La R.D. Congo possède l’un de taux de desserte en électricité le plus faible au monde (moins de 1 % en zones rurales) malgré son important potentiel hydroélectrique estimé à 100.000 MW. Pour accroitre le taux de desserte en électricité en construisant des microcentrales hydroélectrique, il est impérieux d’utiliser une technologie simple, fiable, robuste et peu coûteuse. La turbine à vis d’Archimède apparait comme une solution appropriée à ces exigences. Nous avons ainsi conçu et fabriqué localement (à Lubumbashi) un banc d’essai d’une turbine à vis d’Archimède possédant seulement deux hélices et des pas larges (β = 30° et β = 45°). L’objectif étant de simplifier la fabrication et réduire la quantité d’acier utilisé pour la vis par rapport aux vis utilisées en Europe et aux U.S.A. Le banc d’essais nous a permis d’obtenir six configurations combinant la pente de la vis (α = 22,5°, 30° et 37,5°) et les pas. La combinaison la plus optimale est la configuration de la vis inclinée de α = 22,5° par rapport à l’horizontale et dont l’hélice est orientée de β = 45° sur le moyeu (p45H22).<p>En second lieu, vient la configuration de la vis inclinée de α = 30° et dont l’hélice est orientée de β = 45° sur le moyeu (p45H30). Ces deux configurations ont respectivement un rendement à débit nominal de 89 et 86 %./D.R. Congo has an electricity service rate that ranks as the lowest in the world (less than 1% in rural areas) despite its large hydroelectric potential estimated at 100,000 MW. To increase the rate of access to electricity by constructing small hydropower plant, it is imperative to use simple technology, reliable, robust and inexpensive. The Archimedean screw turbine appears to be an appropriate solution to these requirements. We have designed and manufactured locally (in Lubumbashi) a test bench for Archimedean’s screw turbines having two blades only and a large pitch p function of β ( β = 30 ° and β = 45 °, β being the orientation angle of the blade on the screw cylinder). The goal is to simplify manufacturing and reduce the amount of steel used for the screw relative to the screws used in Europe or in USA. The test bench has allowed the experiments with six configurations combining the slope of the screw (α = 22.5 °, 30 ° and 37.5 °) and the pitch p (with varying rotation speed). The optimal combination appeared to be the configuration of the screw inclined at α = 22.5 ° relative to the horizon and with an helix β = 45 ° on the cylinder of the screw. The second best configuration has an inclined screw α = 30 ° and the helix which is oriented β = 45 °. These two configurations each have a global efficiency of 89% and 86%, respectively. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Access to electricity is a crucial component of achieving SDG 7, which aims to ensure clean energy for all. However, not all people in Botswana have access to electricity, and power generation is dominated by coal power. To address the electricity access issue, the Botswana government has implemented two programs: the Rural Electrification Programand the National Electricity Standard Connection Cost Program. This study focuses on investigating the effectiveness of these government programs, as well as the drivers of and barriers to residential rooftop solar PV. The primary aim of the study is to provide recommendations for policy makers, while also contributing to enhanced knowledge among solar PV distributors and academia. To achieve the research objectives, a field trip to Botswana was conducted to interview various stakeholders. Additionally, a literature review and ananalysis of policy documents were executed. The study’s results reveal a difference in the success of the two government programs, leading to a gap between the share of grid-connected villages and the share of people with access to electricity. Interms of residential rooftop solar PV, the study identifies numerous drivers, such as increased reliability and reduced power bills. However, there are also several barriers to residential rooftop solar PV, including a conservative mindset among decision-makers that favors coal power, lack of incentives, low affordability, social acceptance risks, lacking maintenance, and insufficient knowledge among both inhabitants and policymakers. Based on the results, the study provides recommendations for policymakers to ensure full electricity access and accelerated residential rooftop solar PV implementations. / Tillgång till el är avgörande för att uppnå SDG 7 som syftar till att säkerställa hållbar energi för alla. Samtidigt har samtliga invånare i Botswana inte tillgång till electricitet och dessutom domineras elproduktionen av kolkraft. För att överkomma problemet med tillgång till electricitet har Botswanas regering implementerat programmen Rural Elecrtification Program och National Electricity Standard Connection Cost Program.  