Tuberculosis (TB) is a two-stage disease, acquisition of infection and progression to disease. A complex interaction exists between the individual and their environment that determines who acquires infection and who progresses to disease. According to TB literature, 10% of individuals with infection will develop TB disease (1;2). Tuberculosis has been described a disease of poverty, but other factors may be important. The contribution of both individual measures, such as ethnic origin, gender and age and area-level measures, or socio-economic factors, to this two-stage process is not well understood. Understanding tuberculosis epidemiology and identifying those at risk for developing TB is important for effectively controlling the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the individual (age, gender, ethnic origin, geographic location) and area-level measures (income, home ownership, housing density, education, and employment) that contribute to the progression from tuberculosis infection to disease. Data from all Canadian-born Caucasians, Status Indians, and non-Status Indians and Metis, with an initial positive tuberculin skin test (TST) documented in the Saskatchewan TB Control database from January 1, 1986 to January 31, 2002 was analyzed. Exclusion criteria included any previous BCG vaccination, treatment for latent TB infection, or missing data. Individual data was obtained from the TB Control database. Area-level measures were obtained by matching individual postal codes with Canada census data to obtain information from enumeration areas. Outcome was time to TB disease at > 1 month following a documented positive tuberculin skin test. Analysis was completed using Cox regression proportional hazards model. 7588 individuals with a positive tuberculin skin test were included in the study and of these 338 (4.5%) developed TB disease. Thirty-four out of 4140 (0.8%) of Caucasians, 183 out of 2649 (6.9%) of Status Indians and 121 out of 799 (15.1%) non-Status Indians and Metis developed TB. The rate of progression to TB was 5.6/1000 person years for the entire study population. The incidence for Caucasians was 0.9/1000 person years, 7.7/1000 person years for Status Indians and 16.0/1000 person years for non-Status Indians and Metis. In the Cox regression model, including individual and area-level measures, the risk factors association with the progression to TB was age and ethnic origin (< 19 years of age HR 3.7, 95% CI 2.8 - 4.8 compared to > 19 years and ethnic origin HR 5.1, 95% CI 3.0 - 8.6 for Status Indians and HR 7.4, 95% CI 4.1-13.3 for non-Status Indians and Metis both compared to Caucasians). No socio-economic factor was consistently associated with progression to disease. We have found that age and ethnic origin are associated with an increased risk of TB infection progressing to disease. The differences in TB rates between Saskatchewan Caucasians and Status Indians, non-Status Indians and Metis can be explained by Grigg's natural history curve of TB epidemiology within a population (3). The Aboriginal population of Saskatchewan is much earlier in its epidemic resulting in higher disease rates compared to the Caucasian population. Identifying those at risk of developing TB and understanding the determinants of TB epidemiology are important for establishing successful TB control programs.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a two-stage disease, acquisition of infection and progression to disease. A complex interaction exists between the individual and their environment that determines who acquires infection and who progresses to disease. According to TB literature, 10% of individuals with infection will develop TB disease (1;2). Tuberculosis has been described a disease of poverty, but other factors may be important. The contribution of both individual measures, such as ethnic origin, gender and age and area-level measures, or socio-economic factors, to this two-stage process is not well understood. Understanding tuberculosis epidemiology and identifying those at risk for developing TB is important for effectively controlling the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the individual (age, gender, ethnic origin, geographic location) and area-level measures (income, home ownership, housing density, education, and employment) that contribute to the progression from tuberculosis infection to disease. Data from all Canadian-born Caucasians, Status Indians, and non-Status Indians and Metis, with an initial positive tuberculin skin test (TST) documented in the Saskatchewan TB Control database from January 1, 1986 to January 31, 2002 was analyzed. Exclusion criteria included any previous BCG vaccination, treatment for latent TB infection, or missing data. Individual data was obtained from the TB Control database. Area-level measures were obtained by matching individual postal codes with Canada census data to obtain information from enumeration areas. Outcome was time to TB disease at > 1 month following a documented positive tuberculin skin test. Analysis was completed using Cox regression proportional hazards model. 