Com 8 décadas de existência, a Universidade de São Paulo tem se firmado como o grande modelo de universidade para o país. Seja pelos dados que apresenta, seja pela afirmação de sua história, tem marcado seu espaço na sociedade brasileira como referencial na formação científica, na produção cultural e na produção de elites que não raramente assumem postos de comando no país. Apesar dessas conquistas, a USP apresenta um quadro anacrônico em relação à diversidade étnico-racial, sobretudo, no seu corpo docente, que tem sido formado com um perfil étnico-racial extremamente homogêneo. A pesquisa ora apresentada objetivou entender a existência e a configuração de um possível nexo entre o debate racial das primeiras décadas do século XX no Brasil, com o processo histórico da fundação da Universidade de São Paulo. Na presente análise, três figuras ocupam papel de destaque: o eugenista Renato Ferraz Kehl e dois dos personagens centrais na configuração do Projeto USP, nomeadamente, Júlio de Mesquita Filho e Fernando de Azevedo. A partir da análise do corpus documental, formado por correspondências e textos dos intelectuais citados, foi possível identificar que muitos dos personagens ligados à história da criação da USP participaram ativamente do debate sobre raça e eugenia apresentado nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A despeito do relativo silêncio do envolvimento do tema raça com a história da USP, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo trazer o tema à tona, por entender ser um dado relevante para a compreensão do papel da universidade e sua relação com a questão racial brasileira. Tendo estado presente na visão dos fundadores da instituição, bem como moldado o modo como estes compreendiam sua percepção da sociedade, a concepção racial vigente na elite pensante brasileira do início do século XX, manifestou-se na constituição da identidade (e identificação) entre a USP e São Paulo e está presente em seus símbolos. Tal dado fornece fortes evidências de que há, nesta instituição, uma cultura racial, isto é, uma tradição em lidar com a raça de modo implícito, por metáforas. Este fato também corrobora com a ideia de que a questão racial perpassa a USP da mesma forma como perpassa a sociedade brasileira como um todo. / The University of São Paulo (USP) with 8 decades of existence has made a model of University for yourself and for the roll country. This is shown in its numbers and the affirmation of its own historical contribution to the nation. In this process, the University marks an space inside the Brazilian society as a reference point in terms of scientific education, cultural production and in terms of elite formation, which, not rarely, it is the political elite of the country. Besides those achievements, the University of Sao Paulo has a quite anachronic context in term of ethical-racial diversity, especially within the university structure. We found out that the University its professors and researchers - is quite homogeneous in terms of ethnical racial matters. The main objective of this research was to understand the existence and how is configured the nexus between the racial debate of the early XX in Brasil and the historical founding process of the University of Sao Paulo. In this work, we discuss three major figures: Renato Ferraz Kehl, a eugenicist and other two majors figures of the Projeto USP, Júlio de Mesquita Filho and Fernando de Azevedo. From the analysis of the documental corpus, with is in part the mailing and the texts from those intellectuals, it was possible to identify that many of those that was part of the process of foundation of the USP was also part of the debate about race and eugenics from the early XX. There is a relative silence when the subject is the discussion of race inside and in the context of the foundation of USP; this research will bring up this discussion, understanding that this will be relevant to a comprehensive discussion of the roll of this University facing the racial debate in Brasil. Already present in the vision of the founders of the institution and shaping its social perception, the racial conception of the Brazilian elite from the early XX was heard and became part of the identity (and the identification) between USP and Sao Paulo and it is present in its symbols. With that in mind, we found strong evidence of a racial culture, which is a tradition to handle race in an implicit mode, working with metaphors. This fact also corroborate to the idea that the racial issue pervades the University as a corpus just like it pervades the society as a unity body.