Den här studien fokuserar på att utvärdera dessa statliga program samt på att identifiera drivkrafterna och hindren för solkraft för hushåll. Det primära syftet med studien är att ge rekommendationer till beslutsfattare. Studien ämnar även bidra till ökad kunskap bland solcellsdistributörer och den akademiska världen. För att åstadkomma detta genomfördes en studieresa till Botswana under vilken intervjuer med olika intressenter hölls. Dessutom genomfördes en litteraturstudie och en analys av policydokument.  Studiens resultat påvisar en skillnad i framgång hos de statliga programmen och att det leder till att andelen nätanslutna byar är högre än andelen invånare med tillgång till el. När det gäller solkraft för hushåll har flertalet  drivkrafter för dess implementering identifieras. Till dessa hör ökad försörjningstrygghet och minskade elräkningar. Det finns dock även många hinder för ökad implementering av solkraft för hushåll. Några av dessa är ett konservativt tankesätt bland beslutsfattare som gynnar kolkraft, brist på incitament, låg betalningsförmåga, låg grad av social acceptans, bristande underhåll samt otillräcklig kunskap bland både invånare och beslutsfattande. Baserat på resultaten presenteras rekommendationer riktade till beslutsfattare för att säkerställa att alla i Botswana har tillgång till elektricitet samt för att öka implementeringen av solkraft för hushåll i Botswana.

As the world seeks to become less reliant on fossil fuels and use more electric energy instead new possibilities for development of agricultural implements opens. Major tractor manufacturers have recently announced tractors with over tenfold increases in electrical power. This promises to be the next step in lowering the reliance on fossil fuels in a crucial, carbon-intensive, sector. A new type of connector allows for standardizing connections, however, the implements taking advantage of this electrical power are still lagging. This thesis seeks to understand what implications this increase in electrical power has for the development of agricultural implements. This is done through a case study at a major agricultural implement manufacturer, following the development of a prototype electric cultivator tool fitted to a seed drill. The first question answered was which requirements impact electrified agricultural implements, and the second was what possibilities the different proposed electrical systems allow for. The knowledge was then applied to the creation of the final prototype. Throughout the development, it was found that while the electric technology allowed for much greater control, it came at a higher cost and requires more careful design. The trade-off between speed, force, and cost was at the centre of the development process. More development will be needed for motor controls and environmental exposure concerns such as vibrations, mechanical shocks, water ingress, etc. The study helps further understand the implications of electrification on agricultural implements' development. This further understanding will help in the design of a more efficient, user-friendly and less polluting implement of the future.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The definition of political risk and the methodology of its assessment have changed since the inception of the discipline midway through the last century. This assignment assesses the usefulness of a new quantitative technique that uses political constraints and the policy preferences of political actors to construct a measure of political risk. Integrating the findings of the resulting Political Constraints Index with an analysis of the political economy of the Indian Electricity Sector, the assignment demonstrates that, contrary to the original interpretations of the index, high levels of political constraints and political competition may propagate a disabling policy regime and be detrimental to the investor, despite the stated commitment of the incumbent government to policy reform. The implication of these findings is that, to avoid incorrect interpretation, the Political Constraint Index should be augmented by a comprehensive qualitative assessment of the industry in question. