O tema dos recursos excepcionais, direcionados às Cortes Supremas, é de enorme importância no processo civil contemporâneo. Esse trabalho busca definir, à luz da Teoria do Direito e do Direito Comparado, quais funções devem ser assinaladas ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça para, a partir disso, poder realizar uma reconstrução dogmática do procedimento do recurso especial. Não há dúvida de que, à luz dos princípios do Estado de Direito, aos Tribunais Superiores deve ser hoje asinalada uma função precipuamente prospectiva, voltada para a orientação dos juízes e jurisdicionados por meio do estabelecimento de precedentes, e não para os litigantes, de forma retrospectiva. A experiência comparada e a análise detida do funcionamento dos Tribunais Superiores demonstra que bons resultados só podem ser cumpridos mediante mecanismos que permitam selecionar os recursos com base na sua importância. Defende-se, por isso, a criação de um filtro para o recurso especial, à semelhança do que já conhece o recurso extraordinário brasileiro por meio da exigência de repercussão geral da questão constitucional debatida. Em face da função prospectiva do Superior Tribunal de Justiça devem ser interpretados todos os demais problemas que gravitam em torno do recurso especial e do acesso à Corte (distinção entre fato e direito, pré-questionamento etc.) / Appeals to Supreme Courts are an enormously important theme in modern civil procedure. This essay intends to define tge function that should govern the practise of Brazils Superior Tribunal de Justiça, with support from legal theory and comparative law studies, so that the characteristics of the appeal (recurso especial) directed to the Court may be rethought on solid grounds. There should be no doubt that, in light of the rule of law principles, Supreme Courts should be assigned a prospective, facing forward function of establishing solid precedents for the guidance of judges and citizens, instead of facing towards the single parties involved in litigation and the past. Comparative studies show that this may only be done if the Court has control over its docket. The essay proposes the adoption of such a mechanism for the recurso especial, as has already been done for the recurso extraordinario through the requirement of general importance of the constitutional issue raised in the appeal. All other aspects regarding access of the parties to the Superior Tribunal de Justiça (such as the distinction between law and fact, the prior decisison of the legal issue raised etc.) should be interpreted in light of the prospective function of the Court.

Créée en 1790, la Cour de cassation n'a eu de cesse d'évoluer au fil des ans, s'adaptant à la judiciarisation croissante de la société. Elle veille à l'égalité de tous devant la loi, en précisant au besoin les côtés obscurs de certains textes, en harmonisant les pratiques judiciaires et en s'assurant de la bonne application par les magistrats des instruments juridiques. Le droit de la famille ne fait pas exception à ce constat. L'apparition de notions à contenu variable, comme l'intérêt de l'enfant ou celui de sa famille, complique la tâche du juge, déjà confronté à la diversification des sources du droit de la famille. L'interprétation et l'application des règles qui le composent suscitent parfois des difficultés, que la Cour de cassation peut atténuer. Que ce soit par le biais du pourvoi en cassation ou des autres compétences qui lui ont été confiées, elle améliore constamment les rapports entre la famille et son droit, tout en composant avec les facteurs qui perturbent aujourd'hui cette matière. / For many reasons, family law is now in trouble. The bests interests of the child have to be protected by judges, even if they do not know all about the child's situation. It is the same when they have to take a decision about couple's relations. So, judges need some directions, proclaimed by the High Court. The High court's missions is to apply and interpret all the rules which are edicted by the Parliament. There is only one High Court, situated in Paris and created 1790. Others juridictions have to respect its decisions and that is why it is one of the most important juridictions in France.