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Thesis (M.J.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-101). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Yes / Discourse analysis is becoming an increasingly common approach in planning and environmental policy research. This paper asserts that the generic treatment of discourse analysis obscures distinct approaches where `discourses¿ can combine different elements of text, systems of thought, and action. Textually-oriented approaches have been more prevalent over the 1990s but this paper explores a different approach, grounded in the theory of Michel Foucault, which broadens discourse to embrace social action. Comparing and contrasting two studies which have utilised this approach, the paper suggests that there is considerable room for variation concerning the subjects of study, the institutional scale of analyses, the methods of investigation, and process of analysis. Nevertheless, this paper identifies certain core elements of a Foucauldian discourse analytic approach. The paper concludes that this emerging approach to discourse analysis promises considerable insights if applied more widely in planning and environmental research.

Darbe analizuojama intelektualo geba ir būtinybė kritiškai mąstyti disciplinarinės valdžios salygomis. Šios valdžios objektas yra visuomenės gyvenimas, populiacija, žmonių kūnai suprantami kaip vertingi ištekliai. Disciplinarinės valdžios uždavinys yra versti visuomenę augti tam tikra kryptimi, klasifikuoti, kategorizuoti individus taip, kad užtikrinti reguliarų išteklių atsinaujinimą; kai reikia – atsikratyti pertekliaus ir kontroliuoti jų augimą. Populiacija, suvokiama kaip resursai – žmogiškieji resursai, atsinaujinantys resursai – reikia prižiūrėt, kad jie nenunyktų, neišsivaikščiotų. Intelektualo funkcija šiuose procesuose yra nuolat konfrontuoti galios procesams, juos atpažinti, o atpažinus traukyti saitus. Foucault supranta, kad galios santykiai yra neišvengiami ir įvardina intelektualo laikyseną kaip stiprų pesimistinį aktyvizmą. Rezistencija svarbi kaip kritinio klausinėjimo kelias, kuris atveria suvokimą, kad visuomenės negalima aiškinti vien tik pasitelkus techninius galios apibrėžimus. Šis nuolatinės konfrontacijos kelias yra vienintelis, kuris lieka tikrąjam intelektualui. / This work analyzes the possibility and necessity to think critically in the condition of disciplinary government. The object of this kind of government is living in society, it’s population, bodies of people are understood as valuable resources. The aim of disciplinary government is to force society grow in certain direction, to classify and categorize individuals in such form, which can ensure renewal of regular resources. When we understand population as resources - human resources, renewal of resources – it is necessary supervise that these resources wouldn’t vanish. Intellectual’s function in these processes is to recognize and confront to these processes of power, to damage it’s bonds. Foucault understands the manifestations of modern disciplines in terms of power-knowledge relationship. These relationships of power are inevitable and designates intellectual’s attitude as strong pessimistic activism. Resistance is significant as the way of critical questioning, which opens perception, that we can’t treat society only in definitions of technical power. The ongoing confrontation is the only path that remains to the true intellectual.

Post-Apartheid South Africa has seen xenophobic sentiments towards migrants increase, culminating in several deadly riots. The words of equality and diversity, nurtured during the fight for independence seem to be far away. Building on Micheal Neocosmos theories on South African Xenophobia as a political discourse, this thesis examines how nationalist discourse creates and sustains negative perceptions of migrants. Using theories on national identity to undertake a critical discourse analysis of South African parliament proceedings, it illustrates how the perception of a civic and democratic nation, naturalizes a dichotomy between migrants and citizens. How the narrative of an equal and free South Africa, relies on the opposite perception of neighboring countries, as chaotic, undemocratic and un-free, resulting in a negative view of migrants. It argues that the opposing discourse of Pan-Africanism provides an opportunity in which a more inclusive identity can be built. Finally this thesis wishes to contribute to further research on national identity construction, by proposing a four-dimensional framework of exclusion that provides a reference point for contrasting national discourses

How to respond to ongoing genocide? How to punish her perpetrators? In 2014, world witnessed another modern genocide, the eradication of the whole ethnicity - the so-called Islamic State attacked an area in northern Iraq for centuries inhabited by members of a small but distinct ethnical group of Yazidi people. This diploma thesis deals with the establishment of discourse of Yazidi genocide, the process of recognition of events as genocide at the international level. In this work I investigate the definition of victims and aggressors and the international response to genocide, both in the media and political sphere. For the discourse of the Yazidi genocide was crucial to differentiate victims and violence against them from other events. Similarly, it was important to accurately name the perpetrators of genocide and treat them as a potential geopolitical threat, but as the cause of one of the worst crimes known to mankind. The discourse of the Yazidi genocide was largely determined by politicians - and, as I show in my work, the political dimension of events has pushed the humanitarian and legal ones behind. These all aspects take on the formation and maintenance of a given discourse.

