Le contentieux précontractuel des marchés publics en France et en Roumanie est une étude comparative qui a comme objet l’analyse synthétique et pragmatique des mécanismes nationaux français et roumains destinés à assurer la protection des opérateurs économiques contre les éventuels manquements aux principes de transparence et de mise en concurrence. La comparaison des deux ordres juridiques est initiée à partir de la présentation du droit européen du contentieux des marchés publics qui a influencé de manière substantielle les systèmes juridiques nationaux. Cette influence sera le point central de l’étude et elle facilitera une comparaison indirecte entre le droit français et le droit roumain qui ont réagi de façon similaire et différente à la fois face à la primauté du droit européen. Ainsi, forte de sa tradition historique en matière de contentieux administratif, la France a été plus réticente à intégrer les règles européennes et a dû accepter quelques compromis qui ont sensiblement bouleversé ses coutumes, notamment en ce qui concerne les pouvoirs du juge. Le système juridique roumain, plus jeune et moins encré dans des règles traditionnelles, a été plus ouvert aux attraits du droit européen à tel point qu’il a innové en créant un organisme administratif-juridictionnel spécialisé, plus adapté aux exigences de rapidité et d’efficacité imposées par les directives européennes. L’évolution de sa jurisprudence riche mais changeante et sa comparaison avec la jurisprudence du juge administratif français nous permettra de nous interroger sur le compromis nécessaire entre la légalité et la sécurité juridique dans la passation des marchés publics. / The precontractual disputes within the public procurement procedures in France and Romania represents a comparative study whose object is to synthetically and pragmatically analyse the national French and Romanian mechanisms aimed to ensure the protection of the economic operators against the eventual infringements of the transparency and competition principles. The comparison between the two legislative frameworks is initiated by the presentation of the European law of the disputes within the public procurement procedures, which significantly influenced the national legal systems. This influence shall be the study’s central point, which shall facilitate an indirect comparison between the French and Romanian law that have both similarly and differently reacted to the priority of the European law.Thus, based on its powerful historical tradition in the field of the disputes of the public procurement law, France was more reluctant to integrate the European rules and had to admit some compromise which had sensibly disturbed its tradition, especially with respect to the powers of the judge.The Romanian legal system, younger and less pegged in the traditional rules, was more opened to the attractions of the European law to such a point that it innovated by creating a specialised administrative-jurisdictional organism, more adapted to the celerity and efficiency exigencies imposed by the European Directives. The evolution of its jurisprudence, rich but inconstant and its comparison to the jurisprudence of the French administrative judge will allow an interrogation of the necessary compromise between the legalism and the legal security in the awarding of the public contracts procedures.

Building savings - legal and economical issues The aim of the thesis is the analysis of selected problematic issues - crucial to the functioning of building savings and also in relation to consumers and protection of its rights. The thesis is composed of six chapters which are dealing with legislation of building savings, especially with amendment in historical development with inheritance, with deposits of minors and valid way of terminating the contract of minors, with the bank charges in the context of preparatory transposition of 2014/17/ EU Directives on housing loans, and compares the economic aspects of both component of building savings with competitive products in the financial market. In the thesis I use the method of analysis, synthesis and induction in chapters in which I work with jurisprudence and in which I advocate a position of building savings in the banking market. In anticipation of the upcoming law on housing loans I require to include information obligation into the proposed legislation with emphasis not only on formal form but the content of communication. I confront the selected issues with valid jurisprudence and mention the original statutory framework and its new version after the recodification of private law and I pointed out the differences which the recodification...