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die definisie van politieke risiko en die metodologie om dit te ontleed, het verander sedert die onstaan van hierdie dissipline gedurende die middel van die laaste eeu. Hierdie opdrag ontleed die nuttigheid van 'n nuwe kwantitatiewe tegniek wat die politieke beperkings en beleidsvoorkeure van politieke rolspelers gebruik om 'n maatstaf van politieke risiko te verskaf. Die opdrag se integrasie van die bevindinge van die resulterende Politieke Beperkings Indeks met 'n analise van die politieke ekonomie van die Indiese Elektrisiteits Sektor bewys dat, teenstrydig met oorspronklike interpretasies van die indeks, hoe vlakke van politieke beperkings en politieke kompetisie 'n deaktiveringsbeleid regime kan kweek wat nadelig is vir die belegger, ten spyte van die huidige regering se verklaarde toegewydheid tot beleidshervorming. Die implikasie van hierdie bevindinge is dat, om foutiewe interpretasie te vermy, die Politieke Beperkings Indeks verbeter moet word deur 'n omvattende kwalitatiewe ontleding van die verlangde industrie.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Due to inadequate financial resources and lack of managerial skills, in this case study the local level of governance does not have appropriate mechanisms to manage their resources adequately. It is observed that the Nigerian government cannot provide all basic amenities for the people at the grass-root level of development. Following the above scenario, rural communities do not have access to basic amenities such as electricity and pipe borne water. In Nigeria, little research has been done with regard to sustainable development in rural electrification. This study is based on the impact of community and individual participation in a rural electrification project, and shows how sustainable development plays a leading role. The study is based on a rural electrification project initiated and facilitated in 1996, and was completed in 2000 by the Ipari-Efugo Otukpa community members in Benue State in the North Central part of Nigeria. In spite of prevailing poverty in rural areas, Ipari-Efugo community members were able to be responsible for their own development without government intervention. The research includes literature studies of rural electrification projects and demonstrates how participation and sustainable development can lead to a successful community project. Irrespective of obstacles such as poverty and lack of economic empowerment, Ipari- Efugo community members are resilient and were able to provide electricity. Access to electricity can serve as a prerequisite for economic development and growth. The benefits accruable from the use of electricity outweigh the costs of providing the amenity to the community. Participation through sustainable development remains the core instrument responsible for the completion of the electricity project in Ipari-Efugo. This study encourages rural communities to take responsibility for their own development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van onvoldoende finansiële middele en 'n gebrek aan bestuursvaardighede, in die gevallestudie beskik die plaaslike regering nie oor die toepaslike meganismes om hulle hulpbronne na behore te bestuur nie. Boonop blyk dit dat nasionale regerings nie alle basiese geriewe aan diegene op voetsoolvlak kan voorsien nie. Die genoemde scenario impliseer dus dat landelike gemeenskappe nie toegang het tot basiese geriewe soos elektrisiteit en kraanwater nie. In Nigerië word weinig navorsing gedoen op die gebied van volhoubare ontwikkeling in landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsiening. Hierdie studie is gebaseer op die impak van gemeenskaps- en individuele deelname aan 'n landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsprojek, en toon hoe volhoubare ontwikkeling 'n toonaangewende rol hierin speel. Die studie spruit uit 'n landelike elektrifiseringsprojek wat in 2000 deur die gemeenskap van Ipari-Efugo Otukpa in die staat Benue in die noordelik-sentrale deel van Nigerië aangevoer en gefasiliteer is. Ondanks die heersende armoede in landelike gebiede, het lede van die Ipari-Efugo gemeenskap sonder die tussenkoms van die regering verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie ontwikkeling aanvaar. Die navorsing sluit literatuurstudies van landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsprojekte in, en demonstreer hoe deelname en volhoubare ontwikkeling tot 'n suksesvolle gemeenskapsprojek kan aanleiding gee. Ongeag struikelblokke soos armoede en 'n gebrek aan ekonomiese bemagtiging, was die lede van die Ipari-Efugo gemeenskap vasberade en kon hulle uiteindelik elektrisiteit aan die gemeenskap verskaf. Toegang tot elektrisiteit kan as 'n voorvereiste vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling en groei dien. Die voordele verbonde aan elektrisiteitsverbruik oortref uiteindelik by verre die koste verbonde aan die voorsiening van hierdie gerief aan die gemeenskap. Deelname by wyse van volhoubare ontwikkeling bly die sleutelinstrument vir die voltooiing van die elektrisiteitsprojek in Ipari-Efugo. Hierdie studie moedig landelike gemeenskappe aan om verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie ontwikkeling te aanvaar.

