Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Pinheiro de Assis.pdf: 5310934 bytes, checksum: e0aab97a2efb6b2a6f3074121619d3c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims at investigating the devotional trajectory of rubber tappers from the Acre River Valley, who managed to re-signify in the course of many decades the popular devotion brought from the Brazilian northeastern region, producing new meanings for their lives through faith. It seeks to show the importance of faith and devotion of hundreds of devotees who inhabit the forests and towns in the Acre River Valley. It also intends to present the various manners those rubber tappers have found to overcome daily difficulties, such as diseases, dangers in the forest, attacks by poisonous animals, and falls from trees or bridges. This research, though grounded in popular religiousness, shows the fragility or the mere state of abandonment of the in-forest inhabitants, and it thus justifies the search to understand the reasons that lead them to turn to faith and popular devotion in order to find ways to overcome daily difficulties and the absence of government assistance. It entertains the hypothesis that those devotees find meaning and reason to life through their faith in Santa Raimunda (Saint Raimunda), and in the protection She offers. Interviews and direct contacts with them during pilgrimages in the varadouros (small roads in rubber plantations), beads, and homage at Santa Raimunda´s tomb gave us the opportunity to gather rich and important data. The results show that the devotion to Santa Raimunda do Bom Sucesso (Saint Raimunda of Good Success) kept and still keeps the devotees men and women ready for their daily struggles, giving meaning to their lives and renewing their hopes. Devotion provided them strength to live in the rubber plantations as long as possible, and continues to support their lives in the periphery of the capital city of Rio Branco / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a trajetória devocional de seringueiros do vale do rio Acre, que ao longo de várias décadas conseguiram ressignificar a devoção popular que trouxeram do nordeste brasileiro, dando assim um novo sentido para suas vidas, por meio da fé. Devoção que já se faz presente há algumas décadas, dentro e fora dos seringais acreano. Objetiva-se mostrar a fé e a devoção de centenas de devotos que habitam as florestas e as cidades do vale do rio Acre, pois encontraram na devoção à Santa Raimunda do Bom Sucesso, uma maneira de dignificar suas vidas. Pretende-se, ainda, apresentar as diversas maneiras encontradas para superar as dificuldades diárias, sejam elas doenças, perigos existentes na floresta, ataques de animais peçonhentos, quedas de árvores ou pontes. A pesquisa, embora fundamentada na religiosidade popular, mostra a situação de fragilidade ou até mesmo abandono dos habitantes que residem dentro da floresta, o que justifica pesquisar as causas que os levam a buscar na fé e na devoção popular maneiras para superar as dificuldades do dia a dia e a ausência do Estado. Sustenta-se a hipótese de que os devotos encontram sentido e razão para viver, por meio da fé e da proteção de Santa Raimunda. Entrevistas, contatos com os devotos na peregrinação, no varadouro, na reza dos terços e junto à sepultura, prestando homenagem à Santa Raimunda, possibilitaram uma rica coleta de dados. Os resultados da pesquisa atestam que a devoção em Santa Raimunda do Bom Sucesso manteve e mantém seus devotos, homens e mulheres, nas suas lutas diárias, dando sentido e renovando a esperança. A devoção deu a eles força para viverem e resistirem o quanto puderam nos seringais e continua sustentando, cotidianamente, suas vidas nas periferias da cidade de Rio Branco para encontrar saídas aos seus problemas, nas brechas existentes na devoção popular de Santa Raimunda do Bom Sucesso

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-08T12:07:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Aparecida Silva Farias Dias.pdf: 4693240 bytes, checksum: 93604d301ef60188a1f6b8cd2b54ab69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T12:07:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Aparecida Silva Farias Dias.pdf: 4693240 bytes, checksum: 93604d301ef60188a1f6b8cd2b54ab69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 / This study aims to evaluate the devotional rituals to the cross in Santa Cruz Walking inrural communities of Machados, Lages and Santa Rita de Santa Cruz, north of Minas Gerais. The walking is a practice whose rituals date back to the seventeenth century in the region of mines and was taken up by residents without the presence of members of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Here‘s