Handreichung für Lehrer zur Durchführung einer Unterrichtseinheit mit Stundenverlaufsplanung und Materialien. Gegenstand der Unterrichtseinheit ist es, mit den Schülern den Weg zum mittelalterlichen Text über die Rezeption des Textes in Schulbüchern aus der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und aus der DDR zu vollziehen.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / The UC Berkeley Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) Science Operations Center (ESOC) is developing and implementing knowledge-based software to automate the monitoring of satellite payload telemetry. Formerly, EUVE science payload data were received, archived, interpreted, and responded to during round-the-clock monitoring by human operators. Now, knowledge-based software will support, augment, and supplement human intervention. In response to and as a result of this re-engineering project, the creation, storage, revision, and communication of information (the information flow process) within the ESOC has been redesigned. We review the information flow process within the ESOC before, during, and after the re-engineering of telemetry monitoring. We identify six fundamental challenges we face in modifying the information flow process. (These modifications are necessary because of the shift from continuous human monitoring to a knowledge-based autonomous monitoring system with intermittent human response.) We describe the innovations we have implemented in the ESOC information systems, including innovations in each part of the information flow process for short-term or dynamic information (which changes or updates within a week) as well as for long-term or static information (which is valid for more than a week). We discuss our phased approach to these innovations, in which modifications were made in small increments and the lessons learned at each step were incorporated into subsequent modifications. We analyze some mistakes and present lessons learned from our experience.

Produktutveckling är en generellt riskfylld bransch med stora investeringar och många saker som kan gå fel under projektens gång. Genom att tidigt i projekt identifiera risker och problemområden är det också lättare att undvika att problem uppstår. Under detta examensarbete studerades tre svenska företags riskhanteringsprocess genom intervjuer av projektledare på företagen. Detta examensarbete redogör också för aktuell forskning inom riskhantering men fokuserar även på organisatoriskt lärande och vikten av kundkrav, kopplat till risker i produktutvecklingsprojekt. Målet med arbetet var att föreslå olika förbättrings- och implementeringsmöjligheter för företag i deras riskhanteringsarbete med avseende på deras befintliga produktutvecklingsprocess. Det som framkommit under denna studie tyder på att en stor förståelse av kundkrav, kombinerat med en tydlig projektstruktur och arbete med organisatoriskt lärande, kan användas för att identifiera och minimera risker i produktutvecklingsprojekt. När kundkrav är uttryckt i mätbara variabler kan dessa kommuniceras så att alla inblandade har samma förväntningar på projektet vilket då leder till en minskad osäkerhet och färre risker. Studien tyder på att det finns många krav som är svåra att definiera, men när organisationen arbetar aktivt för att bevara och sprida definitioner av kundkrav som de stött på i tidigare projekt kan missuppfattningar minska och tidsbesparingar göras. Genom att ha en tydlig struktur och projektprocess är det också möjligt att implementera lärdomar i organisationen, där företag kan använda befintliga system och avstämningsmöten för att bevara och sprida kunskap. / Product development is a generally risky business with great investments and numerous things that can go wrong during the projects. By defining risks and problem areas early in the projects, the occurrence of problems can be avoided. During this bachelor thesis the risk handling process of three Swedish companies were studied by interviewing project managers working there. This report also accounts for current research within risk management, as well as organizational learning and the importance of customer demands, in relation to risks in product development projects. The aim for this bachelor thesis was to give suggestions on how companies can improve their risk handling in regards to their existing product development process. This study indicates that a great understanding of customer demands, combined with a clear project structure and organizational learning, can be used to identify and minimize risks in product development projects. When the customer demands are expressed using metric variables they can also be communicated to the team so that everyone involved have the same expectations on the project, which leads to reduced uncertainties and fewer risks. The study indicates that many demands are difficult to define, but when the organization actively works to preserve and distribute definitions of customer demands that they have previously encountered, it leads to fewer misconceptions and helps reduce project delays. By using a clear structure and project process it is also possible to implement lessons learned into the organization, using existing systems and scheduled meetings as a way to preserve and distribute knowledge.