Orientador: Carmen Zink Bolognini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis_IanOliveirade_M.pdf: 15784289 bytes, checksum: 29698860141ffa4f6ece26810ba5a82d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A partir de postulados da Análise do Discurso tais como: Efeitos de verdade estão relacionados ao poder, estão estabelecidos discursivamente por ele e fora dele inexistem (Foucault, 1969); Todo sujeito fala a partir de lugares de interlocução constituídos discursivamente e ideologicamente definidos ¿ ou seja, todo sujeito é constituído pelo discurso e, ao falar, põe em movimento a memória e a história da sua cultura, da sua sociedade, do seu país (Orlandi, 1993); Há sempre um jogo de força na memória sob o choque do acontecimento: jogo que visa manter uma regularização pré-existente, com os implícitos que ela veicula, que visa confrontá-la como estabilização parafrástica, negociando a integração do acontecimento até absorvê-lo e, eventualmente dissolvê-lo, mas também, ao contrário, jogo de força de uma desregulação que vem perturbar a rede de implícitos (Pêcheux, 1983), e com base na pesquisa efetuada por Zink (1996), acerca das relações de contato entre brasileiros e alemães, este trabalho analisa características das relações diplomáticas oficiais de contato Brasil/Alemanha, no que tange a parcerias de ação para a preservação do meio ambiente e da qualidade de vida no Planeta. Nele, além de serem pesquisadas características desse discurso oficial, investigamos em que medida a necessidade de não ignorar os danos ambientais produziu deslocamentos no funcionamento de discursos estabilizados nessas relações de contato e se o discurso sobre a necessidade de preservação ambiental reorganiza, ou não, as redes de memória anteriormente estabelecidas. Os resultados indicam, por um lado, oscilação entre um discurso afiliado ao chamado ¿paradigma social dominante¿ e um discurso preservacionista, de preocupação com o meio ambiente e contra a miséria e, por outro, oscilação entre a repetição dos lugares de interlocução anteriormente estabilizados e uma tendência à alteração desses lugares. Tal situação aponta para o alerta de Pêcheux (1983), de que para a caracterização da memória impregnada pelo acontecimento discursivo novo é necessário que se leve em conta ¿um espaço móvel de divisões, de disjunções, de deslocamentos e de retomadas, de conflitos de regularização (...), um espaço de desdobramentos, réplicas, polêmicas e contra-discursos¿ / Abstract: Based on premises of Discourse Analysis such as the following : Truth-effects are related to power, are established by power through discourse and outside its realm are inexistent (Foucault, 1969); Every subject speaks from interlocutory positions, which are discursively constituted and ideologically defined ¿ that is, every subject is constituted by discourse and, when speaks, the memory and history relative to the subject¿s culture, society and country are set in motion (Orlandi, 1993); There is always a power play within memory under the shock of events: such power play aims at maintaining a preexisting regularization, along with the implicit it coveys, it seeks to confront it as paraphrastic stabilization, negotiating the integration of the event until it is absorbed and, eventually dissolved, but also, in opposition, a power play from a deregulation which perturbs the implicit network (Pêcheux, 1983). And based on the research conducted by Zink (1996), about the relationship between Brazilians and Germans, the present work analyzes the characteristics of the contacts in official diplomatic relations betwee Brazil /Germany, in relation to partnerships for the protection and conservation of the environment and quality of life on Earth. Not only the characteristics of such official discourse were examined in the present work, but also how the need to recognize environmental damage produced dislocations in the functions of discourse established in such contact relations and, if the discourse concerning environmental preservation fosters, or not, a reorganization in the previously established memory networks. The results indicate, on one hand, an oscillation between a discourse affiliated to the so-called ¿dominant social paradigm¿, and a conservationist discourse, which is concerned with the environment and against misery, and on the other, an oscillation between the repetition of the previously stabilized interlocution places and a tendency towards the alteration of such places. Such situation points in the direction of Pêcheux¿s (1983) warning, that for the characterization of memory impregnated by a new discursive event it is necessary to take into account ¿a mobile space of divisions, disjunctions, dislocations, and reclaims, of regularization conflicts (...), a space of expansions, replicas, polemics and counter-discourses¿ / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