this study‘s problem: how such a practice is kept alive in a time when society is more urban than rural; that is to say, how a distinctive religious phenomenon of a religiosity of colonial times reaches the XXI century. Such research problem is outlined in these questions: what is the origin of devotion to the holy walking? Why devotees interrupt their routine to dedicate their time to the walking? What does the cross mean to the devotees? In search of answers, this study tries to write a history of this holy walking — written records of which are too scarce— and to outline the imaginary cross permeating the practice of devoting. An initial hypothesis is that the representation of the cross among current participants of the walking was linked to their everyday culture and tradition, and that such representation was influenced by continuous changes in regional religious field. A study on specific bibliography guided the observation of the community walking — where it takes place and so that lean more of its organization and rituals — in three cruises during 2013 and 2014. Observations were recorded with photographs and field notes. Questionnaires and interviews were used in the light oral history methodology to build the history of the holy walking with the support from historical and anthropological approaches. The conclusion is that devotion have arisen in the context of a popular Catholicism as to an untying from ecclesiastical hierarchy — such is the way it was practiced in colonial Brazil — and that the practice on that same place was born a century ago. After an interruption of nearly 13 years, the holy walking practice took place again but this time accordingly with needs and devotional goals of current practitioners, that put aside their daily activities to devote themselves to the event. Exorcism prayers and use of the sign of the cross over and over again in ―defense against the enemy‖ revealed the mystical dimension of devotion to the cross in the imagination of this devout group, where its singularity. That said, this study‘s relevance to the religious studies includes revisiting a classic theme and an empirical investigation / Este estudo buscou verificar as concepções e práticas de devoção à cruz na "Caminhada Santa Cruz", nas comunidades rurais de Lages, Machados e Santa Rita de Santa Cruz, situadas no norte de Minas Gerais. A caminhada caracteriza-se por elementos que remetem a uma religiosidade praticada na região das minas, nos séculos XVII/XVIII, que foi retomada pelos moradores das referidas comunidades, sem a presença de membros da hierarquia eclesiástica. Estes dados configuraram problema deste estudo à medida em que despertou o desejo de descobrir como tal prática se mantem viva, nestes tempos em que a sociedade é mais urbana do que rural; como um fenômeno religioso característico de uma religiosidade dos tempos coloniais no Brasil, se estendeu ao século XXI. Um trabalho inicial junto às comunidades trouxeram as seguintes indagações: qual é a origem da devoção à cruz na ―Caminhada Santa Cruz‖? Por que motivo interrompe-se a rotina para a caminhada e o quanto se faz importante para o devoto? O que a cruz significa para o devoto? Em busca de respostas, este estudo objetivou construir a história desse fenômeno religioso — sobre o qual registros escritos são quase inexistentes — para que dela pudesse extrair não somente a origem, mas as práticas e suas características, os participantes, rupturas e continuidades no seu interior; e ainda delinear a concepção da cruz que permeia a prática dos devotos. Uma primeira hipótese era a de que a concepção que os atuais participantes tem da cruz, na Caminhada Santa Cruz, está ligada à cultura do cotidiano e da tradição; outra hipótese, a de que a devoção sofreu influência das mudanças em curso no campo religioso regional. A pesquisa bibliográfica inicial norteou a observação da caminhada comunitária in loco: sua organização e seus rituais em três cruzeiros da região, nos anos de 2013 e 2014. Esse acompanhamento foi registrado com fotografias e em diário de campo. Questionários e entrevistas foram utilizados para, através da metodologia da História Oral, construir a história da caminhada, tomando auxílio de referências com abordagens histórica e antropológica. A conclusão é que, além de a devoção ter surgido no contexto do catolicismo popular quanto à desvinculação da hierarquia eclesiástica — tal é o modo como este foi praticado no Brasil Colônia —, a prática nasceu há um século e se mantém naquele mesmo lugar. Foi interrompida por 13 anos até ser retomada e reconfigurada conforme necessidades e objetivos devocionais daquele povo, que deixa suas atividades diárias para se dedicarem ao evento. Orações de exorcismo e uso do sinal da cruz repetidas vezes na ―defesa contra o inimigo‖ revelaram a dimensão mística da devoção à cruz no imaginário desse grupo devoto, o que o singulariza. Eis, então, a relevância deste estudo para as Ciências da Religião: a revisitação do tema clássico e o empírico investigado