Depuis quelques décennies, les actions conventionnelles des personnes publiques ont connu un remarquable essor. Elles recouvrent toutefois des réalités variables. Il est fréquent que les actes signés comportent certains éléments caractéristiques des contrats mais ne produisent ni droit ni obligation à l’égard des parties. Dans ces hypothèses, les appareils conceptuels traditionnels ne suffisent pas à rendre compte des pratiques administratives. En l’état du droit, les qualificateurs n’ont guère le choix. Ils doivent opter pour l’une des deux possibilités admises : soit l’acte est un authentique contrat, soit il relève du non-droit. De sorte qu’il existe aujourd’hui un décalage entre les outils théoriques et les moyens administratifs. Cela invite à tracer les contours d’une nouvelle catégorie d’actes conventionnels, nommés conventions d’administration, dont les stipulations ne comprennent que des énoncés directifs, c’est-à-dire dépourvus d’impérativité. Élaborée au terme d’un examen matériel, elle peut être conçue comme une espèce relevant d’un genre, celui des actes conventionnels, dont l’identification procède d’une analyse formelle. Les conventions d’administration se trouvent ainsi séparées des contrats. Et il est possible de corroborer cette distinction en mettant en exergue leur fonction substitutive. Phénomènes juridiques et administratifs, les conventions d’administration sont en outre soumises à quelques normes et subissent des contrôles perfectibles. Adopter une telle approche permet non seulement de mieux rendre compte des instruments contemporains, et de les soumettre à un encadrement adapté, mais redonne aussi à la notion de contrat sa cohérence. / In a few decades, the conventional actions of the public persons knew a remarkable development. Nevertheless, it is frequent that the signed acts contain certain characteristic elements of contracts but do not produce either straight ahead or obligation towards the parties. In these hypotheses, the traditional theoretical concepts are not enough to report administrative practices. Those who qualify have to opt for one of both accepted possibilities: either the act is an authentic contract, or it recovers from the non-law. It invites to draw the outlines of a new category of conventional acts, named agreements of administration, the conditions of which include only directive statements, that is devoid of imperative sentences. Elaborated in the term of a material examination, it can be conceived as a sort recovering from a kind, that of the conventional acts, the identification of which proceeds of a formal analysis. The agreements of administration are so separated from contracts. And it is possible to confirm this distinction by highlighting their substitute function. Legal and administrative phenomena, the agreements of administration are besides subjected to some rules and undergo perfectible controls. Such an approach allows not only to report better contemporary instruments, and to subject them to an adapted control, but also restore in the notion of contract its coherence.

Criminal aspects of advanced directives and Do Not Resuscitate orders Abstract The aim of this thesis was to analyse current legal regulation of advanced directives and Do Not Resuscitate orders, particularly of their criminal aspects. These legal concepts are relatively new in the Czech law, therefore there are still many questions about them and Czech law unfortunately does not offer definite answers. In the first chapters I focused on general criminal aspects of provision of health services. I analysed conditions of criminal liability in connection with health services, with emphasis on the principle of subsidiarity of criminal prosecution. In this part I also addressed the issue of mercy killing, by another name euthanasia and its differentiation from other types of end-of-life decision making. In the second chapter, I approached the matter of criminal liability of providers of health care services, as legal persons, which became after the last amendments in this area significant also for health care. The following chapters were dedicated to advanced directives. At first, I analysed this legal concept in the matter of civil law, which is essential for its comprehensive interpretation. I tried to identify the main ambiguities of the legal regulation, whether regarding new regulation of substitute...

