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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the construction of a historical event in late medieval chronicles, in a way that increases our understanding of the mechanisms behind historiography. The analysis is based on how the coronation of Pope Clement V in 1305 and the accident which then took place, in which a wall crashed and killed a number of people, is depicted in a selection of 14th century chronicles, mainly from France. This event has been largely overlooked by previous research on Clement V and the Avignon Papacy, which has tended to emphasise its meaning as a bad omen for the pope. Through a close reading of the chronicles inspired by a comparative methodological approach and the theoretical framework of Suzanne Fleischman this thesis proves that the French chronicles do not give much actual support for the interpretation of the accident as a bad omen and that the event occurs in multiple versions, which can be explained by the chroniclers’ different attitudes towards the alliance between Pope Clement and King Philip the Fair of France. The different versions are dependent on the texts’ contrasting aims and uses of narratives and facts, and is ultimately defined by the communicative situation between writer and reader.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:57:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 wilane_mestrado.pdf: 4461079 bytes, checksum: da62fa9aebf506f095f41942a579aecc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-16 / Building and maintaining a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Enterprise Information Systems usually requires much Software Engineering staff time and effort. This paper describes a model-driven approach to create dynamically and manage these GUIs. In this approach, the Software Engineer designs conceptual models of the information system using object-oriented meta-models. A set of predefined mapping rules is applied to automatically transform and refine the conceptual models in order to generate, in runtime, the look and feel of the GUI, without source code creation. This improves the software usability, assuring consistency and homogeneity of the GUI, increases the productivity of the software engineering staff and simplifies maintenance. In our experiments we have observed an average productivity fifteen times higher than traditional methods of GUI development. / Construir e manter uma Interface Gráfica com Usuário (GUI) para Sistemas de Informação (SI) demanda muito tempo e esforço da equipe de Engenharia de Software. Esta dissertação descreve uma abordagem dirigida por modelos para criar dinamicamente e gerenciar essas interfaces. Nessa abordagem, o Engenheiro de Software projeta um modelo conceitual do sistema de informação usando um meta-modelo orientado a objetos. Um conjunto de regras de mapeamento predefinidas é aplicado para refinar e transformar o modelo conceitual do SI, gerando, em tempo de execução, a sua interface gráfica, com aparência e comportamentos específicos. Esse mecanismo melhora a usabilidade do software, assegurando consistência e homogeneidade das GUIs, aumenta a produtividade da equipe de Engenharia de Software e simplifica a manutenção do SI. Nos experimentos realizados foi observada uma média de produtividade quinze vezes maior do que os métodos tradicionais no desenvolvimento de GUIs.

Cieľom tejto práce je vývoj nástroja na automatické generovanie testov pre aplikácie s grafickým užívateľským rozhraním v~prostredí GNOME. Na generovanie testov sú použité metadáta asistenčných technológií, konrétne AT-SPI. Navrhnutý generátor testov využíva dané metadáta na vytvorenie modelu testovanej aplikácie. Model mapuje sekvencie udalostí, ktoré generátor vykoná na testovanej aplikácii počas generovania testov. Súčasťou procesu generovania je zároveň detekcia závažných chýb v testovaných aplikáciách. Výstupom procesu generovania sú automatizované testy, ktoré sú vhodné na regresné testovanie. Funkčnosť implementovaného generátora testov bola úspešne overená testovaním 5 aplikácií s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom. Počas testovania aplikácií navrhnutým nástrojom sa preukázala schopnosť detekovať nové chyby.