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Belchior Oliveira Chaves.pdf: 20550889 bytes, checksum: cccbdf227599fe22c19d2568ab051749 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The main concern of this study was to understand the persistence and transformation of the devotion to Our Lady of Aparecida. Therefore, it was important not only to understand its symbolic, economic and social, dimensions as well as to understand their interfaces. Therefore, we sought to explain the origins, settlement and emancipation of the municipality, the emergence and expansion of the devotion to Our Lady of Aparecida, up to receiving the title of Patron of Brazil, disputes over power, legitimacy and ownership of the devotion by the Church and the government; the use of religious tourism in the development of the city, its economic dimension and centralization of resources, the symbolic dimension of she devotion and of the Church discourse against devotional Catholicism and the role of the devotee, tourist and pilgrim. The study was involved a review of literature and primary sources in the archives of the natural shame memo sand Documentation Center, field research, direct observation and recorded interviews with the regional tourism officials, Catholic leaders involved with tourism and devotees living in the city. The results showed the transformation of traditional forms of devotion from the segmentation of the market of tourist activities, a process that is a new synthesis of contemporary social practices. We conclude that there is a strong relationship in Aparecida between tourism and religion, the Church seeing was the institution that officiated the devotion to Our Lady and in the final years of the nineteenth century developed actions known as Romanization expanding its symbolic, economic and social power / A principal preocupação deste trabalho foi entender as persistências e transformações da devoção a Nossa Senhora Aparecida. Para tanto, foi importante não só entender as dimensões simbólica, econômica e social do fenômeno, como compreender suas interfaces. Sendo assim, buscamos investigar as origens, povoamento e emancipação do município; o surgimento e expansão da devoção a Nossa Senhora Aparecida, até alcançar o titulo de Padroeira do Brasil; as disputas de campo pela Igreja e pelo poder público por legitimação e apropriação da devoção; a utilização do Turismo Religioso no desenvolvimento da cidade, sua dimensão econômica e sua centralização de recursos, a dimensão simbólica da devoção e o discurso da Igreja frente ao catolicismo devocional e o papel do devoto, turista e do romeiro. O estudo foi realizado a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e de fontes primárias nos arquivos do Centro de Documentação e Memória do Santuário Nacional, pesquisa de campo, observação direta e entrevistas gravadas com os agentes públicos do turismo regional, dirigentes católicos envolvidos com o produto turístico e devotos moradores da cidade. Os resultados apontaram as transformações das formas tradicionais de devoção a partir da segmentação das atividades turísticas de mercado, processo que tem por síntese novas práticas sociais contemporâneas. Conclui-se que existe uma relação muito forte em Aparecida entre a atividade turística e a religião, por ter sido a Igreja Católica a instituição que oficializou a devoção a Nossa Senhora e, nos anos finais do século XIX, desenvolveu ações conhecidas como romanização ampliando seu poder simbólico econômico e social

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Belchior Oliveira Chaves.pdf: 20550889 bytes, checksum: cccbdf227599fe22c19d2568ab051749 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The main concern of this study was to understand the persistence and transformation of the devotion to Our Lady of Aparecida. Therefore, it was important not only to understand its symbolic, economic and social, dimensions as well as to understand their interfaces. Therefore, we sought to explain the origins, settlement and emancipation of the municipality, the emergence and expansion of the devotion to Our Lady of Aparecida, up to receiving the title of Patron of Brazil, disputes over power, legitimacy and ownership of the devotion by the Church and the government; the use of religious tourism in the development of the city, its economic dimension and centralization of resources, the symbolic dimension of she