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yascara Michele Neves Koga.pdf: 1506029 bytes, checksum: c09d1bed050b5f761bf92d69e566296c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The central theme of this study is meritocracy in teaching as an education policy in Santa Catarina state inthe early years of the government of Raimundo Colombo(2010-2014), during which the genesis of the implementation of the logic of meritocracy to teaching became explicit. The problem that guides this study is structured in the following manner: How do teachers legitimize meritocracy as a policy for the valorization of teaching? The study is based on a sociological perspective,using Pierre Bourdieu sconcepts of social capital, cultural capital, distinction, field, illusion and tyranny. To describe and analyze the conditions of the implementation of meritocracy in teaching in Santa Catarina education the study analyzes factors that refer to international, national and Santa Catarina educational policy related to teaching policy, considering the logic of meritocracy in teaching. Interviews were conducted in 2010 and 2011 and two teachers inthe Santa Catarina state school system responded to questionnaires. The two teachers were chosen based onthe following criteria: time of teaching and distinction. The two teachers work at the Belvedere State School (a fictitious name). The school was chosen due to its location in a municipality that has one of the highest tax revenues, but low social indexes, both in relation to Santa Catarina and to the nation as a whole. The research data indicate that international determinations influence national and state determinations in a tyrannical manner, revealing the determinations of the economic field on the educational field. The study found that there is also a movement of adaptation by the teachers to the game played or according to Bourdieu, in the Illusio, as something to be followed, not because it is required or imposed, but because it is seen by teachers as something positive, a development of the field of educationitself. The data make explicit that teachers at times use self-help discourse to overcome the reality experienced in their practice, using this subterfuge as the only escape for overcoming the demands imposed on them, where the teacher is her own means for overcoming difficulties.It was found that the practice of meritocracy in teaching isimposed as one more mark of distinction of the upper classes. The study also revealed that the practice of meritocracy in teaching serves as a catalyst for neoliberal imposition of the economic field on the educational field, yet reaffirmed as a development of the field of education / O tema central desta pesquisa é a meritocracia na docência como política de educação no Estado de Santa Catarina nos anos iniciaisdo Governo de Raimundo Colombo gestão 2010-2014 em que, explicita-se a gênese da implantação da lógica da meritocracia ao docente. O problema condutor desta pesquisa estrutura-se da seguinte forma: Como o professor legitima a meritocracia como política de valorização docente? Trata-se de estudo realizado a partir de perspectiva sociológica. A pesquisa tem por base a teoria do capital social, capital cultural, distinção, campo, illusio, tirania elaborada por Pierre Bourdieu. Com o objetivo de delinear e analisar as condições de implantação da meritocracia na docência da educação catarinense objetivou-se analisar aspectos relacionados ao campo educacional referente à política internacional, nacional do Estado de Santa Catarina relacionadas à política docente, à lógica da meritocracia na docência. Para tanto, no período de2010 a2011 foram realizadas entrevistas e questionários foram respondidos por duas professoras da rede estadual de educação do Estado de Santa Catarina. A escolha das duas professoras deu-se por dois critérios: o tempo de docência e distinção. A escola foi escolhida, devido sua localização em um município catarinense que detém uma das maiores arrecadações públicas, mas enquadra-se em índices sociais baixos, tanto em relação ao Estado de Santa Catarina, quanto em relação à Federação. Os dados da pesquisa evidenciaram que as determinações internacionais incidem sobre as determinações nacionais e estaduais de maneira tirânica evidenciando as determinações do campo econômico sobre o campo educacional. A pesquisa constatou que há um movimento de adequação também dos docentes ao jogo jogado ou segundo Bourdieu no Illusio, como algo a ser seguido, não por ser obrigatório, imposto, mas visto pelas docentes como algo positivo, evolutivo do próprio campo da educação. Os dados permitiram explicitar que as docentes, por vezes, utilizam o discurso de autoajuda para superarem a realidade vivida na sua prática, usando deste subterfúgio como única saída de superar as demandas impostas, onde o professor é sua própria medida de superação. Constatou-se que a prática da meritocracia na docência impõe-se como mais um marcador de distinção das classes superiores. A pesquisa também evidenciou que a prática da meritocracia na docência serve de catalisador da imposição neoliberal do campo econômico ao campo educacional, e reafirmado como algo evolutivo do próprio campo da educação