7588 individuals with a positive tuberculin skin test were included in the study and of these 338 (4.5%) developed TB disease. Thirty-four out of 4140 (0.8%) of Caucasians, 183 out of 2649 (6.9%) of Status Indians and 121 out of 799 (15.1%) non-Status Indians and Metis developed TB. The rate of progression to TB was 5.6/1000 person years for the entire study population. The incidence for Caucasians was 0.9/1000 person years, 7.7/1000 person years for Status Indians and 16.0/1000 person years for non-Status Indians and Metis. In the Cox regression model, including individual and area-level measures, the risk factors association with the progression to TB was age and ethnic origin (< 19 years of age HR 3.7, 95% CI 2.8 - 4.8 compared to > 19 years and ethnic origin HR 5.1, 95% CI 3.0 - 8.6 for Status Indians and HR 7.4, 95% CI 4.1-13.3 for non-Status Indians and Metis both compared to Caucasians). No socio-economic factor was consistently associated with progression to disease. We have found that age and ethnic origin are associated with an increased risk of TB infection progressing to disease. The differences in TB rates between Saskatchewan Caucasians and Status Indians, non-Status Indians and Metis can be explained by Grigg's natural history curve of TB epidemiology within a population (3). The Aboriginal population of Saskatchewan is much earlier in its epidemic resulting in higher disease rates compared to the Caucasian population. Identifying those at risk of developing TB and understanding the determinants of TB epidemiology are important for establishing successful TB control programs.

America has continued to be increasingly diverse in culture and ethnicities. As such, these diverse populations require those in health and mental health fields to adjust to the cultural differences that arise. Central to these conversations is the impact of the acculturation process on immigrant populations. Researchers posit the stress of immigration and the acculturation process leads to increased rates of mental illness (Lang, Munoz, Bernal and Sorenson 1982; Masten, Penland and Nayani 1994; Neff and Hoppe 1993). Assuming that the acculturation process impacts first generation immigrants most, this study investigated U.S. born Blacks with and without Caribbean descent and Caribbean born Blacks residing in the U.S. to determine if nativity status and generational status impacts rates of mental illness. Using the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) dataset which is one of three research projects conducted from 2001 to 2003 by the Program for Research on Black Americans (PBRA), as part of the Research Center for Group Dynamics project, analyses were conducted to determine if relationships existed for these groups. Results indicated that mental illness is dependent on country of origin and U.S. born Blacks do self-report mental illnesses significantly more than Caribbean Blacks. Caribbean Blacks who are first generation in the U.S. are significantly less likely to report mental illness than second generation Caribbean Blacks. Differences in gender, work, number of years living in the U.S., age at immigration and wealth and poverty indicators all show some relationships with mental illnesses. / Ph. D.

Diabetes, speciellt typ 2, är ett växande globalt hälsoproblem. Idag är det cirka 220 miljoner människor i världen som är drabbade av diabetes och siffran uppskattas stiga till 366 miljoner fram till år 2030. Sverige är ett mångkulturellt samhälle, vilket ställer högre krav på att hälso- och sjukvård ska anpassa omvårdnaden till varje enskild patient med diabetes. Syftet med studien var att belysa uppfattningar om egenvård vid diabetessjukdom hos personer med olika kulturella/etniska ursprung. Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie där tio kvalitativa forskningsartiklar analyserades. En modell för Transkulturell Kompetens har använts som teoretisk referensram. Resultat av denna studie visar att det finns kulturella/etniska skillnader vad gäller uppfattning om egenvård vid diabetessjukdom, framförallt vad gäller kunskap om diabetes, faktorer som påverkar livsstilsförändringar och egenvårdsinsatser, religion/tro samt stöd/brist på stöd i olika relationer. Vårdpersonalens förmåga att hantera kulturella olikheter och bedriva transkulturell omvårdnad ställer krav på att vårdgivare har kunskap om hur kulturella/etniskt ursprung kan påverka synen på egenvård vid diabetes. Ökad kunskap kan ge vårdpersonalen trygghet i sitt arbete, vilket bidrar till en mera individanpassad och säkrare omvårdnad. / Diabetes, especially type 2, is a growing global health problem. Today there is about 220 million people worldwide suffering from diabetes and this figure is estimated to rise to 366 million by the year 2030. Sweden is a multicultural society, which places greater demands for health care to adapt to each individual patient with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the perceptions of self-care in diabetes disease in people with different cultural / ethnic origin. The study was conducted as a literature review and ten qualitative research articles were analyzed. The Model for Development of Transcultural Competence was used as a theoretical framework. Results of this study indicate that there are cultural / ethnic differences in perception of self-care in diabetes, particularly in terms of knowledge of diabetes, factors that influence lifestyle changes and self-care activities, religion / faith and the support / lack of support in different relationships. Health professionals' ability to manage cultural differences and maintain transcultural nursing requires that healthcare providers have knowledge of how cultural / ethnic origin may influence the perception of self-care in diabetes. Increased knowledge can provide health care providers safety in their profession, which contributes to a more individualized and safer care.

