Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka modersmålslärares strategier för att välja läromedel samt motiven som ligger till grund för dessa val på deras modersmålsundervisning i somaliska och arabiska.Studien bygger på ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och ramverk som betonar att elever lär sig i samspel med andra människor, med hjälp av fysiska och intellektuella språkliga redskap liksom läromedel.Denna studie använde en kvalitativ forskningsmetod för att genomföra tio intervjuer med tio modersmålslärare från tre olika kommuner. Nio av intervjuerna genomfördes på plats, medan den tionde genomfördes via Zoom.Studiens empiriska resultat presenteras utifrån lärarnas upplevelser om läromedelsval, och analyseras utifrån olika teoretiska perspektiv.Resultatet har visat att elevernas språknivå och inlärningsbehov vara av yttersta betydelse när de modersmålslärarna väljer läromedel. Resultatet har också visat att läraren strävar efter att hitta läromedel som ofta stämmer överens med Skolverkets läroplan, även om att det är omöjligt att hitta läromedel som täcker hela delar i centrala innehållet i ämnet modersmål.Resultat har även visat att tillgänglighet och ekonomi är två avgörande faktorer som styr skolors inköp av läromedel. / The purpose of our study is to investigate mother tongue teachers' strategies for selecting teaching materials and the motivations underlying these choices in their mother tongue instruction in Somali and Arabic. The study is based on a sociocultural perspective and a framework that emphasizes that students learn in interaction with others, using physical and intellectual linguistic tools as well as teaching materials. This study employed a qualitative research method, conducting ten interviews with mother tongue teachers from three different municipalities. Nine of the interviews were conducted in person, while the tenth was carried out via Zoom. The empirical results of the study are presented based on the teachers' experiences with the selection of teaching materials and analyzed from various theoretical perspectives. The results have shown that students' language proficiency and learning needs are of utmost importance when mother tongue teachers choose teaching materials. The results have also indicated that teachers strive to find teaching materials that align with the Swedish National Agency for Education's curriculum, even though it is impossible to find materials that cover all aspects of the central content in the subject of mother tongue. Furthermore, the results have shown that accessibility and economics are two crucial factors influencing schools' procurement of teaching materials.

The morphology of the more superficial tissue of the human tongue was investigated and discussed with the clinical appearance of fissures. Three regions could be distinguished according to the presence and shape of the aponeurosis linguae: the central region showed a thick aponeurotic plate with myotendinous muscle fibre insertions. The lateral region showed still an aponeurosis linguae but of reduced thickness and without muscle insertions. The edge-wise and lower region showed no aponeurosis linguae but a fatty subcutis and myocutaneous muscle fibre insertions lacking specific molecules of myotendinous junctions. This system of partially developed exoskeleton seems to underlie but not to be involved in tongue fissures, which are more superficial within the epidermis and dermis.

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In Sweden today there is an increase of newcomer pupils that need to be accommodated into the school system. This paper highlights remote education as a concept to support this process. Based on previous studies on videoconferencing and blended learning approaches as well as state of the art technology current remote education was explored. Conducted interviews and observations showed how technology is used in schools today through presentations, videos and tablet usage. They also explored the aspects of education that did not utilize technology e.g. whiteboards, physical material and the teachers’ use of the physical environment. A series of experiments were designed to transform specific aspects of the present teaching approaches into remote education. The study showed that the most important factor for remote education is to redesign todays face-to-face lessons based on the educational content. Physical practices will have to be transformed to fit the new format while already digital practices need fewer modifications. Remote education has the possibility to give pupils access to education otherwise unattainable. It could e.g. increase the number of mother tongue languages available to newcomer pupils and prevent pupils having to travel for their entitled education. / Sverige har just nu en ökning av nyanlända elever som måste integreras in i skolsystemet. Denna rapport lyfter fjärrundervisning som ett koncept för att stödja denna process. Aktuella metoder för fjärrundervisning har utforskats genom tidigare studier om videokonferenser och blandade lärmiljöer (eng. blended learning) samt relevanta teknologier. Intervjuer och observationer utfördes för att studera hur teknik används i skolan idag genom till exempel presentationer, videoklipp och surfplattor. Dessa visade också vilken del av undervisningen som inte utnyttjade teknik; så som whiteboards, fysiskt material och lärarnas användning av den fysiska miljön. En serie experiment utformades för att omvandla nuvarande undervisningsmetoder för fjärrundervisning. Studien visade att det viktigaste för fjärrundervisning är att omforma dagens klassiska undervisning baserat på det pedagogiska innehållet. Fysiska metoder måste omformas så att de passar det nya formatet medan redan digitala metoder behöver färre modifieringar. Fjärrundervisning har möjligheten att ge elever tillgång till undervisning som annars vore omöjlig att få tillgång till. Det skulle till exempel kunna öka antalet tillgängliga språk i modersmålsundervisning för nyanlända elever samt förhindra att elever behöver resa för att få sin berättigade utbildning.

