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The purpose of this study is, based on theories of gender and hegemonic masculinity, to studyhow masculinity and femininity is constructed and reproduced in one of the most popularSwedish podcast: Filip & Fredriks podcast. The main theory in this study is that gender issocially created and sustained by humans through language and interaction with others.The study's research questions is: How are gender roles/gender portrayed in Filip & Fredrik'spodcast? What characteristics are attributed to men and women in Filip & Fredrik's podcast?How does Filip & Fredrik's podcast represents conditions and power relations between menand women?Through an linguistic textual analysis, which is an application of discourse analysis, I seek toget beneath the surface meanings of texts and examine more implicit social meanings andideologies regarding gender. It includes an analysis of metaphors, word choices and syntax.The analysis shows underlying values and ideologies that indicates gender structures in abroader societal context. Choice of words and metaphores in Filip & Fredriks's podcastexpresses symbolism where men and male-typical attributes are highly valued, whilst womanand female-typical attributes is being devalued and representative of the opposite.Masculinities and femininities are also constructed and represented in various ways throughsentence constructions that guides the listeners in certain directions. Men are e.g. more oftenthan women in active roles when Filip and Fredrik describe different processes.Consciously or unconsciously, the presenters language establish and maintain a genderorder, gender roles and gender discourse. Dominant gender ideologies are reinforced in theeveryday conversations in Filip & Fredrik's podcast through linguistic structures and genderideologies inherent in the communication.

Female warriors from the Viking Age is a subject that has been debated and interpreted in many different ways. The modern view on the binary gender roles is one of the reasons why it has been hard for archaeologists to interpret the female warrior graves. The graves are often interpreted in other ways then that the weapons in the graves would belong to the female individuals. Archaeologists rather explain the graves existence because of other reasons than that the female individuals would have been warriors. The issue of the study is whether the female warrior graves from the Viking Age differ from a female gender role, or if the warrior role possibly could be a part of a female gender? Also, why are there so few female warrior graves? The study will be based around three graves, Bj 581 from Birka in Sweden, Mound 50 from Heath Wood in England and T20248 from Nord-Trøndelag in Norway. The analysis and discussion are based on a gender perspective, new ideas will be added to the discussion based on age, gender roles, gender expression and social status. The results may indicate that female gender rolls might be changeable depending on the female individual’s social status, age and life stage.

<p>I uppsatsen analyseras de två karaktärerna Harry Haller och Hermine, från Hermann Hesses Der Steppenwolf, med hjälp av Judith Butlers queerteori. Karaktärernas förhållande till varandra, köns- och genusroller samt heteronormativiteten undersöks och sätts i samband med bokens maskerad- och teatermotiv. Förutom att maskerad- och teatermotivet undersöks i relation till karaktärerna, analyseras det också i sig självt med utgångspunkt i Judith Butlers teorier om det konstruerade könet och dragshowens subversiva funktion.</p>

I uppsatsen analyseras de två karaktärerna Harry Haller och Hermine, från Hermann Hesses Der Steppenwolf, med hjälp av Judith Butlers queerteori. Karaktärernas förhållande till varandra, köns- och genusroller samt heteronormativiteten undersöks och sätts i samband med bokens maskerad- och teatermotiv. Förutom att maskerad- och teatermotivet undersöks i relation till karaktärerna, analyseras det också i sig självt med utgångspunkt i Judith Butlers teorier om det konstruerade könet och dragshowens subversiva funktion.

The main aim of this paper was to identify the form and function of questions used by the three female and three male characters in the sitcom Friends, in order to see whether there were any gender differences in the use of questions. Another aim was to see whether gender roles remain static over time in the series, from 1994 to 2004. Four episodes in total were used, two episodes from the first season and two from the last. The results clearly showed that the male characters asked more questions than the female characters which was the opposite of what research suggested. Out of the four main functions of questions (external questions, talk-questions, relational questions and expressive style questions), the male characters used the external and expressive style the most. This reflects what research says about men using questions more to show power and domination in conversations. Talk and relational questions were used more by the female characters, which agrees with previous research which shows that women use questions as a conversational tool more often than men. Over the ten-year period studied, there were no striking differences between the female and male characters when it came to the form of questions used. To sum up, the results turned out to agree to a great extent with previous research and the scripted dialogues seem to reflect authentic conversations surprisingly well. / Syftet med detta arbete var att identifiera olika typer och funktioner av frågor som används av de tre kvinnliga och de tre manliga karaktärerna i den amerikanska TV-serien Friends, för att se om det fanns genusskillnader i användandet av frågor. Det andra syftet var att se om könsrollerna är statiska över tid i serien, från 1994 till 2004. Fyra avsnitt totalt har använts, två avsnitt från den första säsongen och två från den sista. Resultatet från denna studie visade att de manliga karaktärerna ställde fler frågor än de kvinnliga karaktärerna vilket var motsatsen till vad tidigare forskning påvisat. Av de fyra huvudtyperna av frågor (externa frågor, talfrågor, relationella frågor och uttrycksfrågor), så använde sig de manliga karaktärerna mest av de externa frågorna och uttrycksfrågorna. Detta speglar vad forskning säger om att män använder frågor för att visa makt och dominans i konversationer. Talfrågorna och de relationella frågorna, som användes mest av de kvinnliga karaktärerna, speglar också tidigare forskning då kvinnor använder frågor som ett verktyg i konversation mer än män. Över decenniet fanns det inga slående skillnader mellan de manliga och kvinnliga karaktärerna när man tittar på vilken form av frågor som användes. Sammanfattningsvis visade sig resultaten överensstämma i hög grad med tidigare forskning och de nedskrivna dialogerna verkar spegla autentiska konversationer överraskande väl.

The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood has since the start of the Syrian uprising in March 2011 moved from a low-key position in exile to become one of the main actors in the political opposition. There appears to be a consensus among researchers today on the democratic commitment of the Syrian Brotherhood. However, ambiguity remains regarding its commitment towards gender equality, women’s rights and participation. This essay focuses on the gender discourse of the Syrian Brotherhood’s leadership, according to its policy-documents, from 2004 – 2013. By applying a critical discourse analysis, a movement from a more Islamist, exclusionary discourse in 2004 towards a more inclusive, feminist inspired discourse in 2013 becomes apparent. Nonetheless, traditional gender roles linger and more Islamist and pan-Arab, pan-Islamic discourses are not distant features. The movement of the gender discourse towards greater inclusion confirms claims made by democratic theorists on inclusion and moderation.

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