Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-23T13:08:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Cecília Barreto Bruno Wilke.pdf: 4148458 bytes, checksum: 3ec9e7e5dfe2f09f794863a596f40311 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Cecília Barreto Bruno Wilke.pdf: 4148458 bytes, checksum: 3ec9e7e5dfe2f09f794863a596f40311 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research surveys the development of the fundamental concepts and guidelines of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Its creation dates back to a period of liberalism and expanding of international organizations, seeking for democratic peace, still under the effects of World War II. Its purposes are correlated to designs created after the Cold War, when security and development, which were based on anthropological concepts, begin to respond to the restructuring of the planetary governmentality. The Human Development Index (HDI), adopted by the UNDP since the 1990s, is an important tool in identifying and constructing the so-called vulnerabilities as threats both for local and global governments. The survey of the Conjunct Program “Segurança com Cidadania”, coordinated by the UNDP in a neighborhood of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, disclosure the operational model of the HDI, together with the so-called “segurança cidadã” specifically designed for Latin America, which was recently incorporated to the Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO). The Restorative Justice is considered a complementary planetary connection aiming to broaden the formal penal system, flexibilizing sentences and implementing social policies in schools and communities. The present study verified the UNDP's effectiveness in enforcing penal practices operated in the name of the alleged neutrality of human development throughout the manufacture of responsible and resilient conducts that underpins the management of collective misery / Esta pesquisa mapeia a produção dos principais conceitos e abordagens do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). Sua emergência remonta a um período de revisões liberais e expansão das organizações internacionais ancoradas na busca pela paz democrática, ainda sob os efeitos da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Seus empreendimentos evidenciam delineamentos mais acabados após a chamada Guerra Fria, quando a segurança e o desenvolvimento, calcados no humano, passam a responder aos redimensionamentos da governamentalidade planetária. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), adotado pelo PNUD a partir da década de 1990, mostra-se importante instrumento na identificação e construção das chamadas vulnerabilidades como virtuais ameaças aos governos do e no planeta. A análise do Programa Conjunto Segurança com Cidadania, coordenado pelo PNUD em um bairro na capital do Espírito Santo, expõe o funcionamento do IDH, aliado à abordagem da chamada segurança cidadã – específica à América Latina, recentemente incorporada aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). A Justiça Restaurativa situa-se como uma de suas conexões planetárias preferenciais ao complementar e ampliar o sistema penal formal e mostra sua flexibilidade punitiva ao implementar políticas sociais em escolas e comunidades. A pesquisa constatou a eficiência do PNUD em irradiar práticas penalizadoras operadas em nome da pretensa neutralidade do desenvolvimento humano, por meio da produção de condutas responsáveis e resilientes que sustentam a gestão compartilhada da miséria

<p>This thesis presents methods for air sampling and determination of isocyanates, amines, aminoisocyanates and anhydrides. These organic compounds are generated during thermal degradation of polymers such as polyurethane (PUR) or epoxy.</p><p>Isocyanates, amines and anhydrides are airway irritants known to cause occupational asthma. Some of the compounds are listed as human carcinogens. Many workers are exposed.</p><p>Isocyanates and anhydrides are reactive and needs to be immediately derivatized during sampling. Methods have been developed for determination of airborne isocyanates, aminoisocyanates and anhydrides using di-n-butylamine (DBA) as reagent to form stabile urea derivatives or amide derivatives. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enabled detection limits as low as 10 attomoles. A nitrogen-selective LC-detector enabled quantification of DBA-derivatives in reference solutions. </p><p>A novel sampler is presented. The sampler consists of a denuder in series with a three-stage cascade impactor and an end filter. The sampler made it possible to reveal the distribution of isocyanates between gas and different particle size fractions. During thermal degradation of PUR, isocyanates were associated to particle size fractions (<1 µm) that may penetrate to the lower airways. The distribution during 8 minutes changes noticeably. Aromatic isocyanates become associated to small particles (<1 µm). As a reference method, air-sampling was performed using an impinger filled with di-n-butylamine (DBA) in toluene, connected in series with a glass fiber filter. There was a good agreement between the denuder-impactor sampler and the reference method.</p>

This thesis presents methods for air sampling and determination of isocyanates, amines, aminoisocyanates and anhydrides. These organic compounds are generated during thermal degradation of polymers such as polyurethane (PUR) or epoxy. Isocyanates, amines and anhydrides are airway irritants known to cause occupational asthma. Some of the compounds are listed as human carcinogens. Many workers are exposed. Isocyanates and anhydrides are reactive and needs to be immediately derivatized during sampling. Methods have been developed for determination of airborne isocyanates, aminoisocyanates and anhydrides using di-n-butylamine (DBA) as reagent to form stabile urea derivatives or amide derivatives. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enabled detection limits as low as 10 attomoles. A nitrogen-selective LC-detector enabled quantification of DBA-derivatives in reference solutions. A novel sampler is presented. The sampler consists of a denuder in series with a three-stage cascade impactor and an end filter. The sampler made it possible to reveal the distribution of isocyanates between gas and different particle size fractions. During thermal degradation of PUR, isocyanates were associated to particle size fractions (&lt;1 µm) that may penetrate to the lower airways. The distribution during 8 minutes changes noticeably. Aromatic isocyanates become associated to small particles (&lt;1 µm). As a reference method, air-sampling was performed using an impinger filled with di-n-butylamine (DBA) in toluene, connected in series with a glass fiber filter. There was a good agreement between the denuder-impactor sampler and the reference method.