La filiation est un lien de droit dont la seule donnée biologique ne saurait rendre compte de la richesse et de la complexité. Le droit qui la régit forme un système de preuve qui varie dans le temps et dans l'espace en fonction de l'objectif qu'il poursuit, des contingences politiques et économiques, des influences sociétales et supranationales.Avec l'ordonnance du 4 juillet 2005, il s'est agi d'égaliser et de sécuriser les liens de filiation. Cependant, les rédacteurs n'ont pas instauré d'unification parfaite : il demeure des distinctions entre la maternité et la paternité parfois associées à des distinctions selon qu'il existe ou non un engagement conjugal entre les parents, de même qu'il y a toujours une différence de régime entre la filiation charnelle et la filiation par greffe. Parmi les divergences, il en est (particulièrement dans les domaines qui ont été exclus de la réforme) dont la suppression serait bienvenue au regard de la cohérence du droit. Il en est d'autres dont l'abolition est plus sujette à controverses. Enfin, il en est dont la disparition serait regrettable parce qu'elles témoignent de ce qu'est véritablement La Filiation. On rencontre ces distinctions dans le non contentieux, où leur réduction aurait pour conséquence de faire perdre à la filiation tout aspect symbolique, toute signification. C'est dans une analyse de ces règles qu'il faut rechercher la signification de ce lien. La filiation est un lien social reconnu par le droit, un lien social auquel il est donné valeur juridique.

This dissertation treats of the problem of attributing the occurrence of an individual event or state to a single cause — a problem commonly understood either as a question of distinguishing the cause from the mere conditions or as a matter of singling out, from several causes, one cause, as the cause. The main purpose of the study is to clarify some basic concepts, and some criteria of ascertainment of the cause, that may be discerned in the literature on causal attribution. Special attention is devoted to how the adequacy of causal attributions depends on pragmatic factors. The study begins with an analysis of J. S. Mill’s distinction in A System of Logic between a scientific and a common-parlance approach to the problem of causal attribution. Mill’s assumption that causal attribution in science always requires a universal-law subsumption is then examined in the context of a general discussion of the range of applicability of the covering-law model of explanation. Mill’s scientific and common-parlance notions of cause are compared with R. G. Collingwood’s historical (sense-I) and scientific (sense-II and -III) notions of cause. It is argued that there are purposes of inquiry for which Mill’s common-parlance approach is more relevant to causal attribution in natural science than his scientific approach. And, more generally, it is argued that although law subsumptions are necessary for the ascertainment of the causes, more is often required for explaining the effect. Samuel Gorovitz’s differentiating-factor analysis is discussed, and limitations of the model are identified. The relevance of Morton White’s abnormalistic approach to historical research is also examined. Further, a number of objectivistic approaches are discussed, and it is argued that objectivity is not attainable in causal attributions in a sense in which it always implies an improvement of our ability to attribute the occurrence of an individual event or state to a single cause.

In this thesis I analyze the evolutionary ethics and propose a new perspective that develops on the notion of altruism. The view of evolutionary ethics, especially the sociobiological account, has some problems. The most important philosophical problem is the &ldquo / is-ought&rdquo / problem which refers to the question as to whether moral propositions can be inferred from factual statements. In order to overcome this problem I suggest a different reading of the notion of altruism namely &ldquo / altruistic behavior practice&rdquo / that refers to norms, habits and repeated actions that provide the sustainability of society. The notion of altruistic behavior practice is presented and evaluated with the help of Alasdair MacIntyre&rsquo / s and John Dewey&rsquo / s moral philosophy. The moral views of these two philosophers are based on human practices and habitual formations in society. In this respect, evolutionary ethics and the notion of altruism are re-established on the basis of human practices and habitual modes of socialization.