devotion and of the Church discourse against devotional Catholicism and the role of the devotee, tourist and pilgrim. The study was involved a review of literature and primary sources in the archives of the natural shame memo sand Documentation Center, field research, direct observation and recorded interviews with the regional tourism officials, Catholic leaders involved with tourism and devotees living in the city. The results showed the transformation of traditional forms of devotion from the segmentation of the market of tourist activities, a process that is a new synthesis of contemporary social practices. We conclude that there is a strong relationship in Aparecida between tourism and religion, the Church seeing was the institution that officiated the devotion to Our Lady and in the final years of the nineteenth century developed actions known as Romanization expanding its symbolic, economic and social power / A principal preocupação deste trabalho foi entender as persistências e transformações da devoção a Nossa Senhora Aparecida. Para tanto, foi importante não só entender as dimensões simbólica, econômica e social do fenômeno, como compreender suas interfaces. Sendo assim, buscamos investigar as origens, povoamento e emancipação do município; o surgimento e expansão da devoção a Nossa Senhora Aparecida, até alcançar o titulo de Padroeira do Brasil; as disputas de campo pela Igreja e pelo poder público por legitimação e apropriação da devoção; a utilização do Turismo Religioso no desenvolvimento da cidade, sua dimensão econômica e sua centralização de recursos, a dimensão simbólica da devoção e o discurso da Igreja frente ao catolicismo devocional e o papel do devoto, turista e do romeiro. O estudo foi realizado a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e de fontes primárias nos arquivos do Centro de Documentação e Memória do Santuário Nacional, pesquisa de campo, observação direta e entrevistas gravadas com os agentes públicos do turismo regional, dirigentes católicos envolvidos com o produto turístico e devotos moradores da cidade. Os resultados apontaram as transformações das formas tradicionais de devoção a partir da segmentação das atividades turísticas de mercado, processo que tem por síntese novas práticas sociais contemporâneas. Conclui-se que existe uma relação muito forte em Aparecida entre a atividade turística e a religião, por ter sido a Igreja Católica a instituição que oficializou a devoção a Nossa Senhora e, nos anos finais do século XIX, desenvolveu ações conhecidas como romanização ampliando seu poder simbólico econômico e social

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Micheliny Verunschk Pinto Machado.pdf: 8384224 bytes, checksum: e382c56c67184b312910f4f1893b765f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / I killed the saint: popular devotions and multimediations This research investigates the relationships, dialogues and porosities between non-canonical devotions in Brazil and Argentina and the discourses that permeate them: from a guadalupean model of christianization in the continent to mediatic propositions. In the corpus of the research five cases of popular devotion in both countries have been examined: Menina sem Nome (Nameless girl), Tânia Maria and Aída Curi, in Brazil, and Gilda and Difunta Correa (Diseased Correa), in Argentina. These cases have been analyzed under the perspective of cultural mestizaje, of baroque mechanisms of culture in Latin America, as well as that of border culture. Narratives in printed communication media have been examined under the hypothesis that fabulation and veneration are constantly created, recreated, and updated by each other, since these media occupy the role of traditional Catholic hagiography. This circularity is analyzed by Jesús Martin-Barbero as popular acts by which elements of culture are resignified. Being Latin America the locus of mestizaje and hybridization, investigating this non canonic sacred also means to understand the fictionalizing processes of life and mythologizing of everyday life elements. These devotional practices suggest a recreation of social reality, with exchange and reallocation of powers in a spectacular, fantastic, even fabled way inventing a lively and plurisignifying text. The role of such printed media seems to be preponderant as an itinerary for such elaborations, but it is from hence that the theme of this study arises: which are the translations elaborated so that printed news become sacred practices? / Esta pesquisa propõe investigar relações, diálogos e porosidades entre devoções não canônicas nos contextos brasileiro e argentino e os discursos que as atravessam: de um modelo guadalupeano de cristianização do continente às