When children return home from residential treatment for behavioral challenges, continuity of care is clinically advised and empirically supported. If parents lack the skills to support this transition, a child’s treatment gains may be at risk. Parenting difficulties can initiate oppositional and avoidant behaviors in children, and if sustained, damage the parent-child relationship, leading to poor child outcomes. Offering parent training during a child’s residential treatment may increase parent self-efficacy and use of the training in support of a child’s transition home. A Northeastern US Residential Treatment Program (RTP) annually provides short-term residential treatment for children (ages 6-18), and therapeutic supports to the parents of these children during their milieu care. RTP’s new online parenting program was evaluated across three separate but related studies, exploring in Phase 1) perceived barriers to online program usability, Phase 2) how video dosage was associated with changes in parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress, and Phase 3) through the lens of family routines, what were the longer-term effects of the online program. Results from Phase 1 suggested that parents with lower technology familiarity may need ongoing support to successfully complete online training; adding digital prompts helped parents to autonomously navigate the online program. Phase 2 results indicated that parenting self-efficacy increased minimally while children were away, and decreased when children returned home; an inverse effect was found for parenting stress. Phase 3 revealed limited application of the online parent training in post-residential family routines; parent training was shared internationally within parenting social networks, though virtually no videos were watched once children had transitioned home. Similar parenting programs using the Fogg Behavior Model may consider nudging parents during natural surges in parent motivation to prolong recently initiated therapeutic benefits during post-residential home aftercare.

This essay describes a qualitative study of how a smartwatch used in everyday training can contribute to behavioral changes in everyday exercisers. Semi-structured interviews have formed the basis for the results of this study. The respondents' experiences and stories of self-tracking are varied and are what have created an understanding of different uses of the smartwatch during training. The users and smartwatches have contributed to various behavior change factors that then have been categorized based on a behavioral model to determine how the smartwatch communicates with the user about its collected data. Above all, the study showed that the smartwatch's training services are a way for the user to know how they can plan future training sessions by unpacking the past and how digital nudging influences the behavior. / Denna uppsats presenterar resultaten från en kvalitativ studie av hur en smartklocka som används inom vardagsträning kan bidra till beteendeförändringar som kan stötta användarnas mål att ha en mer aktiv livsstil. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med smartklocksanvändare har legat som grund för resultaten i denna studie. Respondenternas upplevelser och berättelser inom självspårning är varierande och är det som har skapat förståelse för olika användningsområden med smartklockan vid träning. Olika beteendeförändringsfaktorer som användarna och smartklockan bidragit med har kategoriserats utifrån en beteendemodell för att avgöra hur smartklockan kommunicerar med användaren om dess insamlade data. Studien visar bland annat att smartklockans träningstjänster är ett sätt för användaren att veta hur de kan planera framtida träningspass genom att packa upp det förflutna och vilka digitala puffningar som fungerar eller ej för att påverka beteendet.