Ervin Schulhoff in the interwar cultural context for needs of modern school This thesis deals with life and works of a Czech-German music composer of the interwar period Ervin Schulhoff. The first part of the thesis is concerned with composer's life in the interwar cultural context, the second part focuses on his works. Detailed attention is paid to the period when Schulhoff was influenced by interwar avand-garda movement, particularly by Dadaism and jazz dance music and also Neoclassicism. The third part handles the issue of the use of Schulhoff's work related to his life at nowaday school and brings some ideas and possibilities of use in school music lessons with intersubject overlap. All work is completed with sheet music examples and images serving for better illustration of the subject. In the Appendices are included more pictures and photographs illustrating the composer's life and also the list of Ervin Schulhoff's compositions.

The diploma thesis deals with the application of Japanese fairy tales in drama education lessons at Primary school. The goal of the thesis is to consider the suitability of Japanese fairy tales in the drama education lessons. The thesis is devided into the theoretical and practical part. The first chapter of the theoretical part I deal with a brief theory of fairytales. The second chapter is about Japanese fairy tales. The classification of Japanese fairy tales is described and there are also some examples. The third chapter is about fairy tales in the drama education. The practical part serves to verify the goals of the diploma thesis. Four Japanese fairy tales, in which drama education methods and techniques were used, are processed and reflected. All the lessons were realised at Primary school.

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / The Military Housing Privatization Initiative (MHPI) represents a dramatic revision in the construction and maintenance of military housing. Since its inception in 1996, the number of projects has grown exponentially and the learning process has been continuous and steep. This thesis researches the effectiveness of the methods in place at the Department of Defense and Service levels to document, share, and, above all, learn from past experiences. This analysis reviews the cumulative documented lessons from all Services and compares it to the lessons learned within the first jointly partnered privatization project at the Presidio of Monterey (POM) and Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. This research showed at least six lessons previously documented within the lessons learned system, which were relearned at the POM/NPS project. Given this data, the lessons learned program is a partial success but overall has a positive impact on the MHPI. The current lessons learned program improves each new privatization project ensuring it does not experience all of the same lessons from previous projects. Only a few lessons seem to slip through the cracks and are repeated even after documentation and distribution. / Captain, United States Army

Extreme weather events and effects of climate change are threats to the transport sector’s functionality and safety. Risk management in this context implies a necessity to focus on the connection between near-term experiences and coping strategies on one hand, and long-term adaptation analyses on the other. How learning from past events and subsequent knowledge sharing can be adopted is a question that needs to be explored, discussed and tested. A systematic approach to lessons learned calls for measures of investigation, reporting, planning, implementation and evaluation. A qualitative case study approach was used in this thesis. In the first paper the practices of accident investigation in operation and maintenance were inventoried within the Swedish Transport Administration (STA). Three accident investigation methods were applied and tested on a cloudburst event, causing flooding in a railway tunnel in Sweden. In the second paper, semi-structured interviews, documents, and archival records were used as means for penetrating deeper into the attitudes and understanding of lessons learned concerning extreme weather events within a procured public-private partnership. The results of the two studies showed weak signals of feedback on lessons learned. Partly, these weak signals could be traced back to weak steering signals. Various obstacles impeded learning curves from lessons learned. The obstacles were of both hard and soft values, e.g. resources in time and equipment, systematic investigation methods, incentives for lessons learned, education and knowledge, values, norms and attitudes towards how and why identified problems should be solved. Successful knowledge sharing requires that close attention is paid to such obstacles and that an adaptive approach is adopted. / Den pågående och framtida klimatförändringen sätter press på aktörer att möta risker som associeras med klimatförändring. Syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra med kunskap om lärande och kunskapsöverföring inom offentlig förvaltning av landtransportinfrastruktur. Eftersom lärande och kunskapsöverföring är grundläggande för planering och beslutsfattande om strategier och åtgärder som främjar ett robust transportsystem. Målet för detta arbete är att belysa lärande och kunskapsöverföring inom och mellan olika organisationer i det svenska samhället. Det socio-tekniska systemperspektivet - som används som analysram i båda studierna ger en djupare förståelse för bakomliggande faktorer. En kvalitativ ansats, som omfattar intervjuer, deltagande observationer och dokumentanalys, har används i detta licentiatarbete. I den första studien belyses möjligheten att använda sig av industriella utredningsmetoder på naturolyckor i en svensk kontext av en översvämning i en järnvägstunnel. De industriella utredningsmetoderna visade sig vara användbara för utredning av konsekvenser efter skyfall, med olika metodologiska fördelar och nackdelar. Den andra studien utforskar hur Trafikverkets verksamhetsområde Underhåll arbetar med lärande kopplat till väderextremer; hur de fångar upp erfarenheter och kunskap som finns hos kontrakterade entreprenörer, samt hur entreprenörerna uppfattar att lärande och erfarenhetsåterföring sker. Resultatet från båda studierna visar på både svaga styrsignaler och svaga återkopplingssignaler, vilket medför svaga lärandekurvor. Olika hinder sågs ligga bakom med svaga styr- och återkopplingssignaler bl.a. resurser i tid och processer, systematik i utredning av naturolyckor, incitament att lära av varandra, utbildning och kunskap, värderingar normer och attityder till hur och varför identifierade problem ska lösas. Ett adaptivt förhållningssätt innebär att man behöver ta hänsyn till dessa hinder på ett systematiskt sätt. / The agreement in Paris in 2015 was an historic manifestation that society has to work with both mitigation and adaptation to achieve a reduction of the adverse effects of climate change. One way to achieve adaptation is through the integration of present coping strategies. A first step is to study the existing processes and routines that support short-term coping. This licentiate thesis targets different aspects of learning as a strategy for coping and building adaptive capacity. Road infrastructure and maintenance in relation to extreme weather are used as the physical context and the Swedish Transport Administration as a case to study. Paper I shows the possibility to apply industrial accident investigation methods to an extreme weather event and get useful insights into underlying root causes. Paper II shows the intra- and interrelated patterns that exist in public-private partnerships (PPP) in Sweden. The paper describes a parallel of systems with infrequent overlaps regarding lessons learned.  In both papers the socio-technical perspective approach was used to highlight aspects of learning from and investigating damage due to extreme weather at different tiers in society. The socio-technical perspective provides an understanding of how decisions and legislation that affect our actions and behavior today may have been taken in different time and space settings. This thesis contributes to concept and theory building regarding the socio-technical system approach. / <p>Paper 2 ingick i licentiatuppsatsen som manuskript, nu publicerat.</p>