Introduction : La mortalité associée à l’insuffisance rénale aiguë (acute kidney injury ‘’AKI’’) aux soins intensifs pédiatriques (SIP) dépasse les 50%. Des études antérieures sur la thérapie de remplacement rénal (TRR) ont fait ressortir plusieurs facteurs de risque de mortalité dont le syndrome de défaillance multiviscérale (SDMV) et la surcharge liquidienne ≥ 10 à 20% avant l’initiation de la TRR. L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier les principaux facteurs de risque de mortalité à 28 jours après l’initiation de la TRR chez les patients atteints d’AKI aux SIP. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude de cohorte rétrospective aux SIP d’un centre tertiaire. Tous les enfants ayant reçus de la TRR continue ou de l’hémodialyse intermittente pour AKI, entre janvier 1998 et décembre 2014, ont été inclus. Les facteurs de risque de mortalité ont été préalablement identifiés par quatre intensivistes et deux néphrologues pédiatres et analysés à l’aide d’une régression logistique multivariée. Résultats : Quatre-vingt-dix patients ont été inclus. L’âge médian était de 9 [2-14] ans. La principale indication d’initiation de la TRR était la surcharge liquidienne (64,2%). La durée médiane d’hospitalisation aux SIP était de 18,5 [8,0-31,0] jours. Quarante patients (44,4%) sont décédés dans les 28 jours suivant l’initiation de la TRR et quarante-cinq (50,0%) avant la sortie des SIP. Le score de PELOD ≥ 20 (OR 4,66 ; 95%CI 1,68-12,92) et la surcharge liquidienne ≥ 15% (OR 9,31; 95%CI 2,16-40,11) à l’initiation de la TRR étaient associés de façon indépendante à la mortalité. Conclusion : Cette étude a permis de faire ressortir deux facteurs de risque de mortalité à 28 jours à l’initiation de la TRR : la surcharge liquidienne et la sévérité du SDMV mesurée par le score de PELOD. / Introduction: Mortality rate associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) exceeds 50%. Prior studies on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have highlighted different mortality risk factors including the presence of a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and fluid overload ≥ 10 to 20% before starting RRT. The aim of this study was to identify most important risk factors of 28-day mortality in patients with AKI at RRT initiation in PICU. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care pediatric center. All critically ill children who underwent acute continuous RRT or intermittent hemodialysis for AKI between January 1998 and December 2014 were included. A case report form was developed and specific risk factors were identified by a panel of four pediatric intensivists and two nephrologists. Risk factors analysis was made using logistic regression in SPSS and SAS software. Results: Ninety patients were included. The median age was 9 [2-14] years. The most common indication for RRT initiation was fluid overload (FO) (64.2%). The median PICU length of stay was 18.5 [8.0-31.0] days. Forty of the 90 patients (44.4%) died within 28 days after RRT initiation and forty-five (50.0%) died before PICU discharge. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a PELOD score ≥ 20 (OR 4.66; 95%CI 1.68-12.92) and percentage of FO ≥ 15% (OR 9.31; 95%CI 2.16-40.11) at RRT initiation were independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: This study suggests that fluid overload and severity of MODS measured by PELOD score are two risk factors of 28-day mortality in PICU patients on RRT.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto revisado em 13 6 12 grf ok.pdf: 1663257 bytes, checksum: 468b205f99b5250ccb86de7c1a58c9d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / This study approaches a new and unexplored subject, the Brazilian Family Aid Program. Bibliography practically does not exist and academic entities seldom discuss the subject because it is still under development. References are found in lectures, newspapers and magazine articles. This is an exploratory and analytical search, approaching evidence basis and sources. The Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) is a Brazilian Family Aid Program granted under conditionality rules. It can be considered a unique tool for income distribution, working towards an effective solution for families surviving under extreme poverty. The program started by the merger of three other poverty aid programs of dubious effectiveness Scholarship Aid, Cooking Gas Aid and Food Card. The PBF benefits families surviving under poverty conditions, with R$ 70 to R$ 140 monthly of per capita income and under extreme poverty conditions, below R$ 70 monthly of per capita income. Also, the PBF establishes conditional participation rules associated to education and health prevention for children. Presently the PBF supports 13 million families that fit rules and are enrolled in the Cadastro Único (Central Control Registration Roll). That registration roll practically covers the totality of the