Problem statement: Nowadays, women have a greater place in literature, both as a writer but also the role of the book and that is why I have chosen to examine how educators reason about their use of literature in preschool to combat the stereotype of gender roles. Motivation: An earlier survey shows that women now have a greater place in the recently released children's literature and, therefore, it is interesting to see how educators see their work on countering gender patterns using picture books. It is also interesting to examine whether the female roles in the books are consistent with the research I've used. Approach: I chose to use qualitative interviews with teachers in two preschools and also examined the recently released children’s books they worked with. Results: The results of my survey shows that teachers thoughts about their work on combating gender pattern occurs on an individual plan and depend on how the teacher interprets the guidelines. My survey also shows that the gender roles in the newly released picture books are consistent with earlier research I’ve used. Conclusion: It is therefore important that educators are aware of how easily gender patterns are induced, it happens on a daily basis through words and expectations that educators have on children.

This study examines gender roles, with a basis in the fundamental values of the Swedish curriculum. I analyse dialogues in two commonly used textbooks, Magic! Classbook 5 by Hedencrona, Smed-Gerdin and Watcyn-Jones (2009) and Happy textbook year 6 by Sutcliffe, Thunman and Mälström Timling (2011) for English, 4-6. The dialogues are analysed with a quantitative and a qualitative method. In the qualitative analysis, I investigate gender awareness, using levels from negligence to a high level of gender awareness. The result of this study shows that the dialogues in the two textbooks do not entirely correspond with the fundamental values in the curriculum as some stereotypes appears.

The starting point for this study is to analyze and explore representations of gender in picturebooks depicting preschool. The Swedish preschool works after the curriculum, where workwith gender is included, and with values that should reflect the practice. This work should bemediated by those who are active in the preschool. Literature, and the interpretation thereof, plays an important role in the preschool which this study will raise the importance of. Literature affects its receiver and the preschool in today’s society in Sweden is a commonplace for children, therefore this study will focus on picture books that portray the everydaydepictions that take place in the preschool environment. Seven picture books released between 1976 and 2016 have been subjected to qualitative image and text analysis where the iconotexthas a large place in the analysis of the study. The gender analysis is done with focus on whichnorms that are represented in literature, with gender markers and gender system connected tostereotypical behaviour with boys and girls in mind. This is also set in the relation to thecurrent curriculum in the Swedish preschool. The investigation of these issues shows that thebehaviour of the characters in the picture books both affirm and reject the norms that areconnected to gender. This is shown in picture books from different eras. / Utgångspunkt för denna studie är att analysera och utforska hur bilderböcker skildrarförskoleverksamhet med ett genusperspektiv. Arbete med genus och värdegrund ingår iläroplanen och ska genomsyra förskolans verksamhet. Verksamma i förskolan ska förmedladetta i sitt arbete. I förskolan har litteratur en viktig roll och vad som i den kan tolkas lyfts idenna studie upp. Litteratur påverkar dess mottagare och då förskolan idag är en vanligtförekommande plats för barn idag i Sverige har också valet av material i studien kommit atthandla om vardagsskildringar som utspelar sig i förskolans miljö. Sju bilderböcker utgivnamellan 1976 – 2016 har analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ bild- och textanalys därikonotexten har fått stort utrymme i studiens analyser. Genusanalysen är gjord med fokus påvilka normer som representeras i litteratur, med könsmarkörer och genusframställningarkopplat till stereotypa beteenden hos pojkar och flickor i åtanke. Detta ställs också i relationtill de rådande styrdokumenten. Studiens analyser visar på beteenden hos karaktärer ibilderböckerna som både bekräftar och bryter normer kopplat till kön. Detta visar sig också ibilderböcker från olika tidsepoker.

<p>Our aim with this study is to investigate whether or not Utbildningsradions - which is a public broadcasting agency - educational programmes reproduce the existing gender patterns of the female and male genders. We have chosen to analyse two educational programmes, Home Farm Twins and Rena rama forntiden.</p><p>We use a social constructionist theory regarding the construction and reproduction of gender and the method we have chosen to use is a qualitative content analysis to study the educational programmes.</p><p>Our conclusion is that in the case of Home Farm Twins, it reproduces the current stereotypes that exist in society. Rena rama forntiden on the other hand does not, the program has got a clear gender perspective in regards to its content. Though it can be said that in some ways it does not reflect upon the gender patterns that exist in society today, to a satisfactionary extent.</p><p>Utbildningsradion does not achieve its policy concerning Home Farm Twins, but on the other hand it shows that in the case of Rena rama forntiden they do own up to the standards regarding cultural diversity and creative aim.</p>