proposições midiáticas. No corpus estão elencados casos de devoções populares dos dois países: Menina sem Nome, Tânia Maria e Aída Curi, no Brasil; Gilda e Difunta Correa, na Argentina. Estes exemplos são analisados sob a perspectiva da mestiçagem cultural, dos mecanismos barroquizantes da cultura na América Latina e da cultura de bordas. As narrativas em veículos da mídia impressa são examinadas tendo como pressuposto a hipótese de que fabulações e venerações são constantemente criadas, recriadas e atualizadas umas pelas outras, com esses veículos ocupando o papel das tradicionais hagiografias católicas. Essa circularidade é tratada por Jesús Martin-Barbero como a atuação popular na ressignificação dos elementos da cultura. Sendo a América Latina o lugar da mestiçagem e das hibridizações por excelência, investigar esse sagrado não canônico significa também compreender os processos de ficcionalização da vida e da mitologização de elementos do cotidiano. Em alguma medida, essas práticas devocionais sugerem a reelaboração da realidade social, com realocações e trocas de poder, de uma maneira espetacular e adentrando pelo fantástico e pelo fabulatório na formação de um texto vivo e plurissignificante. O papel das mídias impressas parece ser preponderante como roteiro para essas elaborações e é justamente daí que surge o principal problema da pesquisa: quais são as operações de tradução empreendidas para que a notícia impressa se converta também em caminho para as práticas do Sagrado?

A presente tese visa analisar um grupo específico de poemas de Dante Gabriel Rossetti (os chamados poemas de imagens), e pinturas e gravuras de sua autoria, a fim de mostrar como a ligação entre desejo físico e devoção espiritual ilustra a expressão de Rossetti como artista, e como ela ajuda a colocá-lo como uma figura de transição no sistema literário britânico. O desejo físico e a devoção espiritual são duas forças antagônicas que ocupam um espaço predominante na literatura e na imaginação vitoriana, e na obra de Rossetti temos o momento em que a Poesia Romântica Inglesa converge para o Modernismo experimental britânico. A tese deste estudo, portanto, é de que trabalhando com essas duas forças, Rossetti tornou-se um precursor do Modernismo na Grã-Bretanha. Este trabalho investiga, desse modo, como a tensão vitoriana entre devoção espiritual e desejo erótico é representada em pinturas de Rossetti, como as suas vozes poéticas lidam com estas questões, e que soluções são criadas nas obras do poeta-pintor. Para alcançar os objetivos acima, esta tese relata uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a interação entre poesia e pintura e uma análise, de cunho psicanalítico, de obras pictóricas e poéticas de Rossetti. O primeiro capítulo apresenta um histórico da discussão sobre a relação entre poesia e pintura e um resumo dos conceitos freudianos a serem utilizados na análise. O segundo capítulo faz uma revisão da fortuna crítica de Rossetti e dos movimentos artísticos e literários aos quais ele é associado. O terceiro capítulo analisa um grupo das “obras duplas” de Rossetti (i.e., quadros e poemas), identificando como são construídas as imagens de devoção e desejo, e como elas se inter-relacionam. A conclusão estabelece a contribuição da obra poética e pictórica de Rossetti para o desenvolvimento dos sistemas literário e artístico britânico, à luz da relação dinâmica entre os aspectos de devoção e desejo presentes na sua obra, e analisa seu papel no cenário vitoriano. Apresenta também o papel de Rossetti na transição do Romantismo ao Modernismo britânico. A tese contém também dois apêndices: a) uma cronologia de fatos relevantes da vida de Rossetti e das obras aqui estudadas, e b) as “obras duplas” analisadas neste trabalho. / This dissertation analyzes a specific group of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s poems (the so-called picture poems) and pictures, in order to show how the connection between physical desire and spiritual devotion illustrates Rossetti’s expression as an artist, and how it helps to place him as a figure of transition in the British literary system. Physical desire and spiritual devotion are two antagonistic forces which occupy a predominant space in Victorian literature and imagination, and in Rossetti’s work we have the moment in which Romantic English Poetry melts into experimental British Modernism. The thesis of this study, therefore, is that by working with those two forces, Rossetti became a precursor of Modernism in Britain. This dissertation thus investigates how the Victorian tension between spiritual devotion and erotic desire is represented in Rossetti’s paintings and drawings, how the speakers in his poems deal with these