O presente trabalho tem por escopo o estudo do princípio do respeito à autonomia do paciente à luz das recentes alterações trazidas pelo novo CEM Resolução do Conselho Federal de Medicina nº 1.931, de 17 de setembro de 2009 , que prestigia a autonomia do paciente e propõe um novo formato para a relação médico-paciente, impondo novas posturas tanto ao médico como ao paciente, e privilegia sua autodeterminação, ao mesmo tempo em que o obriga à tomada de decisões e à assunção de responsabilidade compartilhada quanto ao processo terapêutico. O objeto do estudo é a nova relação médico-paciente sob o enfoque da autonomia do último, ressaltando-se a responsabilidade compartilhada com o médico em relação à tomada de decisões atinentes ao processo terapêutico, às escolhas terapêuticas, bem como os limites e o conteúdo do poder de decidir e sua autonomia diante da enfermidade e da terminalidade da vida. Nesta hipótese, a reflexão concentra-se nos cuidados paliativos e na adoção de diretivas prévias estatuídas pelo paciente a serem observadas pelo médico e por eventual terceiro responsável por aquele, caso ele não possa manifestar sua vontade durante cuidados paliativos ou situações que revelem iminente terminalidade. / This proposal aims to study the principle of respect for patient autonomy in light of recent changes introduced by the new CEM Resolution of the Federal Medical Council nº 1931 of September 17, 2009 which honors the patients autonomy and proposes a new format for the doctor-patient relationship, imposing new attitudes to both the patient and physician, emphasizes self-determination and, at the same time that forces decision making and the assumption of shared responsibility as to the therapeutic process. The object of the study is the new doctor-patient relationship from the perspective of this autonomy, emphasizing shared responsibility with the physician regarding decisions pertaining to the therapeutic process, the therapeutic choices, and the limits of power and content and their autonomy to decide on the terminally ill and life. In this case, reflection focuses on palliative care and the adoption of policies laid by the previous patient to be seen by the doctor and by any third party responsible for that, if he can not express his desire for palliative care or situations that reveal impending finality.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraBianca.pdf: 786589 bytes, checksum: 5313085ac6f29723bba90466fafb0856 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-14 / This study talks about the critic formation of the educator in the context of national curricular reformulations, having as aims: analyze the critical formation of the educator in the context of teaching subjects reformulations; analyze the National Curricular Directives for Elementary Education, the National Curricular Directives for Pedagogy Course and the Pedagogic Project of a course, which expresses the critic formation in the teaching graduation; know the process of elaboration of the Pedagogical Project of the course and the main changes carried out as well as investigate the comprehension of teachers and coordinators about the critic formation of the educator. This research is part of a wider study project sponsored by CNPq entitled “Learning of the Teaching Competence in Licentiates in the context of changes in the Teaching Courses”, which is done by the program of Post-Graduation in Education – Mastership, from the State University of Ponta Grossa. The methodological approach of the research is qualitative, whose procedures of information collection are based on the documental researches and on semi-structured interviews with the ones responsible for the formation of the chosen course. The collected data was taken to analysis and confronted with the theorical referentials of the Critic Pedagogy, from the contributions of Giroux, Contreras and Freire. We obtained nine analysis units: the relation theory and practice; the research as essential element in the teachers´ graduation; the speeding of PPC elaboration; the discontinuity of participation of the professors; the non-definition of the course identity and the curricular structure; the absence of schools in the PPC elaboration; the critic formation and its different conceptions; a more articulated course; the institutional conditions. Summing up the analyzed information, we confirmed the necessity of thinking about the critic formation of the educator being desired by the collective educators and based on emancipator perspectives, which enable reading of the world and some reading of the school to the educator. / Este estudo trata da formação do pedagogo no contexto das reformulações curriculares nacionais, tendo como objetivos: analisar a formação do pedagogo no contexto das reformulações curriculares das licenciaturas; analisar como as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação de professores da Educação Básica, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia e o Projeto Pedagógico de um Curso expressam uma perspectiva crítica na formação docente do pedagogo; conhecer o processo de elaboração do Projeto Pedagógico de Curso e as principais mudanças realizadas nos mesmos e investigar a compreensão de professores e coordenadores sobre a formação do pedagogo. Esta pesquisa integra um projeto de pesquisa mais amplo financiado pelo CNPq intitulado “Ensino e aprendizagem da Competência Docente em Licenciandos no contexto das mudanças nos cursos de Licenciatura”, que é realizado pelo programa de Pós-graduação em Educação – Mestrado, da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. A abordagem metodológica da pesquisa é qualitativa, cujos procedimentos de coleta de informações são fundamentados na pesquisa documental e em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com formadores do curso pesquisado. As informações coletadas foram submetidas à análise e confrontadas com os referenciais teóricos da Pedagogia Crítica, a partir das contribuições de Giroux, Contreras e Freire. Obtivemos nove unidades de análise: a relação teoria e prática; a pesquisa como elemento essencial na formação de professores; o aligeiramento da elaboração do PPC; a descontinuidade da participação dos formadores; a indefinição da identidade do curso e a estruturação curricular; a ausência das escolas na elaboração do PPC; a formação crítica e suas diferentes concepções; um curso mais articulado; as condições institucionais. Como conclusão das informações analisadas, confirmamos a necessidade de se pensar na formação crítica do pedagogo sendo almejada pelo coletivo dos formadores e fundamentada em perspectivas emancipatórias, que possibilitem uma leitura de mundo e uma leitura da escola ao pedagogo.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-10T11:27:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Zangerolami Garcia Paes de Almeida.pdf: 613760 bytes, checksum: 65c0e5324d6b4ca63491b77f80a37909 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T11:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Zangerolami Garcia Paes de Almeida.pdf: 613760 bytes, checksum: 65c0e5324d6b4ca63491b77f80a37909 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / The purpose of this work is to study the binding trend of the labor precedents and case law directives, taking into consideration the position currently adopted by the Courts who make mandatory use of these institutions. In order to so, an analysis of the common law and civil law legal systems had to be made, by performing a historic research and presenting its conceptual, structural and rule applicability divergences, as well as the favorable and unfavorable arguments related to the validity of the application of these items in our country. Before expressing any opinion regarding the applicability between the systems, it was necessary to think critically and to reflect on the sociological reality of Brazil and the manner in which the judiciary branch is currently conducted. We have verified that the precedents issued by the Superior Labor Court are inevitably endowed with a binding trend and, thus, must go through the means of control and validity of our system / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da tendência vinculante das Súmulas e Orientações Jurisprudenciais no âmbito trabalhista, tendo em vista a atual posição adotada pelos Tribunais que fazem uso obrigatório desses institutos. Para tanto, foi preciso uma análise dos sistemas jurídicos, common law e civil law, fazendo uma busca histórica e trazendo suas divergências conceituais, estruturais e de aplicabilidade da norma, bem como os argumentos favoráveis e desfavoráveis em relação à validade da aplicação desses verbetes em nosso país. Antes de qualquer opinião acerca da aplicabilidade entre os sistemas, fez-se necessário um pensar crítico-reflexivo da realidade sociológica brasileira e a forma com que, atualmente, o Poder Judiciário é conduzido. Verificamos que os precedentes expedidos pelo Tribunal Superior do Trabalho são, inevitavelmente, dotados de tendência vinculante e, por isso, devem passar pelos meios de controle e validade do nosso ordenamento