A mastite é uma das principais doenças enfrentadas por produtores de leite do mundo todo. Um dos indicadores que está diretamente relacionado com a doença no rebanho é a contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Estudos recentes mostram que um dos fatores de risco associados à mastite é o homem. Isto é, fatores relacionados às práticas de manejo, gestão da propriedade e às características pessoais do produtor, como personalidade, atitude, crenças, intenções, habilidades, conhecimentos e outras são importantes, além do engajamento dos funcionários. Dessa forma, entender a influência do homem é fundamental para o controle e a prevenção da mastite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi i) verificar se as motivações e barreiras percebidas pelo produtor rural podem explicar a variação da (CCS) do tanque em fazendas de leite, ii) avaliar a mentalidade do produtor de leite com relação ao futuro do próprio negócio e, iii) se as necessidades dos funcionários de fazendas produtoras de leite estão sendo atendidas. Para isso, um estudo foi conduzido em 75 propriedades de leite da região sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com os produtores e funcionários, utilizando um questionário composto por perguntas abertas e com respostas na escala Likert. Todos os questionários foram aplicados pelo mesmo pesquisador. Para o estudo da mentalidade do produtor foi utilizado o Modelo Comportamental Fogg (MCF) e, para o estudo do engajamento dos funcionários, foi utilizada a Teoria de Motivação de Maslow. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os modelos de equações estruturais e análises descritivas. Pelos resultados encontrados é possível concluir que a variação da CCS do tanque é explicada pelas motivações e barreiras percebidas pelos produtores, ou ainda, que o Modelo Comportamental Fogg (MCF) pode ser usado para explicar a influência do homem sobre a mastite. Além disso, é possível concluir que os produtores de leite não possuem mentalidade positiva com relação ao futuro do negócio e estão desmotivados com a atividade leiteira. Com relação aos funcionários, estes não estão engajados e existe uma grande barreira de comunicação entre produtor e funcionário, pois o produtor de leite não sabe o que o seu funcionário valoriza. Por fim, este estudo permite concluir que, empresas de consultoria que trabalham com a melhoria da qualidade do leite, deveriam focar também no fator humano através do estudo da mentalidade do produtor e do engajamento dos funcionários. / Mastitis is a major disease faced by dairy farmers worldwide. One of the indicators directly related to the prevalence of the disease in the herd is the bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC). Recent studies showed that one of the risk factors associated with mastitis is the human factor. That is, factors related to management practices, farm management and personal characteristics of the farmer, such as personality, attitude, beliefs, intentions, skills, knowledge and others are important, besides to employee\'s engagement. Therefore, to understand the influence of humans is fundamental to control and prevent the disease. The main goal of this study was i) to determine whether the motivations and barriers perceived by farmers can explain the variation in the BTSCC, ii) to evaluate the farmer mindset about the business future and, iii) if the needs of dairy farms employees are being met. Thus, a study was conducted at 75 dairy farms in southern Brazil. Data collection was conducted through interviews with farmers end employees using a survey based on open questions and Likert scale answers. All surveys were given by the same researcher. Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) was used to study the farmer mindset and Maslow\'s Motivation Theory was used to study employee\'s engagement. In statistical analysis, structural equation models and descriptive analyzes were used. Through the results found is possible to conclude that variations in BTSCC can be explained by the motivations and barriers perceived by farmers and that the Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) used in this study can be used to explain the influence of human behaviors towards mastitis control. In addition, it is possible to conclude that dairy farmers in the study area have no positive mindset regarding the company\'s future and are unmotivated with the dairy business. Regarding the employees, they are unmotivated and there is a barrier of communication between the farmer and the employee, because the farmer does not know what her or his employees most valorize. Finally, this study showed that consulting companies focused on improving the milk quality should also pay attention to the human factor through the study of farmer mindset and employee\'s engagement.