This thesis deals with the character of leisure activities offered by kindergartens in České Budějovice. The theoretical part characterizes interest and leisure activities in the general meaning and in a child at preschool age. Next, it describes the relationship of the areas of leisure activities and the areas of preschool education. The practical part - research - presents the characteristics of leisure activities offered in kindergartens in České Budějovice, the extra activities offered, the reasons for their use, and their specific form. The data collected is interpreted in the context of leisure pedagogy and preschool pedagogy.

A Lei 10.639/2003 institui a obrigatoriedade da temática \"História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira\" no currículo escolar, abrangendo os estabelecimentos de Ensino Fundamental e Médio das redes oficiais e particulares. Segundo esta lei, esses conteúdos devem ser ministrados no âmbito de todo o currículo escolar, incluindo, assim, o componente disciplinar inglês. O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste justamente em investigar as possibilidades de sensibilização para a temática étnico-racial, junto a um grupo de alunos de Ensino Fundamental da Escola de Aplicação da FEUSP, por meio da aplicação da lei nas aulas de inglês. A metodologia empregada está voltada para a criação e aplicação de materiais didáticos, bem como para a análise desse processo. O trabalho está embasado na teoria sócio-histórico-cultural de Lev Semenovich Vigotski, seus colaboradores e seguidores, principalmente no conceito de ZDP e de desenvolvimento humano por meio de ações mediadas, sejam por instrumentos como material didático ou por outros seres humanos o professor-pesquisador. Os resultados indicam a adequação da disciplina para a aplicação da lei, especialmente no sentido de promover engajamento e participação dos alunos, no uso da língua como meio de acesso a bens culturais e de promoção de reflexão, ao invés do estudo apenas de seu léxico e de suas estruturas gramaticais. As conclusões apontam para a necessidade de frequência das ações, bem como para a diversificação das estratégias didáticas. Também se evidenciou a relevância da lei como um esforço para a conscientização acerca das contribuições dos afrodescendentes na história e na formação da identidade e da cultura brasileiras como um todo. / The law 10.639/2003 establishes the obligation of \"history and Afro-Brazilian Culture\" themes in the school curriculum, comprehending the primary, secondary, public and private schools of the official educational system. According to the law, its contents must be taught in all curriculum subjects, thus, including English. The aim of this research is to investigate the possibilities of raising awareness about ethnic and racial themes with a group of secondary pupils at Escola de Aplicação da FEUSP, through the law implementation in the English lessons. The methodology involves the elaboration and use of teaching materials and the analysis of its process. The research is based on the historical sociocultural theory of Lev Semenovich Vigotski, his co-researchers and followers, mainly in the concepts of ZPD and human development through mediated action, either by tools or other human beings, seen here as the teaching material and the teacher-researcher respectively. Results show the English subject adequacy to implement the law, especially in terms of students\' engagement and participation, using the language as a means of access to cultural assets and reflection upon them, instead of lexicon and grammar practice only. Conclusions point to the need of frequency and diversification of didactical strategies, as well as to the relevance of the law as an effort to raise awareness about the afro-descendants importance in the history and in the formation of the Brazilian identity and culture as a whole.