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-07T16:14:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Érica Isabel de Melo - 2016.pdf: 3162256 bytes, checksum: 67ddfc9abc50927f45424ed753cf8f35 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-08T17:54:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Érica Isabel de Melo - 2016.pdf: 3162256 bytes, checksum: 67ddfc9abc50927f45424ed753cf8f35 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T17:54:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Érica Isabel de Melo - 2016.pdf: 3162256 bytes, checksum: 67ddfc9abc50927f45424ed753cf8f35 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study analyzed the Mexican eugenics movement, with emphasis on actions and positions of Sociedad Mexicana de Eugenesia para el Mejoramiento de la Raza (SME), in the first half of the twentieth century, especially between the 1920s and 1940s, from a gender perspective. Was sought to examine the eugenics proposal of management of the sexuality and the reproduction of Mexican society and the centrality of women in this project. The assumption here was that the Mexican eugenics movement updated traditional representations associated to women from a medical discourse, in which the pair wife / mother has gained strength due to the family hereditary health and therefore the nation's health. Thus, it was intended to examine more closely the implications of this medical discourse and proposals for intervention of the eugenics movement in the realms of sexuality and reproduction, on the prescriptions and proscriptions eugenic that should guide the gender relations. Ultimately, it was intended to examine how identities and gender relations were being considered and which proposals were being built under the Mexican social reality of that period, taking into account that, in the global context, in which the State and the medicine have become increasingly interested in sexuality and the sexual differences. / Este trabalho analisou o movimento eugênico mexicano, com ênfase nas ações e posicionamentos da Sociedad Mexicana de Eugenesia para el Mejoramiento de la Raza (SME), na primeira metade do século XX, em especial, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940, sob a perspectiva de gênero. Buscou-se analisar a proposta eugênica de gerenciamento da sexualidade e da reprodução da sociedade mexicana e a centralidade da mulher nesse projeto. A hipótese aqui foi de que o movimento eugênico mexicano atualizou representações tradicionais relacionadas às mulheres a partir de um discurso médico, em que o par esposa/mãe ganhou força em função da saúde hereditária da família e, por consequência, da saúde da nação. Pretendeu-se, assim, analisar mais detidamente as implicações desse discurso médico e das propostas de intervenção do movimento eugênico nas esferas da sexualidade e da reprodução, nas prescrições e proscrições eugênicas que deveriam guiar as relações de gênero. Pretendeu-se, por fim, analisar de que forma as identidades e as relações de gênero estavam sendo pensadas e quais propostas estavam sendo construídas no âmbito da realidade social mexicana daquele período, levando-se em conta que, no contexto mundial, em que o Estado e a medicina passavam a se interessar cada vez mais pela sexualidade e pelas diferenças sexuais.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-21T11:49:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Karolliny_Gomes2017.pdf: 1885763 bytes, checksum: 41351838678061bf02da10874344eac5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T11:49:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Karolliny_Gomes2017.pdf: 1885763 bytes, checksum: 41351838678061bf02da10874344eac5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-18 / Issues related to human diversity have been subject of much discussion and dialogue in recent times. Gender, culture, ethnicity, religious diversity are some of the themes focused and debated both in the social and educational environment. And one way to make this thematic more contextual in the school, is include Science History, since it allows to approach the student scientific knowledge understanding besides being a facilitating and interesting way of learning. Thus, the present work presents a discussion that culminated in didactic support material on human diversity issues, madness and normality, bringing the historical Hospital Colônia de Barbacena - Minas Gerais case, articulated with Science History contributions through the eugenics movement. This study objetive was analyze Hospital Colônia de Barbacena historical period through a bibliographical review to understand the biological and ideological discourses that underpinned actions that occurred in this institution and, thus, construct and validate among peers a didactic proposal on science dealing nature with Hospital Colônia de Barbacena case, discussions about human diversity and role of scientific discourse in society. The research methodology employed was carried out in two moments: one is dedicated to analyze documents from public sources about Hospital Colônia de Barbacena - MG and related to eugenics movement and the other is focus on pairs validation