Quelques études ont mis en évidence l'association entre l'insécurité de l'attachement précoce père-enfant et les comportements extériorisés des enfants entre trois et huit ans. La relation d’activation parent-enfant est le lien affectif axé sur la stimulation à la prise de risque de l’enfant qui est encadré par des limites claires données par le parent à l’enfant. Lorsque la mise des limites parentale n’est pas suffisante pour assurer l’intégrité de l’enfant, ils peuvent développer une relation de suractivation, qui a été associé à plus des comportements extériorisés chez des enfants ayant des niveaux cliniques de problématiques comportementales. Aucune étude à date n’a évalué les effets de la suractivation en même temps que de l'attachement précoce aux pères sur le développement des comportements extériorisés chez les tout-petits (0-5 ans) dans la population normotypique. La présente thèse doctorale vise donc à combler cette lacune. Le premier article (chapitre II) visait à vérifier les liens entre les relations père-enfant (activation et attachement) à 12-18 mois et les comportements extériorisés des enfants à 24-30 mois et à 48-60 mois. La suractivation père-enfant, mais pas l’attachement (insécurité et désorganisation), a permis de prédire les comportements extériorisés chez les garçons et les filles, et ce, seulement à 48-60 mois. Des scores plus élevés de désorganisation ont cependant été associés à moins de comportements extériorisés à 24-30 mois chez les filles, mais pas chez les garçons. Le second article (chapitre III) avait pour but de vérifier l’effet des relations d’activation et d’attachement au père évalués lorsque les enfants étaient âgés de 36-42 mois et le niveau de leurs comportements extériorisés à 48-60 mois. La suractivation par le père, mais pas l’attachement (insécurité et désorganisation) prédit les comportements extériorisés à 48-60 mois, et ce, autant pour les garçons que pour les filles et peu importe la perception d’adversité financière des parents. Le dernier chapitre présente une discussion générale des résultats trouvés et leurs implications. En somme, cette thèse souligne la pertinence de considérer la relation d'activation père-enfant en parallèle avec la relation d'attachement au père afin de mieux comprendre la prise de risque des enfants qui peut se manifester par des comportements extériorisés et, plus tard, évoluer vers la délinquance. / A few studies have found an association between insecure early father-child attachment and externalizing behaviors in children between the ages of three and eight. The parent-child activation relationship is the emotional bond that fosters the child's risk-taking within boundaries set by the parent in order to ensure the child’s safety. When parental limit-setting is not sufficient to ensure the child's integrity, they may develop an overactivation relationship, which has been associated with more externalizing behaviors in children with clinical levels of behavioral problems. No study to date has evaluated the effects of the overactivation relationship along with early attachment to fathers on the development of externalizing behaviors in toddlers (0-5 years) in the normotypic population. This doctoral thesis therefore aims to fill this gap. The first article (Chapter II) aimed to test the relationship between father-child relationships (activation and attachment) at 12-18 months and children's externalizing behaviors at 24-30 months and 48-60 months. Father-child overactivation, but not attachment (insecurity and disorganization), predicted externalizing behaviors in both boys and girls, and only at 48-60 months. Higher disorganization scores, however, were associated with fewer externalizing behaviors at 24-30 months for girls, but not for boys. The second article (Chapter III) aimed to test the effect of activation and attachment relationships with the father assessed when the children were 36-42 months old and the level of their externalizing behaviors at 48-60 months. Overactivation by the father, but not attachment (insecurity and disorganization), predicted externalizing behaviors at 48-60 months for both boys and girls and regardless of parents' perception of financial adversity. The final chapter presents a general discussion of the results found and their implications. In sum, this thesis highlights the relevance of considering the father-child activation relationship in parallel with the attachment relationship to the father in order to better understand children's risk-taking, which can manifest itself in externalized behaviors and, later, evolve into delinquency.

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[pt] O presente estudo visa a apresentar uma análise acerca da atividade de moderação de conteúdo exercida pelas grandes redes sociais, como Facebook, Instagram e Twitter. Para tanto, inicialmente, serão analisados como as redes sociais alcançaram o status que têm hoje como grandes influenciadoras do discurso público e como a atividade de moderação de conteúdo se desenvolveu e se encontra na atualidade, sendo uma atividade necessária para assegurar o direito à liberdade de expressão dos usuários, que devem ser resguardos de espaços digitais tóxicos, com a proliferação de conteúdo ilícito e falso. Em seguida, serão apresentados os desafios envolvidos na atividade de moderação de conteúdo. Por fim, com base nos conceitos e problemas apresentados, será feita uma análise da melhor forma para se regular a atividade de moderação de conteúdo, em consonância com as normas do Marco Civil da Internet (Lei número 12.965/2014). / [en] The present study aims to present an analysis about the content moderation activity carried out by the major social networks, such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. To do so, initially, it will be analyzed how social networks reached the status they have today as major influencers of public discourse and how the content moderation activity has developed and is currently found, being a necessary activity to ensure the right to freedom of expression of users, who must be safeguarded of toxic digital spaces, with the proliferation of illicit and false content. Next, the challenges involved in the content moderation activity will be presented. Finally, based on the concepts and problems presented, an analysis will be made of the best way to regulate content moderation, in accordance with the Internet Legal Framework (Law No. 12,965/2014).