population under poverty situation line as defined by PNAD - 2006 (National Household Survey - 2006).The PBF control methodology allows income transfer to regions left under poverty conditions in past history. The PBF formed a new consumer community, new entrepreneurs, moreover, attracted investors. In regard to education there is reduction in illiteracy. The Human Development Index (HDI) shows vegetative growth, Brazil is the 84th country ranked among the 187 nations controlled by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2011. The dimensions that compose the index for Brazil had poor growth lately, in particular the expected years of schooling for children at school enrollment age (in Brazil, 6 years old) declined during the last decade (2000-2010). It is likely that there is a structural issue with the Brazilian education sector. There is a socio-economic growth in regions where poverty has been endemic, in particular Northeast Region. The findings also reveal migration reversal that in past were North/Northeast Regions to Southeast Region as well as fecundity rate reduction, which are remarkable advantages. Brazil entered into the demographic bonus , a situation when the economically active population exceeds the dependent population , this is also an advantage because attracts investments and is a push towards economic growth. Despite of positive improvements, they appear to be insufficient, the human development in Brazil is far from excellence, presently a HDI of 0,718, with a growth of 0,769% annually (2000-2010) it will take 35/36 years to meet the Australian HDI of 0,943%. Unless chances help us, dreams to join the winners are unlikely. The Programa Bolsa Família , however, proves to be a social front towards inequality; the participants of the plan, originally classified under poverty line were rescued. / Esta dissertação trata de um tema relativamente novo, com literatura escassa, praticamente sem estudos teóricos que o abordem. Referenciais são encontrados em publicações feitas em seminários e palestras bem como em artigos e notas jornalísticas. Esta dissertação se trata de trabalho exploratório, analítico descritivo com base documental. O Programa Bolsa Família, tema central deste trabalho, é uma ferramenta para distribuição de renda que funciona de forma simples e tem sido efetiva para o atendimento de famílias que vivem abaixo da linha de pobreza. Ele é resultado da fusão de vários outros programas dispersos e com efetividade questionável Bolsa Escola, Auxílio Gás e Cartão Alimentação. O Programa Bolsa Família beneficia famílias em situação de pobreza com renda mensal de R$ 70 a R$ 140 per capita e em extrema pobreza com renda mensal abaixo de R$ 70 reais per capita. Também estabelece condicionalidades de educação e saúde. Atualmente, há cerca de 13 milhões de famílias inscritas no Programa Bolsa Família que cumprem as condições do Cadastro Único esta é praticamente a totalidade das famílias pobres segundo critérios do PNAD 2006 (Pesquisa Nacional de Domicílios). Na realidade, houve substancial injeção de recursos em áreas outrora relegadas ao acaso, criando novos consumidores, bem como empreendedores, além de atrair investimentos. Quanto à educação, nota-se que há redução do analfabetismo. Há um crescimento vegetativo do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) no qual o Brasil situa-se em 84&#8304; lugar dentre as 187 nações controladas pelo PNUD (Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento) em 2011. As variáveis que compõem o índice crescem timidamente, destaca-se queda no item expectativa de escolaridade esperada das crianças em idade de ingresso na escola (no Brasil, aos seis anos), que caiu no período 2000-2011, esse fato pode indicar falha estrutural no ensino brasileiro. Esse estudo indica que há desenvolvimento socioeconômico em áreas carentes, particularmente na Região Nordeste. Observa-se também a reversão da migração que historicamente era de norte/nordeste a sudeste. Também nota-se redução da taxa de fecundidade das brasileiras, o que é vantajoso. O Brasil também está com a vantagem do Bônus demográfico , quando a população economicamente ativa supera a população dependente, o que é um excelente fator de crescimento por atrair investimentos. Apesar de melhorias observadas na década 2000-2010, elas ainda são insuficientes. Quanto ao desenvolvimento humano , o Brasil está muito distante das nações desenvolvidas, com IDH de 0,718, que cresceu na última década à taxa de 0,769% ao ano. Nesse ritmo, até alcançarmos o IDH norueguês -- primeiro colocado, ou o australiano -- segundo colocado, que é de 0,943 serão necessários 35/36 anos. Isso nos leva a pensar que, a não ser que o acaso nos ajude, o sonho de nos juntarmos aos primeiros é questionável. Com respeito ao Programa Bolsa Família, esse prova ser uma frente social para a eliminação da desigualdade, seus beneficiários eram classificados como pobres e extremamente pobres e foram resgatados.