No description available.

Black American women have the highest screening rates for cervical cancer among all the ethnic groups in the United States. Even though evidence from the literature suggests that the number of deaths from cervical cancer in the United States could be reduced by preventive screening, this particular minority population still suffers disproportionately higher mortality from the disease than the other minority and majority populations in the United States. This study was proposed to investigate cancer screening disparities among different subpopulations of women residing in the United States during 1999, and to recommend public health interventions that could potentially increase cervical cancer screening rates, thereby decreasing differential mortality rates for cervical cancer among these subpopulations. The Preventive Health Model in conjunction with data from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to identify the covariates of cervical cancer screening behavior in an ethnically diverse population of American women residing in the United States during the specified timeframe. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to evaluate the association between each one of the independent variables and the dependent variable (compliance with the 1999 cervical screening guidelines of the American Cancer Society). One of the major findings of this study was that Black, White and Hispanic American women were more similar in their screening behavior than dissimilar. The study also showed that the disparity in cervical cancer screening behavior in this population is in age, rather than in ethnic origin. Black, White and Hispanic American women of child-bearing age (18-44 years) were more likely to be compliant with the 1999 cervical cancer screening guidelines of the American Cancer Society, than Black, White and Hispanic American women who were not of child-bearing age (45 to 64 years). Implications for public health intervention studies are discussed, and recommendations made for future research in this area of cervical cancer screening behavior.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianadossantostirapani.pdf: 7656377 bytes, checksum: 0a3b611219390192f5e767266c918a24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-03 / INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) são responsáveis pelas principais causas de óbito em todo o mundo, matando cerca de 15 milhões de mulheres e homens com idades de 30 e 70 a cada ano (WHO, 2017), ocasionando graves consequências sociais e econômicas em todas as sociedades e economias, principalmente em populações pobres e vulneráveis, emergindo como um grave problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo (WHO, 2014). Existe forte evidência que correlaciona os fatores socioeconômicos a uma maior prevalência e fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular, doença renal crônica e diabetes fatores sociais como educação, ocupação, renda, gênero e etnia (ABEYTA et al; 2012; LASH ,2009; SIEGEL,LUENGEN e STOCK, 2013). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência de fatores de risco sociais em pacientes com hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e doença renal crônica. Correlacionar Renda, Educação e Cor com os fatores de risco sociais e o impacto destas nos indicadores clínicos de controle. METODOLOGIA: É um estudo longitudinal do tipo coorte retrospectiva abrangendo o período de agosto de 2010 a dezembro de 2014. Foram utilizados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: usuários com mais de 18 anos e que passaram por pelo menos 2 consultas no Centro Hiperdia de Juiz de Fora no período de agosto de 2010 a dezembro de 2014. Os usuários elegíveis foram aqueles encaminhados pela atenção primária à saúde da área de abrangência do Centro. As informações demográficas foram levantadas na admissão e as demais variáveis foram coletadas no atendimento. As variáveis demográficas analisadas foram: sexo, idade, cor, cidade, UBS de origem, estado civil, escolaridade, renda, tabagismo, etilismo. As variáveis clínicas coletedas foram: pressão arterial, peso, altura, IMC. Quanto aos registros laboratoriais foram coletados dados referentes a Creatinina, Glicemia de jejum, Hemoglobina e Hemoglobina glicada, colesterol total, HDL e LDL. O levantamento das medicações utilizadas: IECA, BRAT, Betabloqueadores, Estatina, AAS, diuréticos, Insulina, Biguanida, Sulfoniuréia e Fibrato. Como também tempo de acompanhamento e número de consultas. CONCLUSÃO: A cor, a renda e a educação apresentaram baixo impacto na progressão da HAS, do DM e da DRC. Apenas a renda impactou na progressão do diabetes mellitus, possívelmente pelo fato do acesso às medicações pela população com menor renda ser restrito às classes disponíveis no SUS. Observamos sim, associações das patologias com gênero, analfabetismo e cor, porém essas variáveis não impactaram na progressão avaliada ao final do estudo. Acreditamos que o modelo