The aim of this thesis is to analyze the business environment of Ukraine from year 2001 to 2011 and evaluate the major changes and trends. I will proceed from the basic assessment of the economic environment in Ukraine to its focus on business issues. At the beginning I will show the development of general macroeconomic indicators of Ukrainian economy, then I will give statistics on international trade and investment. The next section will evaluate the international trade of Ukraine with its main partners. After that I will focus on the possibilities of cooperation with Czech Republic. At the end I will show specific actions related to the establishment of a foreign legal entity. Based on the analysis and my own experience I will create recommendations for entrepreneurs wishing to start working and develop business in Ukraine. I will also make some proposals for improvements to be made in the business environment in Ukraine to ensure effective trade with foreign business partners. The result of this thesis should be the conclusion if Ukraine is moving in the right direction nowadays.

This essay explores the early experiences of Bangladeshi blue-collar service workers in digitalising their livelihoods. It is a qualitative study that surveys and interviews service-providers in Dhaka who use the business aggregator platform Sheba.xyz, an online service marketplace, and seeks to understand what brought these self-employed micro-entrepreneurs, previously outside the digital economy, to adopt an ICT-enabled solution. The study is guided by Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, one of the historically dominant paradigms in the field of communication for development (C4D). The overarching research question is, “Why did blue-collar service-providers in Dhaka adopt and use a digital business aggregator platform?” The aim is to explore what motivated/discouraged and enabled/hindered innovation adoption among a group of users previously marginalised from digital and financial inclusion. The findings suggest that adoption of Sheba.xyz among service-providers was not driven so much by a desire to digitalise one’s business per se, and as a means of mitigating a previous inability to do so. Rather, the factors that emerge from the qualitative data are other perceived relative advantages of the solution – of increase in customers, income, and opportunity. Survey respondents and interviewees also displayed strong affiliation with, and trust in, the platform provider; an alertness for fair treatment; and a drive to prosper, suggesting that they embraced a comprehensive concept and altered life situation where belonging, respect, and self-fulfilment matters, rather than narrowly adopted a new mobile application.

This study to meant to determine the extent to which the Zimbabwean women in the small-scale business sector depended on their social capital to make it. The primary question of the study was: What is the significance of social capital in determining the success or failure of women’s businesses in Zimbabwe? Methodologically, the study followed the constructivist approach, which aimed at obtaining detailed and thick in-depth descriptions from the women who are socially a vulnerable group. It followed the qualitative research design; whose characteristics were dependence on the narratives of the discussants to explain phenomena. Non-probability sampling was preferred, and the sampling techniques used were mainly purposive. The sample comprised 21 participants, drawn from a population of women in small scale businesses in Glen Norah A, Glen View 1 and Highfield in Harare. The researcher used focus group discussions and individual interviews for data collection. Data was analysed thematically. The key findings were that women were dependent on their bonding and linking social capital to succeed (or fail) in business. Thus, such findings constitute some of the major contributions of the study to the commonwealth of knowledge. In particular one contribution is that women’s business development in the small-scale informal sector follows a particular lifecycle where different types of social capital are required. The findings led to the recommendations that women must be recognized as key players in economic development, and should be assisted at nascent stages so that their participation in economic development can be more robust and visible. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)

MRDV / Institute for Rural Development / Given that successful enterprises globally, play pivotal roles in job creation, income generation, and sustainable livelihood, they can contribute to the economic development of South Africa if such activities are supported. Unfortunately, many youth-run enterprises fail in the first year of operation. This study distilled inherent success driving attributes which could provide learning points for future youth entrepreneurs. A mixed design was applied in which qualitative and quantitative data was gathered. Yamane’s (1973) formula was used to identify a sample of 140 youth entrepreneurs from Dididi, Dumasi, Hasane, and Botsoleni villages in Thulamela Local Municipality. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the respondents. Open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires were used to collect data through one-on-one interviews. The analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25, where descriptive statistics and other related inferential statistics were performed. Atlas-ti software version 8 was used to analyse the qualitative data. Five major factors, namely: survey, entrepreneurs’ standards, advertisements, clients, and employees and several attributes linked to each factor were identified. Entrepreneurs’ ability to explore existing markets, follow-up trends of innovation, and evaluate ideas were core attributes of survey. Youths’ potential to set goals and targets, make savings for reinvestments, and introduce new businesses were linked to entrepreneurs’ standards. Advertisements, skills to use social media, communicate with clients, and relate with other entrepreneurs were mentioned. Ability to follow up with clients, and give quality services at competitive price were the main attributes associated to clients, while the ability to define task and allocate duties, make timely and healthy payments were identified under employee factor. These attributes informed a model for the enhancement of success endogenous attributes of entrepreneurs. The study recommends the implementation of the model to enhance improved entrepreneurship capacity building through formal and informal education. / NRF