The expansion of the electrical grid and infrastructure is an essential part of development since it contributes to improved standard of living among the population. Solar home systems (SHS) are one solution to generate electricity for households where the national grid does not reach or is too sparsely populated to build a local mini-grid. Solar home system programs have been used as a solution for rural electrification in developing countries all over the world with various success, one of these countries is Namibia. A large fraction of the population in Namibia lacks access to electricity where most of the people live in rural areas not reached by the national electrical grid. However, several SHS clients in Namibia have been dissatisfied with their systems due to several issues regarding the service providers. Several service providers have limited technical know-how and therefore frequently over- and undersize system components and make mistakes during installations. An opportunity to improve SHS in Namibia is to develop a software tool that service provider can use to quickly calculate an optimum SHS in a user friendly way based on the electricity demands of the clients. An optimization model was developed using MS Excel which calculates the optimal SHS component capacities regarding cost and reliability with the use of Visual Basic macros. Various field studies and sensitivity analyses were conducted with the MS Excel model. The results were validated and compared with other software programs such as PVsyst and a Matlab model used in a previous study regarding solar power. Results show that several components in existing systems are incorrectly sized and that the MS Excel model could improve future installations and improve the reputation of SHS. The sensitivity analyses focused on cost, system reliability, system size and PV-module tilt and were implemented in the MS Excel model to optimize the results in a techno-economic perspective. The MS-Excel model was approved by Namibia Energy Institute and will be available for all service providers in Namibia.

Global sustainability awareness and governmental regulations are pushing the automotive industry into finding alternatives to carbon dioxide emitting products. Solutions utilizing electricity in the vehicle powertrain is overtaking market share from internal combustion engines (ICE). This tendency has spread into the heavy-duty truck segment which poses questions regarding the future of the ICE. An alternative, electric motors, powered with batteries, fuel cells of even ICE’s, is thought to become a core part of future mobility. To mitigate discontinuities during a shift from ICE to electric motors, a study of possible factors affecting such transition has been performed. The result indicates 14 main factors which are thought to have a definite role in a major technology paradigm shift. These factors are: Supplier relations, Material management, Material availability, Available space, Scalability, Product flexibility, Risk management, External resource utilization, Internal relations, Demand estimation, Management endorsement, Appropriate methodology, Employee engagement, and Competence renewal. A structure using ISM methodology is established highlighting the factors’ influencing relation to each other. Anchored in the theory regarding paradigmatic shifts within industry, a tendency of technological, managerial, and institutional influence on organizational change can be discerned where the institutional level poses as the fundamental dimension of derived quality. The factors are identified from a Scania specific case but are broad enough to apply to similar situations facing challenges of a technological paradigm shift.

Com base nos dados do IBGE, estima-se que aproximadamente 2,4 milhões de domicílios brasileiros não têm acesso ao serviço de energia elétrica. Ainda, projeções da Aneel indicam que, após a alteração dos critérios determinados pela Lei nº 10.438/2002, o número de unidades consumidoras classificadas na subclasse residencial baixa renda passou de 8 para 14 milhões. Conforme estimativas atuais, são necessários recursos da ordem de R$ 7,3 bilhões para equacionar o acesso à energia elétrica daqueles domicílios, bem como de aproximadamente R$ 1 bilhão por ano para compensar as distribuidoras pela perda de receita decorrente do aumento do número de consumidores baixa renda. Os dois aspectos são complementares na conceituação da universalização, na visão do autor. Deste modo, este estudo apresenta uma visão sistêmica sobre ambos os aspectos da universalização: a garantia do acesso físico e do uso contínuo; sendo este último considerado como as condições para a manutenção do acesso ao serviço de eletricidade por meio de uma tarifa social ou de programas compensatórios. O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é, então, analisar e avaliar as normas legais e os regulamentos que norteiam as políticas públicas de universalização dos serviços de energia elétrica, como também dos que indiretamente interferem nessas ações, buscando identificar eventuais necessidades de sua complementação ou mesmo de sua alteração. Para isso, mostra-se a evolução recente das ações do Estado, da legislação pertinente e da regulamentação promovida pela Aneel para cada um das duas vertentes da universalização. Apresenta-se também a dimensão dos recursos financeiros envolvidos, identificando os possíveis impactos decorrente da nova regulamentação da subclasse residencial baixa renda e também do programa de universalização Luz para Todos. / IBGE data has shown that approximately 2.4 million Brazilian households do not have access to electricity service. Moreover, Aneel´s projections indicate that, after the alteration of the criteria determined by Law 10,438/2002, the number of households classified as low income residential subclass has increased from 8 to 14 million. Further studies imply that R$ 7.3 billion would be necessary to enable those 2.4 million households to have access to electric energy, as well as R$ 1 billion per year to compensate the utilities for the loss resulting from the increase of low income consuming domiciles. The two aspects are complementary as for the universal electricity service, in the vision of the author. Hence, this work proposes to overview both aspects: to ensure physical access and the continuous use through social tariffs or compensating programs. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze and to evaluate the regulations which guide the public policies of universal electricity service in order to identify whenever its complementation or its alteration is required. Thus, this study shows relevant government policies and Aneel regulation as well as necessary resources, possible and likely impacts to improve the current situation.