The man and the blame – A gender theoretical study of how the victim and the perpetrator are represented in Expressen’s reporting of rape during the trial against Kulturprofilen Jean-Claude Arnault. The theoretical frame of this study is Joan W. Scotts theory of poststructural feminism and Yvonne Hirdmans theory about the gender system, gender contract and the woman’s subordination. To examine how the victim and the perpetrator is represented in Expressen’s reporting of rape during the trial against Kulturprofilen Jean-Claude Arnault a method of critical discource analysis, CDA, has been used. The result of the study showed that the representation of the victim and the perpetrator in Expressen is strives towards equality in the representation in comparison with the international studies that are presented in the study where the victim, often women, are represented as perpetrators and the perpetrator, often men, are represented as victims in the news media reportage of rape when it comes to both Australia and the United kingdom. / Mannen och skulden – En genusteoretisk studie om hur offer och gärningsman representeras i Expressens rapportering av våldtäkt under rättegången mot kulturprofilen Jean-Claude Arnault. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av Joan W. Scotts teori om poststrukturell feminism och Yvonne Hirdmans teori om genussystemet, genuskontrakt och kvinnans underordnande. För att undersöka hur offret och gärningsmannen representeras i Expressens våldtäktsrapportering under rättegången mot kulturprofilen Jean-Claude Arnault har metoden kritisk diskursanalys använts. Studiens resultat visade att Expressens representation av offret och gärningsmannen strävar mot jämlikhet i jämförelse med de internationella studier som presenteras i studien där offret, ofta kvinnor, representeras som gärningsmän och gärningsmannen, ofta män, representeras som offer i nyhetsmedias våldtäktsrapporteringar i både Australien och Storbritannien.

The following thesis "Labelling as a part of a pedagogical discourse at a secondary pedagogical school" discusses the labelling process within the pedagogical discourse. The thesis aims to identify discursive practices used by teachers during the labelling process when evaluating their students, as well as to present different kinds of labels and areas that are considered either an asset or are deemed undesirable by teachers. Consequently, the thesis is of a theoretical-empirical nature. The theoretical part focuses on symbolic interactionism, labelling theory, and possible forms of pedagogical discourse. Furthermore, this part covers possible errors in social perception and areas that are most likely to result in a label being assigned to a student. In addition, considerable attention is paid to the typology of teacher personalities, school and class environments, or the impacts of the "hidden" curriculum. The empirical part introduces readers to qualitative research carried out in the form of participant observation at a pedagogical high school. Based on the research analysis the thesis proceeds to describe teachers labelling behaviour and presents a list of possible labels, including their differences. Key words: labelling, social deviation, social perception, education discource, hidden...

The purpose of this thesis is to perform a critical discourse analysis on the upper secondary school act aiming to map which discourses that are being reproduced concerning unaccompanied youths, as well as the motivation behind the creation of the law. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate the consequences of the discourses produced for unaccompanied youths’ rights claims. Faircloughs discursive model of three levels was used to review the proposition. This was complemented by an analysis of the result in relation to the Copenhagen school of securitization as well as Elena Namlis perspective on human rights. The review revealed that the dominating discourse in the upper secondary school act depicts the unaccompanied youths as foreign and potential threats. The law is motivated by the need to compensate for the Migration boards’ long processing time for their application of asylum upon arrival. It is said that this specific group ended up in an misfortuned situation. It is also explained that the law will trigger the youths to integrate through the demand of them needing to finish high school and find a job within 6 months in order to get asylum. However, this thesis also shows that the government is not fully ready to compensate for this misfortune as the demands, qualification to be available for this law, and security control of youths are implemented. Those obsticles are motivated by the view of the youths as existential threats and could be viewed as a sign of securitization of unaccompanied youths. What follows is them having a more difficult path of reaching their rights of asylum.