Diploma thesis "The elimination of the Private Enterprises, Small and Medium Sized Entrepreneurs, in Czechoslovakia between 1948-1953" is focused on the period after the February 1948, which dates the power takeover by Communistic party of Czechoslovakia, and deals with one feature of change of the Czechoslovak economy, especially the elimination of the private sector, and arising of the socialistic sector as the only segment of the national economy. The thesis reveals the change in communistic attitude toward the private entrepreneurship in 1945-1949, and steps which it took against the private entrepreneurs. Moreover, the thesis describes acting of state authorities and other institutions which played important role in the whole process. It also detects the way which was used for joining the private small and medium sized enterprises into the socialistic sector or the way how they were eliminated in 1948-1953. The whole process is embedded into a broader historical background. The research includes three levels. The first one is legislative level, the second includes state authorities and institutions taking part in the process of elimination following the instructions given by the Communistic party of Czechoslovakia, and finally the third level which refers to entrepreneurs themselves and their...

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En la actualidad, la pandemia originada por el Covid-19 ha afectado negativamente a muchos rubros de trabajo, generando una alta tasa de desempleo en el Perú, sobre todo a los pequeños y medianos negocios. No obstante, en este contexto el mundo se ha digitalizado y los servicios digitales han recibido un nuevo potencial. Un estudio realizado por Ipsos, en el 2021, reveló que las áreas más demandadas por emprendedores son las de marketing y publicidad con 43% y el manejo de herramientas digitales con un 26%. Sin embargo, aún existe un gran número de emprendedores que no logran adaptarse a las nuevas tendencias y continúan dirigiendo su negocio con poco éxito. Considerando ello, nuestro proyecto busca brindar una solución eficiente a través de la creación de una página web enfocada a las personas residentes de Lima Metropolitana con el objetivo de satisfacer la necesidad en el marketing digital y dirección estratégica e impulsar de manera eficiente la rentabilidad y mejorar el alcance de los emprendimientos a través de cursos y servicios online. Para la sustentación de dicho proyecto se desarrollaron diferentes experimentos que facultaron la validez de la necesidad hallada, las posibles soluciones planteadas y el resultado del concierge. Los resultados que se obtuvieron a partir de los experimentos realizados nos ayudaron a entender la importancia que tiene el validar el modelo de negocio; así como también validar el nivel de intención de compra del target. Se otorga a disposición del público el presente trabajo de investigación en beneficio del crecimiento de nuevos proyectos e ideas sostenibles que continúen con el camino de la constante innovación. / At present, the pandemic caused by Covid-19 has negatively affected many areas of work, generating a high unemployment rate in Peru, especially for small and medium-sized businesses.  However, in this context, the world has gone digital and digital services have been given new potential. A study conducted by Ipsos in 2021 revealed that the areas most in demand by entrepreneurs are marketing and advertising with 43% and the management of digital tools with 26%. Nevertheless, there are still a large number of entrepreneurs who are unable to adapt to new trends and continue to run their businesses with little success. Considering this, our project seeks to provide an efficient solution through the creation of a website focused on the residents of Metropolitan Lima with the aim of satisfying the need in digital marketing and strategic management and efficiently boosting the profitability and improving the scope of enterprises through online courses and services.  In order to support the project, different experiments were carried out to validate the need found, the possible solutions proposed and the results of the concierge. The results obtained from the experiments helped us to understand the importance of validating the business model, as well as validating the level of purchase intention of the target. In view of the above, we make this investigation work available to the public for the benefit of the growth of new projects and sustainable ideas that continue on the path of constant innovation. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto de investigación consta de una plataforma e-learning enfocada en cursos de marketing digital y publicidad para ayudar a emprendedores peruanos a potenciar sus negocios dentro del mundo digital. Marketem está orientada a brindar un servicio de calidad y fácil uso para el público al que va enfocado. El objetivo de este modelo de negocio es contribuir en la enseñanza del correcto uso de herramientas de marketing digital y publicidad, para que los emprendedores puedan implementar lo aprendido en sus propios negocios y optimizar sus estrategias. Para poder llevar a cabo el presente proyecto de investigación se realizaron las siguientes acciones y planes: Validación del Modelo de Negocio, Plan de Ejecución del Concierge, Plan de Marketing y Plan Financiero, donde se pudo obtener la Proyección de Ventas, Flujo de Caja, VAN, TIR, Financiamiento, Ingresos y Egresos. Estos poseen las estrategias necesarias para asegurar la viabilidad del proyecto. / The current research project consists of an e-learning platform focused on digital marketing and advertising courses in order to help Peruvian entrepreneurs to boost their businesses within the digital world. Marketem is aimed at providing a quality and easy-to-use e-learning service for their target audience. The objective of this business model is to contribute to teaching the correct use of digital marketing and advertising tools, so that means entrepreneurs can implement what they have learned in their own businesses and optimize their strategies. In order to carry out this research project, the following actions and plans were carried out: Validation of the Business Model, Concierge Execution Plan, Marketing Plan and Financial Plan, where it was possible to obtain the Sales Projection, Cash Flow, VAN, IRR, Financing, Income and Expenses. They have the necessary strategies to ensure the viability of the project. / Trabajo de investigación