Yes / Recently a sub-population of cells with stem cell characteristics, reported to be associated with initiation, growth, spread and recurrence, has been identified in several solid tumors including oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The aim of our pilot study was to isolate CD44+ cancer stem cells from primary cultures of OTSCC and neck node Level I (node-I) biopsies, grow cell spheres and observe their characteristics in primary cultures. Parallel cultures of hyperplastic lesions of tongue (non-cancer) were set up as a control. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD44/CD24 expression and magnetic activated cell sorting to isolate CD44+ cell populations followed by primary cell culturing. Both OTSCC and node-I biopsies produced floating spheres in suspension, however those grown in hyperplastic and node-I primary cultures did not exhibit self-renewal properties. Lymph node metastatic OTSCC, express higher CD44/CD24 levels, produce cancer cell spheres in larger number and rapidly (24 hours) compared to node negative OTSCC (1 week) and non-cancer specimens (3 weeks). In addition, metastatic OTSCC have the capacity for proliferation for up to three generations in primary culture. This in vitro system will be used to study cancer stem cell behavior, therapeutic drug screening and optimization of radiation dose for elimination of resistant cancer cells. / SKMCH&RC, Yorkshire Cancer Research

Studiens syfte är att synliggöra hur förskollärare beskriver sitt förhållningssätt och arbetssätt i arbetet med flerspråkiga barn för att stödja och stimulera deras språkutveckling. För att undersöka detta har kvalitativa intervjuer med sex förskollärare genomförts. Förskollärarnas förhållningssätt till flerspråkighet samt vilka metoder och verktyg som används i förskoleverksamheten för att främja flerspråkiga barns språk undersöktes. Upplevda utmaningar och möjligheter som detta arbete skapar beskrevs av förskollärarna. Studien har utgångspunkt i den sociokulturella teorin där utveckling och lärande sker i samspel mellan människor, med hjälp av redskap och med rätt stöttning. Teorin var till hjälp att analysera förskollärarnas uppfattningar och erfarenheter i arbetet med att främja språkutveckling hos flerspråkiga barn. Studiens resultat visar att förskollärarna har ett positivt förhållningssätt till flerspråkighet där majoriteten inte upplever sig själva som flerspråkiga. Dessutom framkommer det att förskollärarna upplever arbete med flerspråkiga barns språkutveckling som utmanade eftersom adekvata kompetenser inom ämnet saknas. Detta arbete beskrivs som en möjlighet där olika användbara strategier och verktyg finns till hjälp. Det lyfts även fram att samverkan med olika aktörer är grundläggande för att kunna stödja och stimulera flerspråkiga barns språkutveckling. Resultatet pekar även på att för att kunna verkställa detta arbete i förskolan behöver förskollärarna få mer kunskap och vägledning. För att barn ska kunna utveckla det svenska språket samt sitt modersmål behöver de rätt stöd, menar förskollärarna. Studien bidrar med en ökad kunskap om vilka strateger, redskap och kompetenser förskollärarna behöver ha för att ge flerspråkiga barn förutsättningar för att utveckla alla sina språk. / The purpose of the study is to make visible how preschool teachers describe their approach and methods while working with multilingual children in order to support and stimulate their language development. Qualitative interviews have been conducted with six preschool teachers in order to achieve this goal. During each interview, the teachers were asked about which methods and tools they applied in activities in order to promote and encourage language development. Perceived challenges and opportunities that this work creates were described by the preschool teachers. This study is based on the sociocultural perspective, in which both learning, and development take place through interaction between people with the help of tools and with the right support. The theory was helpful in analyzing the preschool teachers´ perceptions and experiences in their work. The results of the study show that the preschool teachers have a positive attitude to multilingualism, where the majority do not perceive themselves as multilingual. The results show that the preschool teachers perceive their work with multilingual children´s language development as challenging due to a lack of adequate competence in the subject. This work is also described as an opportunity where various strategies and tools are available to help. In addition, it is highlighted that cooperation with others is fundamental to being able to support and stimulate language development. The result also points to the fact that, in order to carry out this work in the preschool, preschool teachers need more knowledge and guidance. In order for children to be able to develop the Swedish language as well as their mother tongue, they need the right support, the preschool teachers declares. The study hopes to contribute to, an increased knowledge of which strategies, tools and skills are needed in order to create an optimal environment for multilingual development.