本文所要處理的問題為：「公共」的內容究竟為何？以及在福利國家的脈絡下公私之間如何互相滲透？本文採用Naomi Pfeffer與G. Majone的見解，將福利國家分為命令與控制型模式(command and control model)與規制型國家(regulatory state)。而這二種模式的差異可以由統治(government)和治理(governance)兩字得到說明，前者與命令與控制型相關，後者則與規制型相關。而所謂「治理」之概念，即一種國家權力向社會回歸的現象。本文以哈伯瑪斯《公共領域的結構轉型》為理論背景，探討現代國家職能由福利國家的興起與轉型之國家與社會關係與公私融合的過程。 / The main purposes of this thesis are: (1) discuss the transformation of the relationship of state and society under the process of “‘societalization’ of the state” and “‘stateification’ of society” through the rise and transformation of the welfare state; (2) examine the theories of “publicness”, “public/private distinction”, and the phenomena of “public-private mix” to study the mutual relation between the public and the private; (3) review and criticize the selected public policy. The public/private distinction has declined under the welfare state nowadays. On the topic of welfare state, this thesis applies the opinions of Naomi Pfeffer and G. Majone that divide the welfare state into the command and control model and the regulatory state. The words “government” and “governance” could interpret the difference of these two kinds of patterns: the former is relative to the command and control model, while the latter is relative to the regulatory state. In addition, the conception of “governance” indicates the process of authority returns from the state to the society. On the topic of public/private relation, this thesis adopts the theories of Jürgen Habermas in his book: The Structure Transformation of Public Sphere, through his ideas of public sphere and its relation among the intimate sphere and the state to explore the relation between the state and society. In practice, this thesis takes the case of turning the national university into the corporation (juridical person) in Taiwan, and introduces to the theories discussed above: see the university as a public sphere and its reform as the transformation of welfare state.

Viešoji tvarka, kaip baudžiamojo įstatymo ginama vertybė, - tai moralės ir pagarbos principais pagrįstos bendrosios viešo elgesio taisyklės, kurių laikymasis užtikrina visuomenėje įprastą gyvenimo eigą, civilizuotus iškylančių konfliktų sprendimo būdus. Magistro baigiamajame darbe ,,Baudžiamoji atsakomybė už viešosios tvarkos pažeidimą“, remiantis Lietuvos Respublikos BK ir kitais teisės aktais, įvairiomis mokslinėmis koncepcijomis, teismų praktika, kompleksiškai nagrinėjami diskusiniai klausimai, kurie iškyla siekiant atskleisti viešosios tvarkos pažeidimo sudėčių požymius, jų ypatumus, ir siekiant nustatyti atribojimo kriterijus. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į Lietuvos Respublikos BK 284 straipsnio 2 dalyje įtvirtinto viešosios tvarkos pažeidimo, kaip baudžiamojo nusižengimo, atribojimo problematiką nuo Lietuvos Respublikos ATPK 174 straipsnyje numatyto administracinio teisės pažeidimo - nedidelio chuliganizmo. Paminėto darbo tikslas – atskleisti viešosios tvarkos pažeidimo, numatyto Lietuvos Respublikos BK 284 straipsnio 1 dalyje ir 2 dalyje, objektyviuosius ir subjektyviuosius požymius, nustatyti jų tarpusavio atribojimo kriterijus, ir jų atribojimą nuo kitų nusikalstamų veikų. Tai aktualu todėl, kad 2000 m. gegužės 1 d. įsigaliojusiame Lietuvos Respublikos BK įstatymų leidėjas numatė naujas viešosios tvarkos pažeidimo sudėtis, ir atsisakė mokslininkų prieštaringai vertinamos sąvokos ,,chuliganizmas“. Visgi, nepaisant pažangių naujovių, susijusių su viešosios tvarkos pažeidimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Public order, as the value protected of the criminal law, can be defined as the common rules that must be carried out in order to safeguard ordinary life and to accept lawful solutions of various disputes emerging in the society. The general target of the Thesis ,,Criminal liability for violation of public order “ is the complex analysis of theoretical and practical problems related to the objective and subjective elements of violation of public order. Also, the main indications of distinction are analyzed in order to distinguish violation of public order from other criminal offences. Besides, much attention is paid to distinction of the second part of article 284 of Criminal code from almost identical 174 article of Administrative law offences code. These aspects are analyzed according to Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, other