CAMARGO, Ednaldo J. S. Programa Luz para Todos da eletrificação rural à universalização do acesso à energia elétrica. Da necessidade de uma política de Estado, 2010, 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Energia) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2010 A criação do Programa Luz para Todos, em 11 de novembro de 2003, por meio da Lei 10.762, e sua regulamentação pelo Decreto 4.873, da mesma data, trouxe novos temas para o âmbito do estudo da eletrificação rural. O Programa luz para Todos acumulou em sua estruturação uma somatória de conhecimentos e experiências anteriores, com um arranjo financeiro que possibilitou uma solução até então inédita para o atendimento do morador pobre das áreas rurais: a total gratuidade da ligação. Esta solução foi possível graças a um arranjo financeiro que envolveu diversas partes. O Governo Federal, com recursos de dois fundos setoriais a RGR Reserva Global de Reversão e a CDE Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético, sendo a CDE lançada a fundo perdido, como subvenção e a RGR na forma de financiamento, os Governos Estaduais e os agentes concessionários e permissionários, não havendo qualquer participação financeira de parte do consumidor a ser ligado. Este arranjo tripartite varia dependendo do impacto tarifário que a ligação ou conjunto de ligações gerar para o agente executor da obra, assim, eventualmente o percentual de CDE pode ser superior ao da RGR ou mesmo o valor do governo do Estado pode ser igual ao da CDE. Essa estrutura de custo viabilizou em pouco mais de seis anos a ligação de mais de dois milhões e cem mil domicílios muitos deles que jamais poderiam ser atendidos de outra forma, pois que mais de 60% desses atendimentos foram em famílias com renda familiar inferior a um salário mínimo. O problema que se coloca é que o Programa tem prazo para acabar: 31 de dezembro de 2.010 e o quadro que se vislumbra é o retorno às normas anteriores ao Programa que possuem viés excludente. O principal problema apontado é o retorno às normas da Resolução 456, de 29 de novembro de 2000. Esta regulação estabelece que o atendimento da concessionária se dá até o limite da propriedade, decorrendo que, a partir desse ponto, todos os custos são suportados pelo consumidor que solicitou o serviço. Durante a vigência do Programa Luz para Todos estas normas estiveram suspensas para as ligações efetuadas sob a égide do Programa, pois o Decreto que regulamentou a Lei que criou o Programa efetuou uma transferência de titularidade normativa, determinando que o Ministério de Minas e Energia criaria um Manual de Operacionalização com as normas para a efetivação do Programa, deste modo suspendeu a aplicabilidade das normas que fossem conflitantes com o Manual de Operacionalização. Com o fim do Programa e o retorno do quadro regulatório anterior se prevê uma situação de exclusão, pelo que são propostas alterações normativas para transformar o que é Programa de Governo em Política de Estado e, assim, garantir que as futuras gerações não sejam vítimas de um sistema elétrico baseado na exclusão dos moradores pobres das áreas rurais.. / CAMARGO, Ednaldo J. S. Luz para Todos - from rural electrification to universal access to electricity. The need for a state policy, 2010, 131 p. Dissertation (Master in Energy) - Post-Graduation in Energy at the Universidade de São Paulo, 2010 The creation of Luz para Todos Program, at November, 11, 2003, through Law 10.762, and its regulation by Decree 4.873, at the same day, brought new themes for the study of rural electrification. The Luz para Todos Program accumulated in their structure a sum of knowledge and previous experience with a financial solution that enabled a hitherto unprecedented solution for meeting the resident poor rural areas: a totally free connection. This solution was possible through a financial arrangement involving various parties. The Federal Government, with funds from two sector funds - RGR Reserve Global Reversion and CDE - Energy Development Account, CDE released the grant and RGR in the form of funding, the state governments and agents dealers and authorized the absence of any contribution of the consumer to be connected. This tripartite arrangement varied depending on the tariff impact that the connection or set of links would generate for the executive agent of the work, so eventually the percentage of CDE could be higher than the RGR or the value of the state government could be equal to the CDE. This cost structure made possible in just over six years the connection of more than two million one hundred thousand homes, many of which could never be met otherwise, for more than 60% of these visits were in families with income less than minimum wage. The problem that arises is that the program has a term to end: December 31, 