and analysis of didactic support material constructed. In addition, data was interpreted according to Bardin perspective (2006). The validation, sought to investigate the limits and possibilities that didactic material can contribute to address human diversity theme in the school. The support material validation was carried out for six participants from to the initial formation, public network education professors, masters and doctorate. The results included analysis of the pairs and authors reflection about material application. The pairs showed that didactic material is an excellent tool to discuss issues related to diversity, contributing and enriching the learning about scientific knowledge, enabling student to learn in a critical and reflective way. Still, it made possible an experience and reflection exchange place approach the daily science being a thematic relevant for the education. As limits, development time lack question was evidenced; the little approach on the legislation for diversity and the eugenic movement. As an authors reflection in addition to the issues cited by the peers, it was evidenced material dynamics lack. Thus, a restructured sequence is suggested at the end of results analysis, which took into account the validation notes and the authors' reflections. Finally, we believe Science History discussions combination about and human diversity theme allows a greater understanding and learning about scientific knowledge and human society, since it allows to create greater relations and understand different faces of science and diversity respect in general. / As questões ligadas à diversidade humana têm sido alvo de muitas discussões e diálogos nos últimos tempos. Gênero sexual, cultura, etnia, diversidade religiosa são alguns dos temas enfocados e debatidos tanto no ambiente social como no âmbito educacional. E uma forma de tornar esta temática mais contextual dentro da escola, é incluir a História da Ciência (HC), já que a mesma possibilita aproximar a compreensão do conhecimento científico do aluno, além de ser uma forma facilitadora e interessante de aprendizado. Desse modo, o presente trabalho apresenta uma discussão, que culminou em um material de apoio didático, sobre questões da diversidade humana, loucura e normalidade, trazendo o caso histórico do Hospital Colônia de Barbacena-MG, articuladas com as contribuições da HC por meio do movimento eugênico. Assim, objetivamos com este trabalho: analisar o período histórico do Hospital Colônia de Barbacena, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, para compreender os discursos biológicos e ideológicos que fundamentaram as ações que ocorreram nessa instituição e assim, construir e validar entre os pares uma proposta didática relativa à natureza da ciência que trate do caso do Hospital Colônia de Barbacena, das discussões a respeito da diversidade humana e do papel do discurso científico na sociedade. A metodologia de pesquisa empregada foi realizada em dois momentos: um se dedica a analisar documentos oriundos de fontes públicas sobre o Hospital Colônia de Barbacena-MG relativa ao movimento eugênico e outro está voltado à validação pelos pares e análise do material de apoio didático construído. Além disso, os dados foram interpretados segundo a perspectiva de Bardin (2006). A validação, buscou investigar os limites e possibilidades que o material de apoio didático pode contribuir para abordar a temática diversidade humana dentro da escola. A validação do material de apoio foi realizada para seis participantes que eram da formação inicial, professores da rede pública de ensino, mestrando e doutorando. Os resultados contemplaram a análise dos pares e uma reflexão da autora sobre a aplicação do material. Os pares evidenciaram que o material de apoio didático, é um excelente instrumento para discutir questões ligadas a diversidade, contribuindo e enriquecendo a aprendizagem sobre o conhecimento científico, possibilitando ao aluno aprender de maneira crítica e reflexiva. Ainda, possibilitou ser um local de troca de experiência e reflexão; aproximar a ciência do cotidiano, sendo uma temática relevante para a educação. Como limites, foi evidenciada a questão da falta de tempo de desenvolvimento; a pouca abordagem sobre a legislação para a diversidade e do movimento eugênico. Como reflexão da autora, além das questões citadas pelos pares, foi evidenciada a falta de dinâmica do material. Assim, sugere-se ao final da análise dos resultados, uma sequência reestruturada, a qual levou em consideração os apontamentos da validação e a reflexão da autora. Finalmente, acreditamos que as discussões sobre a HC e a temática diversidade humana, permitiu uma maior compreensão e aprendizagem sobre o conhecimento científico e a sociedade humana, já que propiciou criar maiores relações e compreender as diferentes faces da ciência e o respeito à diversidade de maneira geral.