legal laws, legal concepts and judicial practice. It is important to do it as Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, which came into force from the 1st May of 2003, established the new structure of violation of public order and abolished the term ,,hooliganism”, which was critiqued by scientists. Despite the advanced legal regulation of violation of public order, courts decisions presents many problems arising in the field of qualification of the aforementioned criminal offence. As a consequence, such objective elements as public order and public place are studied in detail. The basic problems analyzed in this Thesis are uncertainty... [to full text]

Le projet concerne la culture et le rôle social du vin français en Pologne entre la moitié de XVIIe et le début du XIXe siècle. Le but de ce travail est la présentation du procès de réception, de différentes formes de perception et de rôle social du vin dans le pays qui n'appartient pas à la zone de la culture de vin.Le XVIIIe siècle, c'est le temps des grands changements sociaux. Les changements des attitudes, de l'aspiration, de la sensibilité et des façons de communication sont les symptômes de la révolution de consommation. Les valeurs contemporaines d'économies chrétiennes se mettent à la négociation. C'est ce phénomène de la consommation qui provoque leur remplacement par l'égalitarisme et l'individualisme. À partir des informations concernant la vente, la consommation et la production de vin on peut montrer les modifications de la société en Pologne.Ce n'est pas que la société qui est soumise aux changements, mais si dynamiquement se varie le vin. Les nouvelles méthodes de production et de conservation apparaissent. Elles facilitent l'exportation non seulement de seule boisson, mais également de mode, de goûts et de culture matérielle liée à cette boisson. Les goûts de dîneurs ont évolué ensemble avec les ustensiles et la façon de laquelle le vin a été servi à la table - française ou polonaise.L'observation de l'influence du vin, si important élément de la culture française, sur la création des goûts des Polonais et leurs imaginations liées avec France et les Français, s'inscrit identiquement dans l'idée de la coopération franco - polonaise et donne les chances d'apparition d'influence mutuelle de deux cultures.

Two main questions are addressed in this dissertation, namely: 1. What is the correct higher-order modal theory; 2. What does it take for theories to be equivalent. The whole dissertation consists of an extended argument in defence of the joint truth of two higher-order modal theories, namely, Plantingan Moderate Contingentism, a higher-order necessitist theory advocated by Plantinga (1974) and committed to the contingent being of some individuals, and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism, a higher-order necessitist theory advocated by Williamson (2013) and committed to the necessary being of every possible individual. The case for the truth of these two theories relies on defences of the following metaphysical theses: i) Thorough Serious Actualism, according to which no things could have been related and yet be nothing, ii) Higher-Order Necessitism, according to which necessarily, every higher-order entity is necessarily something. It is shown that Thorough Serious Actualism and Higher-Order Necessitism are both implicit commitments of very weak logical theories. Prima facie, Plantingan Moderate Contingentism and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism are jointly inconsistent. The argument for their joint truth thus relies also on showing i) their equivalence, and ii) that the dispute between Plantingans and Williamsonians is merely verbal. The case for i) and ii) relies on the Synonymy Account, an account of theory equivalence developed and defended in the dissertation. According to the account, theories are equivalent just in case they have the same structure of entailments and commitments, and the occupiers of the places in that structure are the same propositions. An immediate consequence of the Synonymy Account is that proponents of synonymous theories are engaged in merely verbal disputes. The Synonymy Account is also applied to the debate between noneists and Quineans, revealing that what is in question in that debate is what are the expressive resources available to describe the world.