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Utah and the majority of states have adopted mandatory standards for visual arts, yet no accountability measures have been established. Consequently, it is impossible to determine if standards are being addressed in the art classroom and aggregate grades are subjective. Queensland, Australia instituted a system of moderated school-based assessment (moderation) in 1971, whereby assessment is accomplished locally, then verified by peer experts. Queensland ensures that standards are addressed in curricula and assessment and that exit grades are reliable and comparable. Research has shown that Utah and Queensland share comparable visual arts standards and similar demographics. Queensland moderation has been extensively studied for solutions to Utah and U.S. accountability problems. Queensland teachers submit curricula, assessment tasks, and assessed student work to the Queensland Studies Authority (QSA), which is responsible for moderation. QSA suggests modifications where appropriate, thus ensuring accuracy. Schools are then compared according to group performance on a standardized core skills test and aggregate grades are scaled, resulting in student rankings. Research has revealed that Queensland visual arts teachers widely approve of moderation. Accountability validates good teaching and promotes diligence. Teachers also appreciate QSA curriculum and assessment guidelines. Because these are regulated, QSA has been able to promote progressive directives effectively, including integrated authentic assessment and student-directed conceptual approaches to art. Queensland has constantly striven for improvement through research and teacher feedback. Consequently, Queensland is considered a global leader in school-based assessment. Art education literature implies that accountability for visual arts education is inevitable. Arts educators strongly oppose traditional external testing. Moderation is the proven alternative to traditional testing. While other models of moderation exist, the QSA model is similar in theory to the predominant Utah and U.S. philosophy of standards-based assessment. At the same time, the QSA model offers flexible options that allow emerging theories to be embraced. The research, then, suggests that Utah and other states should consider implementing versions of moderated school-based assessment based on the success of QSA. The thesis concludes with recommendations for the U.S., and a practical curriculum guide that embraces curriculum and assessment merits of Queensland visual arts education.

One of the most defining moments in the histories of British satire and the public sphere took place in the late 1790s in an abandoned house in Piccadilly. Here George Canning and several fellow conservatives began writing and circulating their weekly newspaper the Anti-Jacobin. Although the periodical has been critically neglected, it is a valuable model for exploring how literary (partisan) politicians attempted to form a rational and critical public sphere through their satiric poetry. Founded by George Canning and edited by William Gifford, the Anti-Jacobin seems to reflect a reactionary conservative's ideology and has been summarily dismissed because of this one-sided nature. In this essay, I suggest a more nuanced reading of both Canning's biography and his Anti-Jacobin poetry that will give a fuller and more accurate version of Canning, one that illustrates a moderate reformer who is concerned with centralizing the extremism of the 1790s.

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Research Summary Despite a plethora of studies, the moderating effects of contingency factors regarding the relationship between corporate planning (CP) and organizational performance (OP) remain open to discussion. Our meta-analysis analyzes 183 independent study samples, 84 of which are examined for the first time. We expand on previous meta-analyses by correcting for measurement error and dichotomization, and we use moderation analyses and meta-analytical regressions to explain heterogeneity in these studies. We find evidence for the moderating effects of task interdependence and uncertainty avoidance as contingency factors. Unexpectedly, we identify an interaction of the measurements of OP and CP with uncertainty avoidance. Our results provide new insights into the relationship between CP and OP. Management Summary Managers who may doubt whether planning is still fruitful in turbulent times obtain a clear answer from our study: Yes, it is. CP is definitely correlated with OP. The effect sizes are stable over time and for different types of planning. However, the effect of CP on performance depends on the organizational context. Manufacturing firms benefit more than nonmanufacturing firms, and larger firms benefit more than smaller firms. Organizations in countries with high uncertainty avoidance show larger effects in relation to those in countries with low uncertainty avoidance. Finally, organizations facing high environmental uncertainty show higher effects of CP than organizations in more stable environments. However, the identified effects are conditional on the type of measurement of performance and CP.

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