Le cadre légal des affaires en Haïti et, plus particulièrement, le Code des investissements de 2002 ne sont ni en mesure d’attirer les investissements directs étrangers, ni n’arrivent à faciliter la réalisation des activités entrepreneuriales. Ce cadre légal n’est pas adapté à la situation particulière des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s en Haïti ni à celle des entrepreneur.e.s de la diaspora intéressé.e.s à entreprendre des affaires dans leur pays d’origine. Certaines initiatives de l’État haïtien pour promouvoir les activités entrepreneuriales au pays, encourager les jeunes à se lancer en affaires ou convaincre la diaspora et les étranger.ère.s à venir investir dans le pays, ne produisent pas de résultats satisfaisants. Il y a lieu de questionner les obstacles qui empêchent le climat des affaires haïtien d’être attractif et compétitif. De tels obstacles sont d’ordre à la fois politique, financier, administratif, structurel et légal. Ceux liés au cadre légal en vigueur et aux démarches administratives pour réaliser les activités entrepreneuriales ont fait l’objet, dans le cadre de ce mémoire, d’une analyse particulière. Cette dernière a permis de mettre en exergue les lourdeurs administratives, la difficulté de trouver du financement et l’absence de définition du statut « d’entrepreneur.e » et d’un encadrement des activités entrepreneuriales proprement dites. Le cadre légal des affaires en vigueur, se limitant au droit commercial traditionnel, mérite d’être mis à jour afin d’être adapté aux particularités des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s. D’où la formulation, dans ce mémoire, d’un ensemble de propositions qui prennent en compte, d’une part, les différents obstacles qui compliquent la réalisation d’activités entrepreneuriales en Haïti et, d’autre part, les particularités des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s ou de l’entrepreneuriat jeunesse. / The legal framework for business in Haiti and, in particular, the 2002 Investment Code are neither able to attract foreign direct investment nor facilitate entrepreneurial activities. This legal framework is not adapted to the particular situation of young entrepreneurs in Haiti or to that of entrepreneurs from the diaspora interested in doing business in their home country. Some Haitian government initiatives to promote entrepreneurial activities in the country, encourage young people to start a business or convince the diaspora and foreigners to invest in the country are not producing satisfactory results. There is a need to question the obstacles that prevent the Haitian business climate from being attractive and competitive. Such obstacles are political, financial, administrative, structural and legal. Those related to the legal framework in force and the administrative procedures for carrying out entrepreneurial activities have been the subject of a particular analysis in the context of this brief. This analysis has made it possible to highlight the administrative burden, the difficulty in finding financing and the lack of definition of the status of “entrepreneur” and the lack of a framework for entrepreneurial activities as such. The current legal framework for business, limited to traditional commercial law, needs to be updated in order to be adapted to the particularities of young entrepreneurs. Hence the formulation, in this brief, of a set of proposals that take into account, on the one hand, the various obstacles that complicate the realization of entrepreneurial activities in Haiti and, on the other hand, the particularities of young entrepreneurs or youth entrepreneurship.

För att ett kreditinstitut ska låna ut pengar, måste de först göra en kreditbedömning. Väl där granskas finansiell information, återbetalningsförmåga samt även personen bakom företaget och dess egenskaper. Trots att bankbelåning är det vanligaste sättet att finansiera sin verksamhet för många små företag, visar flera studier att kvinnoledda företag har svårare att få lån jämfört med manliga entreprenörer. Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en ökad förståelse samt redogöra för vilka diskurser som råder bland kreditbedömare vad gäller betydelsen/rollen som personliga egenskaper har hos manliga och kvinnliga entreprenörer. I denna studie har en abduktiv ansats använts, som är en blandning av den deduktiva och induktiva forskningsansatsen. Studiens resultat kommer fram till att diskurserna som hittades är att en del av respondenterna anser att egenskaper är viktiga, medan en annan del anser att egenskaper är viktiga, dock inte avgörande. Vidare visar resultat att respondenterna anser att uppdelningarna mellan manliga och kvinnliga entreprenörer inte existerar och är olämpliga. Slutligen visar studien att en entreprenör är en person oavsett kön, som innehar entreprenöriella egenskaper. / In order for a credit institution to lend money, they must first do a credit assessment. Once there, financial information, ability to repay and also the person behind the company and its owners characteristics are reviewed. Despite the fact that bank loans are the most common way to finance their business for many small businesses, several studies show that women-led businesses have more difficulty getting loans compared to male entrepreneurs. The purpose of this essay is to investigate what discourses there are among the bank assessors when it comes to the meaning/role of the characteristics of male and female entrepreneurs on credit assessment. In this study, an abductive approach has been used, which is a mixture of the deductive and inductive research approach. The results of the study conclude that the discourses that were found are that one part of the respondents means that characteristics are important, while the other thinks it's important but not decisive. Further the results show that the respondents think that the dividing of male and female entrepreneurs does not exist and is inappropriate. Lastly the study shows that an entrepreneur is a person regardless of the person being a male or female, which have characteristics that are viewed as entrepreneurial.