Our aim with this study is to investigate whether or not Utbildningsradions - which is a public broadcasting agency - educational programmes reproduce the existing gender patterns of the female and male genders. We have chosen to analyse two educational programmes, Home Farm Twins and Rena rama forntiden. We use a social constructionist theory regarding the construction and reproduction of gender and the method we have chosen to use is a qualitative content analysis to study the educational programmes. Our conclusion is that in the case of Home Farm Twins, it reproduces the current stereotypes that exist in society. Rena rama forntiden on the other hand does not, the program has got a clear gender perspective in regards to its content. Though it can be said that in some ways it does not reflect upon the gender patterns that exist in society today, to a satisfactionary extent. Utbildningsradion does not achieve its policy concerning Home Farm Twins, but on the other hand it shows that in the case of Rena rama forntiden they do own up to the standards regarding cultural diversity and creative aim.

Denna studies syfte är att beskriva och förstå könsmönster i förskolebarns samtal omkring lek. Tidigare forskning har visat att den rådande normen i förskolan är den heterosexuella normen. Studier har visat att man inte vet hur många förskolor som arbetar med jämställdhet för att det inte finns någon skyldighet att rapportera det. Barn anpassar sig till pedagogers och vuxenvärldens normer på hur de förväntas vara. Utifrån empirin, som består av två gruppintervjuer med barn i 4-5årsåldern, så visar det att barnen applicerar de rådande könsstereotypa föreställningarna på leksaker och föremål i sin närmiljö. Enligt min studie så var barnen medvetna om könsmönster och delade upp lekformationer och leksaker i manligt och kvinnligt kodade positioner. Samtidigt som barnen tilldelade olika föremål från sin lekmiljö könskategorierna flickor och pojkar, visade de förståelse för att flickor och pojkar inte ska delas upp utan att alla utifrån en vedertagen norm ska leka tillsammans och med alla föremål på förskolan. Uppsatsen avslutas med tankar som har uppkommit under min studie och förslag till vidare forskning. / The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the view on gender patterns in preschool children's conversations about play. Previous research has shown that in preschools is the prevailing norm the heterosexual norm and that children adjust to educators and adult world standards on how they are expected to behave. There is currently no way of knowing how many Swedish preschools are working with gender equality because there is no obligation to report it. The empirical material in this study, consisting of two group interviews with children between the ages of 4 to 5, show that children apply the prevailing stereotypical gender notions on toys and objects in their local environment. According to this study, the children were aware of gender roles and were dividing game formations and toys into male and female coded positions. At the same time as the children assigned the gender categories "girls" and "boys" on various items from their play environment, they did however also show understanding for the idea that girls and boys should not be divided but instead play together and be able to use all preschool objects from an accepted norm. The essay concludes with some reflections that arose during my study and suggestions for further research.

The National Agency for Education (Skolverket) and The Swedish National Curriculum stated that equality between female and male students is important. The present study investigates students in the subject English in Swedish upper secondary school and municipal school for adult education from the perspective of gender dominance in English conversation with a teacher present, with the focus on turn-taking. Two separate observations were made in three classes in adult education and two classes in upper secondary school. The research questions of this investigation are; which gender dominates the on-going conversation in English with a teacher present, how the turns were allocated, given or taken, and if the gender patterns differ between a municipal school for adults and an upper secondary school. The potential impact of the teacher's sex on the patterns of domination is also taken into consideration. Female dominance as well as male dominance is revealed in the result of the investigated classes' gender patterns. The results also reveal that the teacher's sex could have an impact on the patterns of domination.

Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på hur pedagoger kan motverka traditionella könsmönster i leken inom förskolans verksamhet. För att fördjupa syftet ytterligare valde jag följande frågeställningar; Vad finns det för definition på traditionella könsmönster, enligt pedagogerna? Vad och hur gör pedagogerna för att motverka traditionella könsmönster? Hur upplever pedagogerna att det fungerar med att motverka de traditionella könsmönstren? För att nå upp till mitt syfte genomförde jag kvalitativa intervjuer med fem verksamma pedagoger för att bland annat få deras syn på hur man kan motverka traditionella könsmönster i leken.   Resultaten visade bland annat att det finns många sätt att arbeta med att motverka traditionella könsmönster och att pedagogers förhållningssätt spelar stor roll in på barngruppen. Jag fick även fram att det också handlar om att tillföra och inte ta ifrån barnen leksaker. Pojkar och flickor ska få ha samma möjlighet att leka med alla leksaker. Vidare resultat visade även på att det är viktigt att diskutera i arbetslaget om hur man vill gå till väga för att motverka de traditionella könsmönstren. Det för att inga barn ska kunna osynliggöras i barngruppen. / The aim of this study was to find out how educators counteract traditional gender patterns while children are engaged in playing activities in preschool. To make clear the aim of the study, I used the following questions: What is the definition of traditional gender patterns, according to the educators? What and how do the educators do to counteract traditional gender patterns when the children are playing? How do the educators experiencing that the work whit to counteract traditional gender patterns works? In order to answer my research questions I did qualitative interviews with five educators to get their views on how to counteract traditional gender patterns while children are engaged in playing activities.   The results show that there are many ways of working to counteract traditional gender patterns and that educators own approach plays a big role in the children's group. It also involves adding and not taking away toys from the children when they are playing. Boys and girls should have the same opportunity to play with toys for all groups. The results also show that it is important to discuss in the work teams on how to proceed in order to counteract traditional gender patterns, to make sure that no child should be invisible.