Esta tese é composta por três estudos ecológicos que incluíram as 27 capitais brasileiras. Esses três estudos foram os seguintes: 1- A associação entre a disponibilidade de cirurgiões-dentistas e a quantidade de procedimentos odontológicos nos serviços públicos de odontologia; 2- A associação entre a disponibilidade de cirurgiões-dentistas e a proporção de dentes restaurados (em relação ao total de dentes atacados pela cárie) em indivíduos de 15 a 19 anos ; 3- A associação da disponibilidade de cirurgiões-dentistas com a prevalência e severidade da cárie em indivíduos de 15 a 19 anos. As três investigações são apresentadas sob forma de artigos. Foram utilizados diversos bancos de dados secundários, disponíveis gratuitamente na internet. No primeiro estudo foi identificada associação do número de Equipes de Saúde Bucal do programa Saúde da Família (ESB) e de cirurgiões-dentistas no SUS de uma forma geral com o número de procedimentos odontológicos no serviço público; quanto mais ESB e cirurgiões-dentistas mais procedimentos odontológicos, tanto preventivos quanto restauradores. Mais dentistas no serviço público de odontologia significaram mais procedimentos preventivos e coletivos, porém um número relativamente pequeno a mais de restaurações. É preocupante a quantidade relativamente pequena de restaurações realizadas pelos dentistas do serviço público no Brasil diante do grande número de dentes com cárie não tratada, identificado pela pesquisa nacional de saúde bucal. O segundo estudo revelou que a quantidade de dentistas nas capitais brasileiras é muito grande e que, portanto, há capacidade instalada para atender todas as necessidades de tratamentos restauradores. Entretanto, o índice de cuidado odontológico em jovens de 15 a 19 anos revelou que menos da metade dos dentes atacados pela cárie tinham recebido o cuidado adequado, i.e., estavam restaurados. Este estudo concluiu que, o grande investimento da sociedade brasileira em odontologia, seja no setor público ou privado, não está tendo o retorno esperado, pelo menos para jovens de 15 a 19 anos. O terceiro estudo concluiu que fatores socioeconômicos amplos e flúor na água foram os principais determinantes da variação na prevalência e severidade da cárie em jovens de 15 a 19 anos e que a contribuição do dentista foi relativamente pequena. Diante do papel relativamente pequeno do dentista na prevenção da cárie, o esforço clínico do mesmo deveria, portanto, enfatizar tratamentos de maior complexidade, visando a restauração e reabilitação de danos relevantes para a função e bem estar (Serviço Pessoal de Saúde). Esforços efetivos para evitar a cárie dentária ocorrem principalmente no âmbito de estratégias preventivas populacionais (Serviço não Pessoal de Saúde), com uma contribuição relativamente pequena do trabalho clínico. / This thesis comprises three ecological studies including the 27 state capitals. These three studies were as follows: 1- The association between the availability of dentists and the amount of dental procedures in public dental services; 2- The association between the availability of dentists and the proportion of filled teeth (in relation to total teeth attacked by caries) in subjects 15-19 years; 3- The combination of the availability of dentists with the prevalence and severity of dental caries in individuals 15-19 years. The three investigations are presented in the form of articles. Many banks side, available freely on the internet data were used. In the first study association was found in the number of oral health teams of the Family Health Program (ESB) and dentists in the NHS in general with the number of dental procedures in the public service; ESB as more and more dentists dental procedures, both preventive as restorers. "Most dentists" in public dental services meant more collective and preventive procedures, but a relatively small number of the most restorations. Worryingly the relatively small amount of restorations performed by dentists of the public service in Brazil on the number of teeth with untreated caries, identified by a national survey of oral health. The second study revealed that the number of dentists in the Brazilian capital is very large and, therefore, there is capacity to meet all the needs of restorative treatments. However, the rate of dental care for young people aged 15 to 19 years revealed that less than half of the teeth attacked by caries had received proper care, for example, were restored. This study concluded that the large investment in Brazilian society in dentistry, whether in the public or private sector, is not having the expected return, at least for young people 15-19 years. The third study found that larger socioeconomic factors and fluoride in the water was the major determinant of variation in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in young people 15-19 years and that the contribution of the dentist was relatively small. Given the relatively small role of dental caries prevention, clinical effort it should therefore emphasize more complex treatments, aimed at the restoration and rehabilitation of significant damage to the function and well-being ("Personal Health Service"). Effective efforts to prevent tooth decay occur primarily in population-based prevention strategies ("no Personal Health Service"), with a relatively small contribution of clinical work.