Brass musicians are known to experience a performance problem that is sometimes called valsalva maneuver or musical stuttering. This problem is known to cause difficulty starting a first note, tension in the throat, and tightness in the chest. Unfortunately, the research literature lacks sufficient details for evidence-based interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to characterize and define this performance problem as experienced by brass musicians. An online epidemiologic survey was developed and deployed to collect data from brass musicians who have experienced this problem in their own playing. The survey was designed to acquire data in order to characterize and define the phenomenon through a biopsychosocial framework. The survey was also designed to assess whether this problem aligns with Altenmuller's heuristic model of motor control disruptions. A diverse group of brass musicians (n = 252) participated and offered relevant details for characterizing and defining this problem. Analysis of characteristic data suggests this problem is not a form of musical stuttering. Considering these data through Altenmuller's model suggests that this problem is experienced as a spectrum of motor disruptions that can develop into a unique type of musician's dystonia. While additional research is warranted, the results of this study are applicable to brass musicians, brass pedagogues, music educators, and performing arts health clinicians.

This study investigates error fossilisation in the written English of Xhosa - speaking students. It is hypothesised that there is no statistically significant difference in the language errors of two groups of Grade 10 and Grade 12 students. Two randomly selected groups of 30 Grade 10 and 30 Grade 12 students in a rural senior secondary school in the Eastern Cape province were required to write two essays, of which the first two hundred words of each essay were marked. A frequency count of errors was done and comparisons were made. The findings indicate that the Grade 12s consistently made fewer errors. However, the difference is only statistically significant in the case of prepositions and concord, and is insignificant in tenses, pronouns and articles. The findings also show evidence of fossilisation given the persistence of some of the errors. Certain features in the student's language were not eradicated by the additional two years exposure to English. / English Studies / M.A. (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages)

Silozi is one of the local languages of Namibia with over 200 thousand mother-tongue speakers. The aim of this study is to examine the language situation in the Malozi Community of Caprivi and to identify the factors influencing the maintenance of Silozi in Namibia. The following factors were identified as relevant to the maintenance of Silozi: education, media, religion, contact situations, cultural activities and language loyalty. Despite the strong influence of English in education and increased use of English bythe younger generation, the findings indicate that Silozi is likely to survive for several generations into the future. The study reveals that a high percentage of both young and old use more Silozi in the domain of home, neighbourhood and church than English. It is evident that Silozi will continue to be used as a functional language in Caprivi for many years to come. / Linguistics / (M.A. (Sociolinguistics))

The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the role of the Holy Spirit in building up Church unity, based on the exegesis of I Corinthians. The current theme is urgent; however, little attention has been paid to it in research literature. We have noted that it is not human wisdom but the Holy Spirit who is the key to our faith, salvation, and understanding of divine mysteries. The Holy Spirit along with Christ brings forward the building of the Church and guides it. One Spirit is the foundation for Church unity. The Holy Spirit administers spiritual gifts according to His will and establishes their orderly operation. Seeking the guidance of the Spirit, trusting and obeying Him brings unity, whereas following different authorities, mistrusting and disobeying Him results in disunity. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. Th. (New Testament)