A mastite é uma das principais doenças enfrentadas por produtores de leite do mundo todo. Um dos indicadores que está diretamente relacionado com a doença no rebanho é a contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Estudos recentes mostram que um dos fatores de risco associados à mastite é o homem. Isto é, fatores relacionados às práticas de manejo, gestão da propriedade e às características pessoais do produtor, como personalidade, atitude, crenças, intenções, habilidades, conhecimentos e outras são importantes, além do engajamento dos funcionários. Dessa forma, entender a influência do homem é fundamental para o controle e a prevenção da mastite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi i) verificar se as motivações e barreiras percebidas pelo produtor rural podem explicar a variação da (CCS) do tanque em fazendas de leite, ii) avaliar a mentalidade do produtor de leite com relação ao futuro do próprio negócio e, iii) se as necessidades dos funcionários de fazendas produtoras de leite estão sendo atendidas. Para isso, um estudo foi conduzido em 75 propriedades de leite da região sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com os produtores e funcionários, utilizando um questionário composto por perguntas abertas e com respostas na escala Likert. Todos os questionários foram aplicados pelo mesmo pesquisador. Para o estudo da mentalidade do produtor foi utilizado o Modelo Comportamental Fogg (MCF) e, para o estudo do engajamento dos funcionários, foi utilizada a Teoria de Motivação de Maslow. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os modelos de equações estruturais e análises descritivas. Pelos resultados encontrados é possível concluir que a variação da CCS do tanque é explicada pelas motivações e barreiras percebidas pelos produtores, ou ainda, que o Modelo Comportamental Fogg (MCF) pode ser usado para explicar a influência do homem sobre a mastite. Além disso, é possível concluir que os produtores de leite não possuem mentalidade positiva com relação ao futuro do negócio e estão desmotivados com a atividade leiteira. Com relação aos funcionários, estes não estão engajados e existe uma grande barreira de comunicação entre produtor e funcionário, pois o produtor de leite não sabe o que o seu funcionário valoriza. Por fim, este estudo permite concluir que, empresas de consultoria que trabalham com a melhoria da qualidade do leite, deveriam focar também no fator humano através do estudo da mentalidade do produtor e do engajamento dos funcionários. / Mastitis is a major disease faced by dairy farmers worldwide. One of the indicators directly related to the prevalence of the disease in the herd is the bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC). Recent studies showed that one of the risk factors associated with mastitis is the human factor. That is, factors related to management practices, farm management and personal characteristics of the farmer, such as personality, attitude, beliefs, intentions, skills, knowledge and others are important, besides to employee\'s engagement. Therefore, to understand the influence of humans is fundamental to control and prevent the disease. The main goal of this study was i) to determine whether the motivations and barriers perceived by farmers can explain the variation in the BTSCC, ii) to evaluate the farmer mindset about the business future and, iii) if the needs of dairy farms employees are being met. Thus, a study was conducted at 75 dairy farms in southern Brazil. Data collection was conducted through interviews with farmers end employees using a survey based on open questions and Likert scale answers. All surveys were given by the same researcher. Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) was used to study the farmer mindset and Maslow\'s Motivation Theory was used to study employee\'s engagement. In statistical analysis, structural equation models and descriptive analyzes were used. Through the results found is possible to conclude that variations in BTSCC can be explained by the motivations and barriers perceived by farmers and that the Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) used in this study can be used to explain the influence of human behaviors towards mastitis control. In addition, it is possible to conclude that dairy farmers in the study area have no positive mindset regarding the company\'s future and are unmotivated with the dairy business. Regarding the employees, they are unmotivated and there is a barrier of communication between the farmer and the employee, because the farmer does not know what her or his employees most valorize. Finally, this study showed that consulting companies focused on improving the milk quality should also pay attention to the human factor through the study of farmer mindset and employee\'s engagement.

Studien har för avsikt att undersöka äldres känslor inför användning av digitala nyhetsmedier samt hur en interaktionsdesigner kan arbeta proaktivt för delaktighet i samhällsdebatten, när fysisk nyhetsdistribution fasas ut och digital distribution är det som kvarstår. En utgångspunkt i studien är att äldre individer ofta besitter förmågan att använda digitala medier, men har låg motivation. För att utforska mer kring detta används Foggs beteendemodell (2009) och dess tre beståndsdelar för förändring av ett beteende - förmåga, motivation och triggers. Modellen är utformad för att ringa in mönster, attityder och beteenden i digitala miljöer. Datainsamling i studien sker genom strukturerade dagböcker, vilka genomförs som en kvalitativ metod under en längre tidsperiod. Dagböckerna bygger på uppgifter som ska genomföras i den digitala nyhetsaggregatorn Omni (2022). Respondenterna för dagböckerna är sex till antalet och är individer i 60-årsåldern som har en smartphone och tar del av nyheter regelbundet. Resultat från dagböckerna visar att alla tre beståndsdelar i Foggs beteendemodell (2009) är betydande, men att det främst är triggers som är avgörande för en beteendeförändring. Det framkommer även att tidigare erfarenheter, förväntningar samt pragmatiska och hedoniska aspekter har betydelse. Avslutningsvis presenterar studien förslag på hur en interaktionsdesigner kan arbeta för att involvera äldre individer i en digital nyhetsdistribution, för att i en förlängning minska klyftor mellan generationer samt bevara medborgarnas rättigheter att ta del av samhällsinformation. / This study aims to examine older people's feelings about using digital news media and how an interaction designer can work proactively for older people’s participation in the public debate, when physical news distribution is phased out and digital distribution is what remains. A starting point of the study is that older individuals often possess the ability to use digital media, but have low motivation. To explore more about this, the study uses Fogg's behavior model (2009), which contains three components of changing a behavior - ability, motivation and triggers. The model is designed to capture patterns, attitudes and behaviors in digital environments. Data collection in the study takes place through structured user diaries, which are implemented as a qualitative method through a longer period of time. The user diaries are based on tasks to be performed in the digital news aggregator Omni (2022). The number of respondents for the diary is six and they are individuals in their 60s who have a smartphone and receive news regularly. Results from the diaries show that all three components of Fogg's behavior model (2009) are significant, but it is primarily triggers that are crucial for a behavioral change. It also appears that previous experiences, expectations and pragmatic and hedonic aspects are of importance. Finally, the study presents suggestions on how an interaction designer can work to involve older individuals in digital news distribution, in order to reduce gaps between generations and protect citizens' rights to access civic information.