universal do sistema de saúde aliado ao modelo de atenção interdisciplinar tenham suplantados as diferenças socioeconômicas. / INTRODUCTION: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (CDN) are led by causes of death worldwide, killing about 15 million women and men between the ages of 30 and 70 each year (WHO, 2017). Graves increase rates and vulnerabilities, emerging as a serious public health problem worldwide (WHO, 2014). Rating: 0.0 The main risk factors for cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and diabetes social factors such as education, occupation, income, gender and ethnicity (ABEYTA et al; 2012, LASH, 2009, SIEGEL, LUENGEN and STOCK, 2013). OBJECTIVES: medical prescription of risk factors in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease; Correlate Income, Education and Color with social risk factors and the impact of the same clinical indicators of control. METHODS: This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study covering the period from August 2010 to December 2014. The following inclusion criteria were used: users older than 18 years and who had at least 2 visits in the Hiperdia Juiz de Fora period from August 2010 to December 2014. Eligible users were referred to primary health care in the area covered by the Center. Demographic information is collected at admission and the other variables are collected at the attendance level. As demographic variables analyzed were: sex, age, color, city, UBS, marital status, schooling, income, smoking, alcohol consumption. For clinical clinics: blood pressure, weight, height, BMI, heart rate. The laboratory records of: creatinine, fasting glycemia, hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. The application of medications used: ACEI, BRAT, Beta blockers, Statin, AAS, diuretics, Insulin Biguanide, Sulfoniureia and Fibrato. As well as follow-up time and number of queries. CONCLUSION: The ethnicity, an income and an impact on the progression of hypertension, DM and CDR. Only one study on the progression of diabetes mellitus can be done through access to medications by the population with restricted access to the classes available in the SUS. We observed an association of pathologies with gender, illiteracy and color, but these variables did not impact on the progression of the final evaluation of the study. We believe that the universal environment of the health system coupled with the interdisciplinary care model is supplanted as socioeconomic differences.

Chicha (2009) constate un « trou noir » dans la littérature en ce qui a trait au processus qui engendre une plus forte déqualification à l’endroit des immigrantes universitaires. Ce « trou noir » est considéré comme problématique. D’une part, le gouvernement québécois tente de mettre en place des politiques d’immigration qui recrutent des immigrants ayant un capital humain élevé dans l’espoir qu’ils s’insèrent facilement sur marché de l’emploi. D’autre part, la présence plus marquée de déqualification de ce bassin de main d’œuvre démontre un écart entre la volonté politique et la situation réelle en emploi de ces immigrants. Il semble donc exister un problème de discrimination systémique lorsqu’il est question de déqualification des travailleuses immigrantes. Par souci d’équité et dans l’espoir d’avoir une meilleure compréhension du processus menant à la déqualification des immigrantes les objectifs de cette thèse sont de 1- mieux saisir le concept de discrimination en emploi et 2- mettre en place des mesures mieux adaptées pour s’attaquer à cette discrimination. Pour expliquer ce « trou noir », nous considérons que l’approche systémique est pertinente à cause de sa une vision holistique. Nous avons rencontré 52 immigrantes universitaires qui ont partagé leur parcours professionnel pré et post-migratoire. Les thématiques abordées touchaient à de nombreux sujets telles que leur formation, leur expérience professionnelle, leur stratégie d’unité familiale immigrante, leurs démarches concernant tant le processus de reconnaissance de leurs diplômes étrangers que leur insertion sur le marché de l’emploi, le climat de travail, etc. Les résultats de cette recherche indiquent que la discrimination en emploi est toujours présente sur le marché de l’emploi au Québec. De plus, l’origine ethnique, tel que la couleur de la peau, affecte les attitudes, comportements et propos des acteurs du milieu du travail à l’endroit des xiii immigrantes universitaires. L’application des typologies de Van Laer et Janssens (2011) et de Bonilla-Silva (2006) contribue à l’identification des attitudes, des comportements et des propos pouvant être considérés comme étant du racisme subtil. L’un des avancements de cette thèse est l’amélioration du cadre d’analyse systémique afin de mieux comprendre les difficultés à l’emploi des immigrantes universitaires. Les différentes théories empruntées de la psychologie sociale telles que les théories de similarité attraction, de catégorisation sociale et de qualité