Vehicles are becoming increasingly autonomous, as automotive industries are investing in innovative technology. Therefore the technology becomes more available and affordable, making it possible for Toyota Material Handling Europe (TMHE) to introduce automated features in their trucks. Vehicles that have a forward collision warning system, and thus are partly autonomous, are involved in less accidents than those without. In manufacturing industries there is currently a problem with truck collisions and an automated solution might be a suitable way to prevent these. When implementing an automation device, human machine interaction and user-friendliness are aspects to keep in mind during the development. The thesis concerns how autonomous features can assist the truck driver, and how to provide the driver with intuitive feedback. The purpose was to ensure the drivers’ and surrounding personnel’s safety as well as increase the productivity. Research was performed regarding in what situation an assisting device is needed and how to communicate information in an intuitive manner to help the driver in this situation. A conceptual interface was developed that allows communication between the driver and a future all-knowing system, that tracks all objects and personnel in a warehouse. The drivers have had a central role in the process. The observations were performed in the TMHE warehouse to identify situations. The most perilous and frequent situation was when drivers need to focus both in the fork and drive wheel directions simultaneously. This either puts the surroundings or the driver in danger. A conceptual interface was developed to help the driver in this situation. This resulted in a concept implementable in both current and future trucks, to harmonise the solution and ensure a safe warehouse environment. A lo-fi prototype was constructed and evaluated iteratively with drivers to ensure the quality and usability of the concept. The resulting feedback solution consists of sounds from speakers mounted in the headrest and a display interface with warning symbols. The sounds are directional to notify the driver if the danger is to the left or right behind his back. If the danger is only semi-close, the driver receives a warning, but if it is very close, the truck is stopped autonomously. The symbols appear on the display simultaneously as the sounds are heard, to provide further feedback. Additionally, an Autonomous Positioning feature has been developed, that consists of symbols and buttons on the display interface, as well as an alert sound from the display to indicate the system’s activation and deactivation. Safety is enhanced since neither personnel nor trucks are in risk of collision when implementing the concept. As the concept helps the driver position the truck effortlessly towards the pallet the productivity is also improved.

This thesis presents work done during the last ten years on developing five multimodal spoken dialogue systems, and the empirical user studies that have been conducted with them. The dialogue systems have been multimodal, giving information both verbally with animated talking characters and graphically on maps and in text tables. To be able to study a wider rage of user behaviour each new system has been in a new domain and with a new set of interactional abilities. The five system presented in this thesis are: The Waxholm system where users could ask about the boat traffic in the Stockholm archipelago; the Gulan system where people could retrieve information from the Yellow pages of Stockholm; the August system which was a publicly available system where people could get information about the author Strindberg, KTH and Stockholm; the AdAptsystem that allowed users to browse apartments for sale in Stockholm and the Pixie system where users could help ananimated agent to fix things in a visionary apartment publicly available at the Telecom museum in Stockholm. Some of the dialogue systems have been used in controlled experiments in laboratory environments, while others have been placed inpublic environments where members of the general public have interacted with them. All spoken human-computer interactions have been transcribed and analyzed to increase our understanding of how people interact verbally with computers, and to obtain knowledge on how spoken dialogue systems canutilize the regularities found in these interactions. This thesis summarizes the experiences from building these five dialogue systems and presents some of the findings from the analyses of the collected dialogue corpora. / QC 20100611