Master of Science / Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional & Community Planning / Huston Gibson / Communities are currently faced with the issue of integrating sustainable practices into citizen lifestyles, a problem that can be addressed through behavior changes strategies. Higher education institutions can provide a testing ground for different behavior change strategies, specifically the Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) and its application to the social structures that are important in community-based social marketing (CBSM). This research proposes to examine FBM among Kansas State University faculty and staff as a viable CBSM approach for sustainable behavior change. A targeted behavior and trigger for the targeted behavior were selected. The trigger was implemented among select university departments with both pre- and post-experiment surveys distributed to assess trigger effectiveness and limiting factors to ability and motivation. The research showed an increase to the targeted behavior due to trigger implementation and described ability and motivation limiting factors within those select departments. With further investigation into these limiting factors and a widespread trigger effectiveness study, FBM could serve as an effective model that addresses social behavior change within a CBSM framework. FBM’s potential success in a university setting bodes well for its success in communities and a community-based social marketing approach to create sustainable behavior change.

För att förstå vad som får en individ att förändra beteenden till mer miljövänliga har studien utgått ifrån Fogg behavior model som menar att faktorerna motivation, förmåga och triggers behövs för att ett beteende ska förändras. Studien har undersökt i hur stor grad individer som har motivation och förmåga, samt fått triggers, uppnått sina miljömässiga beteendeförändringsmål. Det har även undersökts hur stor skillnad triggern gör för att ett beteende ska uppnås. Jag höll fyra, för allmänheten öppna, föreläsningar om kemikalier i vardagen varpå deltagarna satte fem beteendeförändringsmål att uppnå. Hälften fick under två månaders tid kontinuerliga triggers varpå samtliga respondenter fyllde i en uppföljning där de rankade i vilken grad de upplevde att deras beteendemål var uppfyllt. Resultatet visar att gruppen med både motivation, förmåga och triggers i genomsnitt nådde sina mål med 82,6 % och att gruppen med motivation och förmåga, men utan triggers, uppnådde sina mål i genomsnitt med 59,9%. Fishers exakta test visar en signifikansnivå på p < 0,01 vilket innebär en hög signifikant. Detta tyder på att Fogg behavior model är tillförlitlig samt att faktorn trigger är viktig för att en beteendeförändring ska ske. / To understand what makes individuals change their behaviors towards more environmentally friendly, this study started with Fogg behavior model which says that the factors needed to change a behavior is motivation, ability and triggers. This study investigated in which scale individuals who has motivation, ability and triggers achieved their goals of changing behaviors to more environmentally friendly, and how much effect the trigger had. I had four lectures, all opened for the general public, about chemicals in the every day life and afterwords the participants chose five ”behavior-goals” they wanted to achieve. Half of the respondents got triggers every week and after two months everybody made a follow-up where they rated in which scale they experienced that their goals were achieved. The result shows that the group with both motivation, ability and triggers reached their goals in average with 82,6% and the group with motivation and ability but without triggers reached their goals in average with 59,9 %. Fisher ́s Exact Test shows a significance level of p < 0,01 which is the same as a highly significant. This indicates that Fogg behavior model might be reliable and that the trigger is important for a behavior to occur.