Previous research has shown that traditional gender patterns and gender roles are being reproduced by adults and society. Gender patterns is something that is discovered in for example children’s play pattern while gender roles are attributed to the way a girl or a boy is considered to behave. This study investigates four preschool teachers’ perceptions of their own gender equality work, how they understand the terms “gender patterns” and “gender roles” and how the new Swedish preschool curriculum effects their work against inequality between boys and girls. Qualitative interview has been used as a method and then the preschool teachers’ answers have been compared and categorized. Six categories appear in the results: “Traditional gender patterns and genes roles”, “The influence of society and the home”, “Gender transparency”, “Conversation and reflection”, “Awareness” and “The curriculum reinforces the work in preschool”. The preschool teachers seem to think that gender patterns and gender roles are linked to a traditional way of seeing gender and that society and the homes are the sources to the reproduction of these traditional ways of categorizing boys and girls. To counteract traditional gender patterns and gender roles the preschools teachers believes in a gender transparency approach, conversation and reflection and awareness in choices such ass materials, environment and in how adults value boys and girls. The preschool teachers believe that de new Swedish curriculum supports their already ingoing gender equality work. / <p><strong>Fastställt via akademichefsbeslut HIG-STYR 2019/7 den 2019-01-07</strong></p><p><strong> </strong>Daniel Petterson, fil dr, univ. lekt Pedagogik och Erika Björklund, fil dr, univ. lekt Pedagogik går in som examinatorer på PEG700 under veckorna 1 till och med 3, 2019 då Peter Gill, prof. Pedagogik, gått i pension från och med 2019-01-01.</p>

Gender in early childhood education is currently a discussed topic in the news and the subject also draws a lot of attention in the media in general. Different approaches to gender in preschools have brought both criticism and praise among custodians preschool teachers and within the community. Several kindergartens in Sweden have an explicit focus on gender work and some of them are also LBTQ-certified. The aim of this study is to investigate teachers’ attitudes to current gender work in preschools and to empirically examine how different perspectives on gender work in Sweden and Finland interact in preschools. The aim is also to discover alternative ways to work with gender and equality within a preschool framework. The study is based on semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. I have compared the Swedish preschool curriculum with the Finnish equivalent to get the views of the political governing documents that differ regarding gender and gender equality work in these two countries. (”Varhaiskasvatuksen suunnitelman perusteet” translated as "The fundamental features/basics of the plan for early childhood education", Finlands national curriculum). The theoretical framework used in the study is a gender perspective approach. The study points out that preschool teachers’ tensions differ to some degree, depending on the preschool and depending on preschool teachers' education, own values ​​and enthusiasm for the subject. The study lifts the reflection about it as important. The study shows that preschool teachers in Sweden are aware of work with gender, but interprets the way to implement these goals through the curriculum objectives in a multifaceted way. Both the Finnish national curriculum and the Helsinki City applied version of the national curriculum ("Foundations of early childhood education") lift up many important learning objectives, but do not specifically raise transgender work or work against traditional gender patterns. The qualitative interviews conducted in Finland present highlights that a discussion debate about gender work is ongoing in the country where their curriculum is to be renewed by the year 2017.   The majority of the preschool teachers in both my interviews and questionnaires, in Sweden and Finland, pointed out that gender work has changed through the past decade. The majority of the preschool teachers also pointed seeing the individual, rather than the gender, as the most important in their work. A special feature of my study gives indication that a general discourse shift from compensatory pedagogic to norm critical pedagogy has taken place. Technique in activities was raised as a non-gender-coded material for children and digital tools in preschool as an entrance for more men in the teacher profession. What also has been found in my study is that gender is defined mainly depending on the context and that perverted approaches take time to change. My conclusion is that preschool teachers’ intention in my study, is not to limit children based on their gender. Their main intention and challenge is to continue offer children a multi-faceted activity based on children's interests and according to curriculum.