Abstract Under de senaste decennierna har den finansiella globaliseringen ökat, vilket har lett till ekonomiska och politiska förändringar, samt en ökad global konkurrens. Dessa förändringar har i sin tur lett till ett större krav på hög kvalitet av bokföringsprinciper. Då olikheter inom exempelvis legala, politiska, ekonomiska och kulturella faktorer har lett till utvecklandet av olika bokförings principer i olika länder, kan det i nuläget vara svårt för investerare och externa aktörer att förstå och bedöma finansiella rapporter länder emellan. Således hade det underlättat med gemensamma bestämmelser av bokföringsprinciper, vilket hade ökat jämförbarheten, relevansen samt trovärdigheten av företag som verkar inom samma marknad men är baserade i olika länder. Eftersom ett av Europeiska Unionens mål är att främja en enda gemensam marknad, vilket görs genom att harmonisera lagarna medlemsstaterna emellan, så har EU även introducerat en harmonisering av bokföringslagar. Harmonisering av redovisningssystemen är nödvändigt för att uppnå en enda gemensam marknad inom EU. Arbetet mot en harmonisering av redovisningssystemen startade redan i slutet av 50-talet när EU bildades, men är fortfarande inte helt utvecklat. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva vad brittiska revisorer tycker om den finansiella harmoniseringen av redovisningsprinciper. Målsättningen är att utifrån denna undersökning kunna svara på huruvida harmoniseringen är fördelaktig för börsnoterade företag i Storbritannien, enligt revisorers åsikt. Studien har bedrivits med en kvalitativ uppläggning. Efter att ha studerat befintliga teorier och information på området, genomfördes en empirisk undersökning genom omfattande intervjuer via telefon med två revisorer i Storbritannien. Utifrån vår undersökning kom vi fram till att våra två respondenter över lag har en positiv inställning till harmoniseringen samt att de anser harmoniseringen vara fördelaktig för börsnoterade företag i Storbritannien, men att implementeringen av de standardiserade redovisningsprinciperna är förknippad med ett flertal svårigheter, framför allt en hög kostnad.

This study aimed to investigate the use of accommodation of assertive utterances (AUs) in the conversations of 49 girls aged 5;0-13;1. Based on the findings of earlier research that the use of such language is more closely related to age than to gender, it was predicted speakers would accommodate their use of and response to assertive utterances as a result of their partner's age. Naturalistic language from these speakers was collected over a year, and evidence of accommodation was observed in all speakers. Fewer AUs were used with younger speakers compared to older ones, and those used with younger girls were more likely to be produced with the sole purpose of controlling the hearer's behaviour. In addition, AUs were more likely to be complied with, or accepted, when they were produced by older girls. Given what is known about the types of language used by powerful/powerless individuals, it appears that these speakers consider age to be an indicator of status. A particularly interesting finding was that it was the age of a speaker in relation to other members of the conversation that influenced their use of and response to AUs, rather than the age of the speaker alone.

Nursing Care for Terminal Patients in Intensive Care Units by Pervell Dunbar Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University August 2015 Although the goal of the ICU has always been to save lives, ICU now additionally provides end-of life (EOL) care. The objective of this project was to provide ICU nurses with a comprehensive awareness of physical, emotional, and spiritual EOL care issues of patients and their families in order to be better equipped to handle EOL care. The framework used was Jean Watson's Caring model (10 Caritas). A literature review revealed a poster previously used by a major health organization as a conversation starter to facilitate decision-making among ICU nurses, EOL patients, and their families related to EOL issues. The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to introduce and implement an educational EOL tool that would engage patients and family members in meaningful and useful conversations with ICU nurses. Twenty seven ICU nurses were selected by the unit's director to attend a PowerPoint presentation on the use of the EOL educational poster. Four ICU nurses were chosen by the director to be champions for this project. After the presentation, there was a period for questions and answers, and the ICU nurses were requested to give feedback on the presentation. The result from the feedback revealed that EOL care is outside previous practice and may require extra education and support. These comments substantiated similar conclusions from other researchers as described in this paper. With an increase in EOL training for ICU nurses and the implementation of EOL teaching tools like the poster used in this study, ICU nurses may be better able to have conversations with EOL patients and families, thus improving patient care.