Este trabalho tem por fim construir uma história, fundamentalmente com base em fontes primárias, da formação dos engenheiros militares na primeira metade do século XVIII em Portugal e no Brasil, no que se refere principalmente aos conteúdos estudados, com destaque para a álgebra. O tema escolhido deriva do trabalho de iniciação científica que posteriormente teve continuidade na dissertação de mestrado intitulada: A Obra Lógica Racional, Geométrica e Analítica (1744) de Manoel de Azevedo Fortes (1660-1749): um estudo das possíveis contribuições para o desenvolvimento educacional luso-brasileiro, orientada pelo professor Sérgio Roberto Nobre e defendida em 2003, no Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, da UNESP, campus de Rio Claro. Para a presente investigação, foi fundamental a busca em arquivos, indícios e pormenores das fontes. Por isso, todo esse estudo tem como fundamento essa proximidade com as fontes, documentos manuscritos da administração pública da coroa portuguesa e textos caracterizados como notas de aula ou teóricos, ou seja, produção de alunos e professores, impressos ou manuscritos. O contato com as fontes permitiu contribuir para perspectivar o campo econômico, político e cultural do reino português, no tempo estabelecido, nomeadamente no reinado de D. João V. Nesse contexto, estudou-se a atividade profissional de engenheiro militar, as condições de acesso à profissão e o seu enquadramento institucional, as aspirações de ascensão social e as relações com os superiores hierárquicos. Pode-se entender melhor as circunstâncias da formação do engenheiro militar, estudando o quadro dos alunos que frequentaram a Academia Militar de Lisboa e dos professores dessa instituição. Assim, foi possível perspectivar como se teriam dado as Aulas de formação dos engenheiros militares nas capitanias brasileiras, identificando-se os professores e alunos da época. Por fim, apresentam-se alguns textos que serviram à formação dos engenheiros militares desse tempo, especialmente à formação matemática, procurando entender como foram produzidos, as circunstâncias dos seus usos e os conteúdos neles veiculados. / This paper studies the historical construction, based on primary sources, of military engineers background in the first half of XVIIIth century in Portugal and in Brazil, according to the studied contents, focusing on algebra. The chosen subject is based on a scientific work that became a dissertation named as: A Obra: Lógica, Racional, Geométrica e Analítica (1744) of Manoel Fortes de Azevedo (1660-1749): a study of possible contributions for the education development between Portugal and Brazil, advised by professor Sergio Roberto Nobre and presented in 2003, at the Geoscience and Exact Sciences Institut, of UNESP, in Rio Claro. The search in files and details of sources were essential for this research. Therefore, this study looked for those sources, manuscripts of the public administration from portuguese crown as well as notes of lesson or theoretical documents, which mean, the students and professors production, printed papers or manuscripts. The contact with the sources allowed predicting the economic, political and cultural fields from the portuguese kingdom, in that period, during D. João V reign. In this context, military engineer professional activity, conditions of access to the profession and their institutional adequation, social ascension aspiration and their relationship with hierarchic superiors were studied. It was possible to better understand the military engineer backgraund, studying the students and professors who made part of Lisbon Military Academy. So, it was possible to predict how they would have taught the Lessons for the military engineer background in the Brazilian captainships, in order to identify the professors as well as the students who attended the classes. Finally, some texts that were used to prepare the military engineers of that time are presented, mainly the mathematical background, looking for understanding how the circumstances of their uses and their contents were produced.