscripts to voluntary men and women. When the basic training is voluntarily may the question be if the new men and women have the same approach to Desirable competences and pedagogy that is used by their officers during their training. Desirable competences are a part of the model transformational leadership and are divided into task related competence, management competence, social competence and capacitate to cope with stress. To deal with this problem I have used questionnaires from conscripts and a new questionnaire made on voluntary recruits. I have compared the results in a case study method and it shows a positive progress from the recruits view how the officers use examples from the transformational leadership. The study shows that recruits want officers to make demands, motivate and inspire them. The recruits want to know the goal with the education and they want the officers to make demands on them. / Försvarsmakten har de senaste åren gått från värnplikt till en Försvarsmakt som bygger på frivilliga män och kvinnor. När grundutbildningen är frivillig kan männen och kvinnorna ha en förändrad syn på önskvärda kompetenser och pedagogik som används av officerarna under utbildningen. Önskvärda kompetenser är en del av Utvecklande ledarskap och kompetenserna är uppdelade i Fackkompetens, Chefskompetens, Socialkompetens och Stresshanteringsförmåga. För att hantera problemet har jag använt enkätundersökningar från värnpliktiga och en ny enkätundersökning gjord på rekryter. Resultaten från dessa har jämförts utifrån en fallstudiemetod och det visar en positiv utveckling i hur rekryterna ser på att officerarna använder exempel från utvecklande ledarskap. Undersökningen visar också att rekryterna vill att officerarna skall ställa krav, motivera och inspirera. Rekryterna vill veta målet med utbildningen och de vill att officerarna ställer krav på dem.

The purpose of the study was to investigate what employees in fine-dining restaurants perceive to be desirable characteristics of a leader based on transformative, transactional, and authoritarian leadership. The study was qualitative and used a deductive thematic analysis with eight semi-structured interviews. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) designed by Bass (1985) and authoritarian leadership was used as the theoretical background.   The two requirements to participate was for the respondents to have worked in a fine-dining restaurant within the last two years. The results showed that the desirable characteristics of a leader were committed, encouraging, solution-oriented, creative, patient, responsive, caring, ambitious, relationship-building, and communicative. The desirable qualities characterize a transformative leadership. The results of the study may be relevant to the development of leadership in fine-dining restaurants.

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As human activity continues to cause significant global issues, such as the decline of biodiversity, there is an increasing demand to engage with desirable visions of the future. Sustainability research emphasizes the significance of participatory approaches prioritizing nature and incorporating diverse human-nature relationships to promote more inclusive and sustainable paths to a positive future. However, the involvement of youth in current future studies is limited. Urban national parks provide valuable opportunities to investigate people-nature relations and their future. This study conducted a participatory futures workshop that combined the Natures Futures Framework and the Three Horizons Framework with fifteen young individuals living in Stockholm to capture their diverse nature relationships and positive future visions of the Royal National City Park in Stockholm. The workshop identified several aspects of nature in the park appreciated by the group, such as biodiversity, calmness, and the opportunity for recreation and connection to nature. If those values are projected onto a desirable future, this group of youth envisions the park to include reduced pollution, increased biodiversity, stronger protection and regulation, and prioritization of nature, with societal involvement and better accessibility. To support value-inclusive decision-making for the sustainable future of the Royal National City Park, collected values and visions were shared with park stakeholders. By collecting diverse nature value perspectives on a local scale using the Nature Futures Framework, this work contributes to the generation of a global perspective of desirable nature futures. While the Natures Futures Framework proved effective in generating rich value perspectives, a reflection survey revealed that not all participants found the framework easy to understand, particularly the difference between the different value perspectives presented in the framework. In conclusion, this study provides insights into possible futures and inspires actions toward a sustainable future where humans and nature coexist in harmony.