issues, and what solutions are created in Rossetti’s works. In order to reach the objectives above, this dissertation comprises a bibliographical review of the relationship between poetry and painting, and a psychoanalytical analysis of pictorial and poetic works by Rossetti. The first chapter presents a historical account of the discussion on the relationship between poetry and painting, as well as a summary of the Freudian concepts to be used in the analysis. The second chapter reviews Rossetti’s critical fortune and presents the artistic and literary movements with which he is associated. The third chapter analyses a set of Rossetti’s double works (i.e. pictures and poems), identifying how the images of devotion and desire are built and how they interrelate within the works. The dissertation conclusion establishes the contribution of Rossetti’s poetic and pictorial works to the development of the British literary and artistic systems in light of the dynamic relationship between the aspects of devotion and desire in his work, and analyses his role in the Victorian scenario. Rossetti’s role in the development from British Romanticism to Modernism is also presented. The dissertation has two appendixes: a) a chronology of relevant events in Rossetti’s life associated with the works studied here, and b) the double works analyzed in this dissertation.

Actif de ca. 1420 à ca. 1450-1460, le Maître de la « Légende dorée » de Munich est, comme le Maître de Dunois, une personnalité issue de l'atelier de Bedford. Miniaturiste ayant surtout exercé à Paris, son œuvre témoigne aussi d'ancrages provinciaux, normands et ligériens notamment. Ce travail s'appuie sur un catalogue de 48 manuscrits, dont 41 livres d'heures. L'étude vise à dégager des spécificités iconographiques et stylistiques du Maître. Parmi les premières se notent l'intérêt marqué pour l'ornementation et le souci du détail, ainsi des auréoles ouvragées, voûtes aux nervures festonnées, livres et meubles. Trait iconographique saillant de l'œuvre tant par sa fréquence que par sa nouveauté, les épis de blé aux crèches font l'objet d'une étude attentive, du fait du sens dont ils sont porteurs et du possible lien entre ce motif et la spiritualité contemporaine, notamment la Dévotion Moderne. Stylistiquement, le Maître de la « Légende dorée » de Munich se caractérise par des lèvres aux commissures tombantes, des arcades sourcilières marquées au trait, dont il use aussi abondamment pour souligner carnations et contours d'objets, et par une palette riche et contrastée. Calendriers et décors marginaux ont également servi à des rapprochements pour aboutir à des regroupements chronologiques au sein du corpus. Inspiré, directement ou via des modèles puisés au sein de l'atelier Bedford, par les Limbourg, le Maître d'Egerton et la peinture septentrionale, le Maître de la « Légende dorée » de Munich a collaboré, comme maître d’œuvre ou peintre de quelques miniatures, avec d'autres artistes, documentés ou non. Il a pu travailler pour des commanditaires aussi bien anglais que français. / As the Dunois Master, the Munich « Golden Legend » Master, fl. from ca. 1420 to ca. 1450-1460, is one artistic figure originating from the Bedford workshop. This miniaturist was active mostly in Paris, but his work also shows connections with provinces like Normandy and the Loire valley. This paper is based on a 48-manuscript catalogue, among which are 41 books of hours. The study aims at bringing out the iconographic and stylistic Master's salient features. Among the first, one notes a deep interest in details and ornaments, which is to be found in finely wrought haloes, vaults with festooned ribs, books and furniture. Within the corpus, ears of wheat in cribs are noteworthy due to both their frequency and novelty. They are subject to deep insight due to the meaning they bear, and to the possible relationship between this motif and the contemporary spirituality, especially the Modern Devotion. Stylistically, typical of the Munich « Golden Legend » Master are falling lip-corners, eyebrow arches marked with line, which he also largely uses to underline flesh tones and object outlines. His range of colours is varied and full of contrasts. Calendars and marginal decoration have also been used to compare manuscripts, in order to build chronological groupings within the corpus. The Munich « Golden Legend » Master has been, either directly or via models available inside the Bedford workshop, influenced by the Limbourgs, the Egerton Master and northern painting. He cooperated, being the chief illuminator or simply helping by painting a few miniatures, with other artists, whether documented or not, and may have worked for both English and French patrons.