Resumo: Ao longo da história, o tema da hereditariedade apresentou-se sob interpretações variadas. O desenvolvimento das ciências biológicas permitiu, por um lado, maior conhecimento sobre seus mecanismos; por outro, tornou imprescindível a reflexão sobre determinismos teóricos que parecem recair, principalmente, sobre o campo das ciências da Saúde. A história do movimento eugenista é um evento que permite importantes reflexões sobre o passado e o presente. O termo \"eugenia\" foi criado por Francis Galton em 1883 para nomear uma ciência que visava o melhoramento do patrimônio biológico da humanidade. Para tanto, deveria oferecer teorias e métodos rumo à perfectibilidade física e mental. Renato Kehl (1889-1974), médico e farmacêutico paulista, foi um dos principais expoentes da eugenia brasileira, tomando para si, com afinco, a tarefa de publicista e articulador das sociedades eugênicas que aqui se formaram nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Algumas noções de progresso versus decadência contidas em suas obras em prol do movimento médico-eugenista - publicadas majoritariamente entre 1917 e 1940 - são tratadas nesta dissertação. Fizeram parte da campanha eugenista brasileira os debates acerca da esterilização dos \"indesejados\", das restrições matrimoniais e imigratórias e do confinamento dos chamados \"denegerados\". Nesse contexto o movimento eugenista foi apresentado pelos seus defensores como solução contra a supostamente inevitável e alarmante decadência que acometia o país que se formava / Throughout history the subject of heredity showed up in varied interpretations. The development of life sciences has greater insight into its mechanisms; on the other hand, it becomes indispensable to reflect on theoretical determinisms that appear to fall mainly on the field of Health Sciences. The history of the eugenics is an event that allows important reflections on the past and present. The term \"eugenics\" was coined by Francis Galton in 1883 to name the science of the improvement of the biological heritage of humanity. It should offer theories and methods towards mental and physical perfectibility. Renato Kehl (1889-1974), brazilian physician and pharmacist, was one of the main exponents of Brazilian eugenics, publicist and articulator of eugenic societies formed in the early decades of the twentieth century. Some notions of progress versus decay contained in his works - mostly published between 1917 and 1940 -are treated in this dissertation. Part of the Brazilian eugenics campaign debates about the sterilization of \"unwanted\", about marriage and immigration restrictions and confinement of so-called degenerate. In this context the eugenics movement was presented by its enthusiasts as a solution against the supposedly inevitable and alarming decay that affected the nation

未岀生胎兒的生命尊嚴長期被在公領域被乎略。本研究以質性之焦點團體訪談法，分別在臺灣與新加坡進行24個焦點團體進行訪談。其中包括12個沒有信仰者的團體與12個有信仰者的團體，探索其對未岀生胎兒生命尊嚴的看法，以及臺灣與新加坡如何在聯合國、美國、新馬爾薩斯人口學家、優生學家與國際計畫家庭組織（International Planned Parenthood Federation，IPPF)所推動的家庭計畫，因追求經濟成長而選擇人口零成長的政策，導致未岀生胎兒的生命尊嚴更行惡化。 / The human dignity of the unborn child remains uncertain in public policy domain. The importance of rethinking public reasonableness becomes unavoidable in the stage of late capitalism and liberal democracy. Political power, knowledge, and participation are three key elements of policymaking. The human dignity of the unborn child is neglected in the process of policymaking of population politics. There are advocators, United Nations, United States, eugenicists, neo-Malthusians and International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) in the process of population policymaking at the international level during the past three decades. This research first attempts to focus on the inter relationship among these five advocators and to review how the unborn child becomes missing within the process of international population policymaking. Secondly, Taiwan and Singapore are two test cases to reveal the policy follower roles who adopt the similar dream of modern states. Thirdly, since the personal religious beliefs play a significant role not only in shaping attitudes, but also in economic development, political stability, sexual morality and gender equality. This research adopts qualitative approach the focus group interview to compare the attitude of human dignity of the unborn child between the faith-based people with non-faith people both in Taiwan and Singapore. In this research 24 focus groups will be organized across Taiwan and Singapore, each country contains 12 groups. Each country contains 6 faith-based focus groups and 6 non-faith focus groups. Attempt to find the difference and similarity of population policy between Taiwan and Singapore and to explore how the religious values and the concept of human dignity of the unborn child excluded in the process of demographic policymaking.

The present thesis investigates the commercial sex hygiene films produced between the years 1914 and 1919 in the United States, during the last years of the Progressive Era. Rejected and prohibited as soon as five years after their apparition, the sex hygiene films’ position within the industry, as well as the cinematic techniques they incorporated, will be analysed through the concept of the Low Other. The first part of the thesis aims to delineate the used concepts, as well as integrate the sex hygiene film into a wider cultural, social, and political framework. The second part explores the films’ aesthetic construction, then focuses on a textual analysis of the narrative and non-narrative methods implied by three particular sex hygiene films. Finally, the thesis concludes that the films used a series of cinematic methods to create a Low Other on-screen, yet these very methods ultimately played a part within their suppression as a Low Other body of culture.

In this thesis, I argue that the treatment/enhancement distinction that is central to the ethical debate concerning germline genome editing and CRISPR is too vague to be ethically and normatively guiding. The problem of vagueness is twofold, being both a semantic and epistemic issue. This vagueness creates borderline cases, cases that cannot be properly defined as either treatment or enhancement, I call this The Borderline Cases Argument. These borderline cases enable a slippery slope towards eugenic practices, radical enhancement and dangerous applications of CRISPR. The distinction therefore fails to be action guiding as it cannot distinguish treatment from enhancement as well as failing to correspond to what is genuinely morally problematic with germline genome editing and not, I call this The Argument of Missing the Point. In using the treatment/enhancement distinction we therefore risk losing control over how CRISPR is used and for what purposes.