El creixement de la robòtica (especialment en l'àrea dels sistemes intel·ligents) continua a grans passos, malgrat que encara no hi ha sistemes totalment autònoms per treballar en entorns complexos i desconeguts. Consideracions de cost, seguretat, temps de desenvolupament i altres, fan molt atractiva la teleoperació per a algunes tasques. És ben sabut que la interacció entre els operadors humans i els ordinadors encara és molt problemàtica (com es pot veure en les operacions de rescat del Titànic, Txernòbil i, més recentment, en la pèrdua d'un avió teleoperat a l'Afganistan). Aquests exemples fan ressaltar les dificultats inherents en la utilització de la informació i la teleoperació de robots. Una interfície persona-màquina (HMI) adequada podria resoldre aquest problemes, cosa que incrementaria la satisfacció de l'usuari i la utilització del sistema. Aquest projecte ofereix una contribució al desenvolupament i els criteris de disseny ergonòmic d'interfícies d'usuari per a sistemes teleoperats, especialment en el cas d'aplicacions amb robots submarins. Aquesta recerca es va desenvolupar com part del projecte GARBÍ, el robot submari teleoperat dissenyat per el Dr. Josep Amat i el seu equip, per ajudar als usuaris en les seves tasques marines. Una de les eines que ajuda a treballar millor un sistema teleoperat és la interfície persona-màquina (HMI) que serveix com canal de comunicació entre el sistema i l'usuari. Per iniciar el disseny de la interfície s'ha fet una recerca per determinar el marc teòric i l'estat de l'art en sistemes teleoperats, interfícies d'usuari i eines ergonomiques de disseny. S'han desenvolupat eines per mesurar qualitativament la qualitat de les interfícies persona-màquina (HMI) dels sistemes teleoperats presents en la literatura cientifica i determinar les millores que s'haurien d'introduir en les interficies en ordre de millorar la velocitat de transferencia d'informació.Les tasques de teleoperació han de mostrar una gran quantitat d'informació; aquesta situació es va resoldre en part mitjançant la realitat virtual, que es va fer servir com una eina per millorar les imatges de les càmeres. La realitat virtual, doncs, ajuda a resoldre alguns d'aquest problemes, com ara la representació espacial i la programació d'objectes. Aquest enfocament també permet una millora visual: la imatge real podria estar afectada per les condicions climàtiques (pluja, boirassa, etc.), per la part del dia (tarda, nit, etc.) i per l'entorn natural (la composició de l'aigua pot reduir la visibilitat submarina); la realitat virtual elimina tots aquests inconvenients i ofereix una imatge neta i filtrada. Un entorn virtual es va crear per introduir a l'usuari dintre de les tasques marines i totes les eines necessaries per la conducció del vehicle es van possar en la interfície. Per desenvolupar una interfície ergonómica i òptima s'ha d'involucrar als usuaris en el proces i aquestes activitats s'han de desenvolupar en forma especifica i organitzada. Durant aquesta recerca es van desenvolupar diverses interfícies persona-màquina, tenint en compte les necessitats i reaccions d'usuaris nous i experts. Dues interfícies es van desenvolupar per analitzar l'impacte de la visualització de la informació i la controlabilitat: una de les interfícies es va dissenyar amb finestres d'informació millorada per enfocar-la més a la visualització de dades i en l'altra es va simplificar el control i la manipulació del robot. El proces d'avaluació de les interfícies es va descriure, incloent una nova metodologia basat en els paràmetres d'utilització, la qual abasta diversos paràmetres i etapes de la interacció usuari-ordinador: la tasca, l'usuari i la interfície. Aquesta metodologia es va provar amb les interfícies desenvolupades i amb interfícies de jocs semblants. / The growth of robotics -specially in intelligent systems- continues at an ever-faster pace, even though we still lack of totally autonomous systems to work in complex, unknown environments. Cost, safety needs and development time, among other considerations, make teleoperation an appealing way to perform some tasks. As we know, however, interaction between human operators and computers remains problematic -as can be seen in rescue operations from the Titanic to Chernobyl and, more recently, the missing teleoperated airplane in Afghanistan. These examples underscore the difficulties inherent in information utilization and robot teleoperation. An adequate user interface would solve these problems, increasing both user satisfaction and system usage. The present project offers a contribution to the development and ergonomic design rules of user interfaces for teleoperated systems, specifically in the case of underwater robot applications.Teleoperated robots are currently employed in different fields, for example: mine exploration, spatial and underwater research, high-risk exploration areas and other applications where human intelligence is indispensable. Kress (from IEEE Robotics & Automation Society) <www.engr.utk.edu/maes/ff/rlk/ieee/> and others have pointed out that human machine interfaces (HMI) are critical to the success of teleoperation systems. A teleoperation task must display a great deal of information. Thus, virtual reality was added as a tool to enhance the plane camera images. Virtual reality helps solve some of those problems, e.g. spatial representation and object programming. This approach allows even for visual enhancement: the real image might be affected by weather conditions (rain, fog, etc.), time of the day (afternoon, night, etc.) and by natural environment (water composition can reduce underwater visibility). Virtual reality, allowing a clean, filtered image, would eliminate these and other inconveniences.As this research progressed, several human-machine interfaces (HMI) were developed, taking into account the needs and reactions of average as well as expert users. The interfaces were created with virtual reality tools and programmed in C language. Two interfaces were developed to analyze the impact of information visualization and controllability. One of them was designed with enhanced information windows to focus primarily on data visualization; while the other simplifies robot maneuverability and control. The fruit of this research allows for both a framework and guidelines for HMI design and a model for teleoperated human-machine interaction.In addition to the framework design, two interface evaluation methodologies were proposed. One, the Interface Index, is for rapid assessment. The other, the Usability Assessment, is for deep interface analysis, covering several parameters and stages in human-computer interaction. Several papers related to the development, design and evaluation of these interfaces have been published in international congresses related to this field.