La thèse consiste en une étude monographique analytique et transdisciplinaire des peintures médiévales à sujet religieux de la vallée de Suse (Piémont). Cette région présente en effet, et particulièrement dans cette longue fin du Moyen Âge, entre les XIVe et XVIe siècles, une aire géographique dense et fréquentée puisqu'il s'agit d'une des voies de traversée des Alpes par excellence. Articulée entre deux grandes entités politiques, les états de Savoie et le Dauphiné de Viennois, la vallée relève du diocèse de Turin mais connaît une agitation religieuse certaine par la présence vaudoise. Elle offre ainsi un panorama complexe et une lecture fascinante des vallées de montagne des Alpes occidentales. Son corpus de peintures murales conservées et documentées représente un matériel important pour son analyse à travers les représentations culturelles dans les images, suivant une approche anthropologique. À travers l'étude des caractéristiques iconographiques et stylistiques en parallèle des données pluricontextuelles religieuses, politiques et sociologiques, la recherche a pour objectifs d'analyser les enjeux culturels des représentations murales alpines. La thèse explore ainsi d'une part les interactions entre les territoires et les pouvoirs, les relations entre l'image et les pratiques religieuses. L'analyse se penche d'autre part sur les réceptions artistiques en lien potentiel avec les aléas historiques et religieux et l'implantation spatiale. Les effets de migration des artistes mais aussi la question des transferts culturels et artistiques les concernant sont traités, notamment à travers les relations entre les sites centraux et ceux de périphérie. L'objectif de la thèse est en effet d'esquisser une synthèse de la peinture murale valsusaine à la fin du Moyen Âge, tout en questionnant la problématique des cultures alpines, finalement plurielles, et leurs enjeux à travers l'image murale médiévale. / The thesis comprises a monographic, analytic and transdisciplinary study of the medieval paintings with religious subject matters in the Susa valley (Piedmont). This area is densely populated and travelled, particularly during the long end of the Middle Ages between the XIVth and XVIth centuries, as it is one of the main thoroughfares through the Alps. Split between two major political entities, Savoy and the Dauphiné Viennois, the valley pertains to the diocese of Turin despite the religious turmoil due to the waldensian presence. Thus it offers a broad view of the complex and fascinating mountain valleys of the western Alps. Its corpus of preserved and documented wall paintings is a substantial material for analysis through cultural depictions with an anthropological approach. By studying distinctive iconographic and stylistic features concurrently with the pluricontextual religious, political, and sociological data, the study aims to analyse cultural stakes of alpine mural depictions. The thesis delves on the one hand into the interactions between territories and powers, the relationships of images with devotional customs. On the other hand the analysis looks into artistic receptions and their links to historical and religious vagaries or spatial settlements. The effects of artist migrations and the broader question of cultural and artistic transference they pertain to are also addressed, for instance through the relationship between central and peripheral sites. The objective of the thesis is indeed to sketch a summary of Susa valley paintings in the end of the Middle Ages, while surveying the issues of the subtly plural alpine cultures and their stakes through medieval murals.