d’échanges entre subordonné et supérieur (Roberson et Block, 2001) permettent de peaufiner ce cadre d’analyse systémique, puisqu’il permet de mieux saisir les relations, parfois complexes, qui peuvent s’établir entre les différents acteurs et résulter en de la discrimination flagrante ou subtile. / Chicha (2009) observes a ‘’black hole’’ in publications regarding the process that allows for a a higher rate of employment deskilling of immigrant women with university education; a ‘’black hole’’ that is considered to be a real problem. On one hand, the Quebec government is trying to implement immigration policies to increase the recruiting of immigrants with higher human capital, in the hope that they will readily find employment. On the other hand, a higher rate of employment diskilling in this group of workers shows that there is a dichotomy between their actual situation on the job market, and the government’s political objectives. Therefore, there appears to be systemic discrimination on the subject of employment diskilling targeting immigrant workers. In order to address this social justice issue and in the hope of getting a better understanding of the process that leads to employment diskilling of immigrant women, we hope this thesis will better define the concept of discrimination in employment and set the table for implementing more efficient policies that will effectively fight this particular type of discrimination. We consider that the holistic views that caracterize the systemic approach make it the best way to explain this ‘’black hole’’. We have met with 52 university-educated immigrant women; they have shared with us their professional work experience prior to and following their emigration to Canada. We addressed numerous issues such as their education; their professional experience; their planing for the migration of their family; the active steps they took both for the recognition of their foreign university degrees and for getting a job; their workplace experience, etc. The results of our research reveal that discrimination remains an issue in the job market in xv Quebec. Furthermore, issues relating to ethnic origin and skin color still permeate attitudes, behaviors and language, targeting immigrant women with university education in the job market. Van Laer & Janssens (2011) typologies were useful for identifying attitudes, behaviors and comments which could be considered subtle racism. We hope that one of the contributions of the present thesis will be the improvement of the systemic analysis framework , which will lead to a better understanding of university-educated immigrant women. Diverse theories pertaining to social psychology such as similarity attraction theory; social categorisation theory, LMX, (Roberson & Block, 2001) make it possible to refine this systemic analysis framework, and allow for a better understanding of the sometimes complex relations that can develop between individuals and result in open or subtle racism.

La tesi affronta, dal punto di vista giuridico, il tema della discriminazione religiosa. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce l'interpretazione internazionale e comunitaria dei principi di uguaglianza e di non discriminazione, declinati in modo diverso a seconda del momento storico e dell’ordinamento giuridico di riferimento. La ricerca si concentra, successivamente, sull'analisi delle direttive dell'Unione europea contro la discriminazione, adottate nell’anno 2000 (dir. 2000/43 sulla discriminazione razziale e dir. 2000/78 sulla discriminazione nell’ambito del lavoro), che costituiscono strumenti innovativi per gestire l'integrazione e la pacifica convivenza dei diversi gruppi etnici e religiosi che compongono la società europea odierna. Il terzo ed il quarto capitolo esaminano il recepimento delle direttive comunitarie in Italia, in Francia e nel Regno Unito. La comparazione dei diversi approcci al problema della discriminazione razziale/religiosa in sede di attuazione delle direttive evidenzia i differenti orientamenti circa la modalità di risposta da parte degli ordinamenti interni ai problemi della società pluri-religiosa e alle politiche di integrazione e tutela delle minoranze. Ciò nonostante, affiora con chiarezza la comune esigenza di conciliare il rispetto del principio di uguaglianza con le rivendicazioni identitarie e la promozione delle diversità confessionali. / The object of the research is religious discrimination, from a juridical point of view. The first chapter gives an overview of the different interpretations of the concept of equality and non-discrimination in international and European law. In the second chapter the research focuses on the EC directives n. 2000/43 and 2000/78 on racial discrimination and discrimination in the field of employment, which are relevant instruments for promoting integration and equality among the different ethnic and religious groups living in Europe. The other two chapters examine the implementation of the directives in Italy, France and United Kingdom. In these countries there are different approaches to combating discrimination and to dealing with religious diversity and religious needs. For all of them, however, the implementation of antidiscrimination law implies to tackle the problem of finding a balance between the principle of equality and the protection of religious diversity.