Smartmobilens användande har successivt ökat och blivit en central del i vår vardag. I och med detta har antalet olika applikationer ökat och numera finns det en mängd olika typer av applikationer som tillfredsställer användarens behov. I den här studien har vi därför försökt ta reda på om träningsapplikationer har förmågan att motivera användaren vid träning. Vi har observerat fem kvinnor och tre män, med varierande erfarenheter av träningsapplikationer, som har deltagit i en fyra veckor lång studie bestående av två faser. Under Fas 1 har respondenterna laddat ned två valfria träningsapplikationer som de testat och under Fas 2 har de använt en specifik applikation. Under användandet har varje respondent antecknat sina tankar och erfarenheter, som senare använts vid en kombinerad observation och intervju. Resultatet visar att träningsapplikationers förmåga att motivera varierar beroende på användare och att det finns ett intresse för att ta del av statistik och förbättringar. / The smart phone’s (mobile) usage has gradually increased and is now an important part of our daily life. Due to this, the amount of applications that can be downloaded keeps on growing. This includes features that will satisfy your every need. In this study, we have tried to find out if training applications have the ability to motivate the user during exercise. Our study contained five women and three men, with varying experiences of training applications. The participants completed a four-week study consisting of two phases. During Phase 1 they got to choose two different training applications they wanted to try while in Phase 2 the participants were given one specific application. While using the applications, every participant took notes of their thoughts and experiences. These notes were later used in a combined observation and interview session. The result showed that the applications ability to motivate varies by user and that there is an interest in taking part of the statistical analysis and improvements.

Being physically active plays an essential role in ensuring good health and well-being. Motivation is a key factor for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and together with the help of today’s modern technology, facilitating new innovative approaches has made it easier to motivate people towards regular physical activity. This study aims to examine how a training application can increase motivation and how behavioral change occurs when using a training application. Qualitative data collection methods such as interviews and observations have been used in this study. The results show that the training applications ability to motivate varies, and there is a vast interest in taking part of the statistical results and having control over personal developments. / Fysisk aktivitet är en viktig roll för att kunna säkerställa god hälsa och välmående. Motivation är en nyckel faktor för att upprätthålla en hälsosamlivsstil. Tillsammans med dagens moderna teknik har det utvecklats nya innovativa tillvägagångssätt för att motivera människan till regelbunden fysisk aktivitet. Denna studie undersöker hur en träningsapplikation kan bidra till ökad motivation och hur beteendeförändring förekommer vid användning av en träningsapplikation. Kvalitativa datainsamlingsmetoder såsom intervjuer och observationer har använts i denna studie. Resultatet visar att träningsapplikationens förmåga att motivera varierar beroende på användare. Det finns även ett stort intresse att kunna ta del av slutresultat och ha kontroll över den personliga utvecklingen.

Vid Institutionen för informatik och media vid Uppsala Universitet (IM) används ett digitalt kursvärderingsverktyg (IMKV) som en central metod att samla in feedback från kursdeltagare som underlag för kvalitetsarbete och för reflektion åt kursdeltagaren. Vid IM är svarsfrekvensen låg och således är underlaget för kvalitetsarbete lågt och IMKV riskerar visa på resultat som inte är reliabla eller representativa. Syftet med arbetet var att utveckla en it-artefakt som alternativ till IMKV med stöd från empirin om användarbeteende och persuasive design, följt av en utvärdering om huruvida denna prototyp skulle kunna förbättra användarupplevelsen och på så vis höja svarsfrekvensen. Problemet om låg svarsfrekvens med IMKV analyserades utifrån följande modeller om beteende: Foggs beteendemodell (FBM) som beskriver hur motivation och förmåga påverkar ett målbeteende, samt Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) och Hedonic-Motivation System Adoption Model (HMSAM) som beskriver hur användarbeteende styrs av användarupplevelse och den upplevda nyttan i användande. En klon av IMKV skapades (se bilaga 1) och en webbaserad prototyp (se bilaga 2) av ett nytt kursvärderingsverktyg togs fram ur designprinciper för persuasive designdär förbättringar i användarupplevelse och ökad upplevd nytta låg i fokus. Deltagare i studien delades slumpmässigt i två grupper där ena testade IMKV-klonen och andra prototypen och sedan utvärderade respektive version med det webbaserade verktyget AttrakDiff som kvantifierar användarupplevelsen. Datan analyserades med t-test. IMKV analyserades utifrån teori om persuasive design och beteende. Möjliga problem identifierades där persuasive design skulle kunna förbättra användarupplevelsen. Designprocessen började med brainstorm, sedan iterativ utveckling. I samtliga t-test påvisades en statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna, där de som testade prototypen hade en bättre användarupplevelse. Att utnyttja principer för persuasive designkan ge stor effekt på användarupplevelsen vid webbaserad kursvärdering och i längden eventuellt öka deltagandet. Resultaten i denna studie skulle kunna bidra vid framtida utveckling av kursvärderingsverktyg.