2010 and the picture that is emerging is the return to the pre program regulations that are exclusionary. The main problem cited is return to the norms of Resolution 456 of 29 November 2000. This regulation requires the attendance of the licensee is given to the extent of the property, with the result that, from that point, all costs are borne by the consumer who requested the service. During the term of Luz para Todos Program these rules have been suspended for calls made under the auspices of the Program. Because the Decree implementing the Law that created the program effected a transfer of ownership regulations, determining that the Ministry of Mines and Energy would an Operating Manual to the standards for the realization of the program, thus suspended the applicability of the rules that would conflict with the Operating Manual. With the end of the program and return the previous regulatory framework provides for an exclusion, so that legislative changes are proposed to transform what is government\'s programs in state policy and thus ensure that future generations do not suffer a electric system based on the exclusion of the poor residents of rural areas

O trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar e oferecer uma nova política de eletrificação rural para o Estado de São Paulo, tendo por base o seguinte questionamento: cabe ao Estado de São Paulo manter política própria de eletrificação rural após a lei da universalização, nº 10.438/2002, do programa Luz para Todos e, ainda, do conjunto de Resoluções da ANEEL sobre o assunto? A abordagem do assunto tem por base a experiência do autor sobre o tema eletrificação rural, em especial com os programas desenvolvidos no Estado a partir de 1996, sob gestão ou coordenação da CERESP, órgão da Secretaria de Saneamento e Energia (SSE). A regulação da época previa que o interessado deveria pagar pelo custo de conexão à rede elétrica das concessionárias, assim, os programas desenvolvidos até então, tratavam de complexos sistemas de financiamento dessas conexões. As inovações desses programas contribuíram para a implantação da lei da universalização 10.438/2002 e do programa Luz para Todos. O programa Luz para Todos trata a universalização de modo diferente daquele determinado pela Resolução 456/2000, em que os benefícios concedidos aos interessados atendidos pelo programa são mais abrangentes daqueles permitidos pela regulação atual. A pesquisa mostra que esse é o diferencial que permite a real universalização do acesso ao serviço público de eletricidade no meio rural, de forma adequada. O programa será encerrado em dezembro de 2010, cabendo às concessionárias atender os interessados apenas pelos critérios da universalização. O trabalho aponta grande possibilidade de exclusão do acesso à eletricidade a partir desse momento, e propõe oferecer ao Estado uma pesquisa que indique caminhos que possibilite a São Paulo antecipar-se às consequências que virão com fim do Programa Luz para Todos. Trata-se, assim, de pesquisa que envolve experiência profissional e conhecimento acadêmico. / The research work aims to study and provide a new policy of rural electrification in the State of Sao Paulo, based on the following question: \"the State of Sao Paulo must maintain its own policy of rural electrification after the universal law, nº 10.438/2002, the Light for All program and also the set of resolutions by ANEEL on the matter?\" The approach to the subject is based on the author\'s experience on the subject of rural electrification, especially through programs developed in the state since 1996, under the management or coordination of CERESP, organ of the SSE. The regulation of time provided that the person should pay for the cost of grid connection to the utilities power grids, therefore the programs developed so far, dealt with complex financial systems of these connections. The innovations of these programs contributed to the implementation of the law universal nº 10438/2002 and the Light for All program. The Light for All Program is universal and so different from that determined by ANEEL Resolution 456/2000, where the benefits granted to persons enrolled in the program are the most comprehensive of those allowed by current regulation. Research shows that this is the differential that allows the real universal access to public electricity in rural areas, as appropriate. The program will end in December 2010, leaving it to dealers only meet the criteria of universality. The work shows great possibility of exclusion from access to electricity from that time, and proposes giving the state a survey indicating that enable paths to Sao Paulo to anticipate the consequences that come with the end of the Light for All Program. Therefore, it is a research that involves work experience and academic knowledge.