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Dinca.pdf: 2677666 bytes, checksum: e1eb8a52664506d95cff3101ea5dd8f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at analyzing the historical trajectory of development of Pato Bragado and São José das Palmeiras.The administrative region of Toledo is located in the extreme west of Paraná, comprising twenty municipalities.Therefore, when the development is observed in particular local inequalities becomes evident.The cities selected for the study present unequal levels of development, despite belonging to the same region western Paraná and there are many factors that may be responsible for the difference in levels of development between them, so given the historical trajectory, colonization model , ethnicity and quantity of associative organizations. For its realization it was adopted the case study method and the research had descriptive character to show the course of development in the municipalities of sampling and exploratory character.The study had a qualitative and quantitative data collection through primary data and secondary data via research. In order to measure social capital, it was used the survey of number of associative organizations, of which Pato Bragado has a larger number than São José das Palmeiras.The research results reveal that the historical trajectory is crucial to the process of inequality in the studied districts. Pato Bragado was colonized by Maripá Company, which had greater concern with the human element and the structure of small farm land which encouraged the coming of migrant settlers from southern Brazil. And the company Bentheim, colonizing the city of São José das Palmeiras in which the advertisement was grounded on fertility of land and gave priority to the coming of migrants from other parts of the country, mostlyfrom the northern region of Brazil In short, Pato Bragado has a larger local development in relation to this parameter in São José das Palmeiras. Development requires growth in levels of social organization, which has been called social capital, the greater the ability of people to associate around common goals, the greater the social capital indicators and consequently greater will be local development. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória histórica de desenvolvimento de Pato Bragado e São José das Palmeiras. A região administrativa de Toledo está localizada no extremo oeste do Paraná, composta por vinte municípios. Portanto, quando o desenvolvimento é observado em particular, as desigualdades locais torna-se evidentes. Os municípios selecionados para a pesquisa apresentam níveis de desenvolvimento desiguais, apesar que pertencem a mesma região oeste paranaense e muitos são os fatores que podem ser os responsáveis pela diferença de nível de desenvolvimento entre eles, sendo assim, pela dada trajetória histórica, modelo de colonização, origem étnica e a quantidade de organizações associativas. Para sua realização adotou-se o método estudo de caso, e a pesquisa teve caráter descritiva para demonstrar a trajetória de desenvolvimento nos municípios da amostragem e de um caráter exploratório. O estudo teve uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa e houve a coleta de dados, por meio de dados primários via pesquisa e dados secundários. Para mensurar o capital social, utilizou-se o levantamento de número de organizações associativas, onde que o município de Pato Bragado tem quantidade superior de associações do que São José das Palmeiras. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que a trajetória histórica é decisiva para o processo de desigualdade dos municípios estudados. Pato Bragado foi colonizado pela empresa Maripá, a qual tinha preocupação maior com o elemento humano e a estrutura fundiária de pequena propriedade rural que incentivava a vinda de colonos migrantes oriundos da região sul do Brasil, conhecidos como sulista. E já a empresa Bentheim, colonizadora do município de São José das Palmeiras onde a propaganda estava firmada na fertilidade das terras e priorizava a vinda de migrantes de outras partes do país, em grande maioria da região norte do Brasil, vistos como nortista. Em suma, o município de Pato Bragado tem um maior desenvolvimento local em relação a este parâmetro do município de São José das Palmeiras. O desenvolvimento requer crescimento nos níveis de organização social, o que tem sido denominado de capital social, quanto maior a capacidade das pessoas se associarem em torno de objetivos comuns, maiores serão os indicadores de capital social e consequentemente maior será o desenvolvimento local.