Dans le présent travail, nous souhaitons montrer que pour affronter le problème suivant : comprendre l’inscription de la conscience dans la nature en échappant à l’idéalisme et au matérialisme, Ruyer ne s’est pas seulement engagé sur la voie d’une interprétation spéculative de données scientifiques principalement puisées dans l’embryologie et la physique quantique. Ruyer est avant tout un héritier de ce qu’il nomme lui-même «la grande voie naturelle de la philosophie», tradition qui consiste à penser le psychologique comme un échantillon à partir duquel peut être élaborée une ontologie de la nature. Comment, ayant commencé par défendre un panmécanisme dans les années 1930, Ruyer en est-il venu à s’inscrire dans cette« grande voie » et à réactualiser le panpychisme ? Dans ce travail, nous nous penchons aussi sur la manière dont Ruyer aborde la question du dualisme de la conscience et du corps, de l’être et de sa manifestation, de Dieu et de sa création. Enfin, nous parions que l’analyse de la structure de pensée que sous-tend sa fidélité à l’idéologie eugéniste permet de mettre en lumière un geste qui commande la majorité de ses décisions philosophiques, geste que lui-même ne théorise nulle part et que nous nommons l’«escamotage du symbolique». Chez Ruyer, la Nature est«humanisée» parce que l’homme est «naturalisé» et cette naturalisation s’entend sur un plan ontologique non moins que sur un plan politique. / In this work, I intend to demonstrate that, in order to face up to the issue of understanding the embeddedness of consciousness into nature escaping both idealism and materialism, Ruyer did not only commit himself to a speculative interpretation of scientific data (most of them originating from embryology and quantum physics). Indeed, Ruyer is first and foremost an heir of what he calls “the great natural way of philosophy,” namely a tradition which consists in thinking psychological elements as samples from which an ontology of nature is to be setup. How, starting during the thirties, with the claim of a general mechanism, did Ruyer come to bring himself to this “great way” and to launch once more panpsychism ? I also pay attention to the way Ruyer addresses the questions of mind-body dualism, being and his manifestation, God and his creation. In the end, I venture to say that the analysis of the speculative feature supported by his affiliation to eugenic ideology is a way to enlighten a turn of thinking from which most of his philosophical choices result. Ruyer never analysed this turn of thinking for itself and I chose to call it the “obliteration of symbolic.” Within Ruyer’sphilosophy, Nature is “humanised” because man is “naturalized” and this naturalization is both an ontological and political claim.

This is an analysis of the connection between the domestic science and eugenics. While it is made clear by historians such as Megan Elias and Kathy Cooke that there is ample connection between eugenics and euthenics, there has not been as comprehensive an analysis of the direct connections between domestic science and eugenics. Close examination of literature from the domestic science movement reveals the shared goals of domestic science and eugenics. The domestic science movement was also a necessary precursor to the euthenics movement, not simply a “re-envisioning” of home economics by Ellen Richards. When Richards died, her euthenic ideals would continue to be a part of domestic science in the early decades of the twentieth century. This analysis will contribute in part to the understanding of how, through rhetoric, nations can progress towards more unsightly policies of social engineering from seemingly benign beginnings. Eugenics may not have origins in domestic science, a field of homemaking, cookery, etiquette, and child-rearing, but eugenics certainly shares goals, purposes, and a vision with domestic science.

There are surprisingly detailed similarities between Germany and the USA on their way towards the Second World War. In this paper, I have compared the nations' expansionist philosophies, their encounter with racism, and the internal conflicts between authoritarian leadership and democracy. I began with an overview of Manifest Destiny and the German myth of the East. Next, I summed up the deep changes that the First World War caused for both societies and how they went into the Great Depression. I examined the rise of scientific racism as part of the international eugenics movement and the emergence of populist leaders during the economic crisis. It became clear that neither expansionism nor racism were genuine German ideologies. In fact, the American Manifest Destiny served as a role-model for German plans in the East. Even the racist concepts of the Third Reich were strongly influenced by American scientists. The main difference seems to be the experience with the First World War and the diversity of American protest during the crisis.