The computerize information systems are widely used in the companies of Lithuania now. A lot of them are universal enough and fit to solve the various administrative problems in the companies. These systems excel in large complexity and high price. So develops the need to create more simple and cheap information systems. An aim of the project is to create system which are accomulating the information about received and given flows of the electricity energy instruments, are doing the namesake and guantity account of the accounting instruments, are formating analysis reports for the directed period. The client of the project is Rytų skirstomieji tinklai AB branch Alytus electricity network Elekctricity energy realization division. The need of the project to the client may be given an outline: · to boost the guality of work and account results; · to reduce expenditure of time to do account works; · to eliminate the information duplicate; · to ease analysis reports composing; · to escape mistakes; · to effective account work. The project is realized by MS Access data base with integrated Microsoft Visual Basic for Aplication. The posibilities of this base complete enough to accomplish those project. Also this packet helps to realize grafic users link (GUL). There are realized those functions to help users work in this project: buttons, the facilitation of the repetitive information installing, help. The project was created to satisfy the users all needs and to diminish the use... [to full text]

Les progrès réalisés en immunologie ont orienté les recherches vers des approches et des stratégies de plus en plus prometteuses et innovantes afin de mieux manipuler la réponse immunitaire. Le but de nos recherches est la prévention et le traitement des maladies liées aux dysfonctionnements du système immunitaire, telles que les maladies auto-immunes, inflammatoires et malignes. Bien que l'inflammation constitue un processus physiologique indispensable au maintien de l'homéostasie suite à une infection ou à une lésion, elle est également associée à des pathologies infectieuses, auto-immunes et tumorales. Les stratégies thérapeutiques les plus utilisées pour traiter l'inflammation sont basées sur la neutralisation des médiateurs inflammatoires par des anticorps, des antagonistes moléculaires, des immunoglobulines intraveineuses, des corticostéroïdes, des médicaments anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens. En plus des traitements mentionnés, des produits issus de la phytothérapie ont été largement utilisés afin d'atténuer l'inflammation et la douleur dans plusieurs maladies inflammatoires et dans le cancer. Depuis des décennies, les préparations de Viscum album, connu sous le nom de " gui européen ", sont largement utilisées dans le traitement du cancer comme thérapie auxiliaire. Bien que les mécanismes d'action soient partiellement connus, plusieurs hypothèses ont été proposées. En effet, les mécanismes anti-tumoraux du Viscum album impliquent des propriétés induisant une cytotoxicité, l'apoptose, l'inhibition de l'angiogenèse et plusieurs autres mécanismes immunomodulateurs. Ce travail décrit un nouveau mécanisme anti-inflammatoire de Viscum album, qui participe à l'effet thérapeutique de ces préparations. De plus, l'effet bénéfique anti-inflammatoire observé est associé à l'inhibition des voies pro- inflammatoires de COX2 et PGE2 dans les cellules épithéliales issues d'adénocarcinome du poumon. Ce travail a identifié un des mécanismes moléculaires de Viscum album associé à son effet anti-inflammatoire participant à ses bénéfices thérapeutiques. Ainsi, ces préparations pourraient être utilisées en combinaison avec d'autres traitements dans des maladies inflammatoires et dans le cancer.

This thesis explores the geographic complexity of English identity in the High Middle Ages by examining texts that reflect moments and spaces of cultural contact. While interaction with a cultural Other is often thought to reinforce national identity, I challenge this notion, positing instead that, in the texts analysed here, cultural meetings prompt the formation or consolidation of regional identities. These identities are often simultaneously local and cross-cultural, inclusive but based in community ties and a shared sense of place. Each of the four chapters examines a different kind of regional identity and its relation to Englishness through romances and historiographical texts in Anglo-Latin, Anglo-Norman, and Middle English. Discussion primarily focuses on the Gesta Herwardi, Gaimar's Estoire des Engleis, Fouke le Fitz Waryn, Gui de Warewic, Boeve de Haumtone, Le roman de toute chevalerie, and Richard Coer de Lyon. Each of these texts negotiates English identity in relation to a cultural Other, and balances various aspects of cultural identity and scales of geographic affiliation. While some focus exclusively on a particular locality, others create inclusive regional identities, draw together the foreign and the familiar, or depict England as a region on the edge of an interconnected world. These texts show that Englishness can carry different meanings, nuances, and identitary strategies that depend on context, location, or ideology. Together, they forge an image of England that is diverse and multinucleated. Its borders become spaces of meeting, connection, and cultural overlap, as well as division. These works establish a strong English identity while articulating England's necessary relationship with other places, spaces, and peoples, challenging not the borders of England, but the borders of Englishness.