Cette thèse étudie le rôle de la reine Katherine Parr (c. 1512-1548) et de son proche entourage féminin dont l’aristocrate Elizabeth Tyrwhit (c. 1519-1578) dans l’instauration de la Réforme. En effet, la dernière épouse d’Henri VIII, auteur de deux manuels de dévotion et première reine anglaise à voir ses écrits publiés, s’entourait des Protestants de la cour. La situation confessionnelle complexe de la fin du règne d’Henri VIII fut marquée par un retour au catholicisme strict, avec des restrictions concernant les pratiques, notamment la lecture de la Bible. Cependant, un certain nombre de personnalités acquises aux idées de la Réforme parvinrent à rester en place. Alors que les femmes n’avaient qu’un accès très limité à la Bible (The Act for the Advancement of True Religion and for the Abolishment of the contrary de 1543 le leur interdisait, sauf si elles étaient de très haut rang), une jeune femme, Anne Askew (1521-1546), quitta le domicile familial et intégra les réseaux protestants de Londres où elle prêcha ce qui lui valut d’être condamnée pour hérésie. La faction conservatrice, la sachant en contact avec les dames de la cour, la tortura lors de son second interrogatoire dans le but d’obtenir des noms de Protestants mais elle resta silencieuse et fut condamnée à brûler vive en juillet 1546. Le règne d’Édouard VI permit au protestantisme de s’imposer comme religion d’État puis, après l’intermède catholique romain du règne de Marie Ière, Élisabeth Ière rétablit le Protestantisme ce qui permit à Elizabeth Tyrwhit de publier librement son manuel de dévotion en 1574. Ce travail explore les démarches des trois femmes, leurs témoignages de foi et leur influence auprès de leurs contemporains et au-delà. / This thesis examines the role of Queen Katherine Parr (c.1512-1548) and her close female entourage, including the aristocrat Elizabeth Tyrwhit (c.1519-1578) in the establishment of the Reformation. Indeed, Parr, Henry VIII’s last wife, author of two manuals of devotion and the first English queen to see her writings published, surrounded herself with the Protestants of the court. The complex confessional situation at the end of Henry VIII's reign was marked by a return to strict Catholicism, with restrictions on practices, including reading of the Bible. However, a certain number of courtiers already won over to the ideas of the Reformation managed to keep their positions at court. While women had very limited access to the Bible (the 1543 Act for the Advancement of True Religion and for the Abolishment of the contrary forbade them access to the Scriptures, unless they were of very high birth), a young woman, Anne Askew (1521-1546), left the family home and integrated the Protestant networks of London where she preached, which caused her to be condemned for heresy. The conservative faction, knowing she was in contact with the ladies of the court, tortured her during her second interrogation in order to obtain the names of Protestants but she remained silent and was condemned to burn alive in July 1546. The reign of Edward VI allowed Protestantism to establish itself as the official religion, and after the Roman Catholic interlude of Mary I, Elizabeth I re-established Protestantism, which enabled Elizabeth Tyrwhit to freely publish her devotional manual in 1574. This work explores the attitudes of the three women through their testimonies of faith and their influence with their contemporaries and beyond.

This dissertation presents a new perspective on the function of objects in late-medieval devotional practice through a study of the so-called Soissons group of thirteenth-century French Gothic ivories. These ivory diptychs were sophisticated tools constructed to guide the user through various spiritual exercises that led to prayer. The hitherto unexplained increase in the availability of ivory in mid-thirteenth-century France is accounted for by an alteration in the trade routes that brought elephant tusks from the Swahili coast of Africa to northern Europe: a newly-opened passage through the Straits of Gibraltar allowed a small amount of luxury goods to be shipped together with bulk materials necessary to the northern textile industries. The increasing supply required a revision of the structure of the thirteenth-century craft of ivory. The Soissons group, the first ivory diptychs fashioned during this time of growth in ivory markets, is subdivided into two sections. An itinerant master who traveled throughout the Picard region between 1235 and 1270 crafted the first group. Concurrently, three separate Parisian artists produced the second group based on a Picard model. This dissertation redates all the ivories substantially earlier than previously thought, conclusions which were attained through stylistic analysis. The dense Passion iconography shaped the diptychs’ function in private devotion. The narrative encouraged the viewer to practice a number of spiritual exercises—reading, memorization and compunction—analogous to the three reasons for allowing images in the Christian Church, the triplex ratio. The Passion diptych format introduced with these objects was immensely popular throughout the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and its conservation over time underscored its effectiveness. The small differences in iconography and composition among the seven Soissons diptychs, however, were subtle modifications to adjust to different audiences and to hone the objects’ efficacy as tools for prayer.