Esta tese é composta por três estudos ecológicos que incluíram as 27 capitais brasileiras. Esses três estudos foram os seguintes: 1- A associação entre a disponibilidade de cirurgiões-dentistas e a quantidade de procedimentos odontológicos nos serviços públicos de odontologia; 2- A associação entre a disponibilidade de cirurgiões-dentistas e a proporção de dentes restaurados (em relação ao total de dentes atacados pela cárie) em indivíduos de 15 a 19 anos ; 3- A associação da disponibilidade de cirurgiões-dentistas com a prevalência e severidade da cárie em indivíduos de 15 a 19 anos. As três investigações são apresentadas sob forma de artigos. Foram utilizados diversos bancos de dados secundários, disponíveis gratuitamente na internet. No primeiro estudo foi identificada associação do número de Equipes de Saúde Bucal do programa Saúde da Família (ESB) e de cirurgiões-dentistas no SUS de uma forma geral com o número de procedimentos odontológicos no serviço público; quanto mais ESB e cirurgiões-dentistas mais procedimentos odontológicos, tanto preventivos quanto restauradores. Mais dentistas no serviço público de odontologia significaram mais procedimentos preventivos e coletivos, porém um número relativamente pequeno a mais de restaurações. É preocupante a quantidade relativamente pequena de restaurações realizadas pelos dentistas do serviço público no Brasil diante do grande número de dentes com cárie não tratada, identificado pela pesquisa nacional de saúde bucal. O segundo estudo revelou que a quantidade de dentistas nas capitais brasileiras é muito grande e que, portanto, há capacidade instalada para atender todas as necessidades de tratamentos restauradores. Entretanto, o índice de cuidado odontológico em jovens de 15 a 19 anos revelou que menos da metade dos dentes atacados pela cárie tinham recebido o cuidado adequado, i.e., estavam restaurados. Este estudo concluiu que, o grande investimento da sociedade brasileira em odontologia, seja no setor público ou privado, não está tendo o retorno esperado, pelo menos para jovens de 15 a 19 anos. O terceiro estudo concluiu que fatores socioeconômicos amplos e flúor na água foram os principais determinantes da variação na prevalência e severidade da cárie em jovens de 15 a 19 anos e que a contribuição do dentista foi relativamente pequena. Diante do papel relativamente pequeno do dentista na prevenção da cárie, o esforço clínico do mesmo deveria, portanto, enfatizar tratamentos de maior complexidade, visando a restauração e reabilitação de danos relevantes para a função e bem estar (Serviço Pessoal de Saúde). Esforços efetivos para evitar a cárie dentária ocorrem principalmente no âmbito de estratégias preventivas populacionais (Serviço não Pessoal de Saúde), com uma contribuição relativamente pequena do trabalho clínico. / This thesis comprises three ecological studies including the 27 state capitals. These three studies were as follows: 1- The association between the availability of dentists and the amount of dental procedures in public dental services; 2- The association between the availability of dentists and the proportion of filled teeth (in relation to total teeth attacked by caries) in subjects 15-19 years; 3- The combination of the availability of dentists with the prevalence and severity of dental caries in individuals 15-19 years. The three investigations are presented in the form of articles. Many banks side, available freely on the internet data were used. In the first study association was found in the number of oral health teams of the Family Health Program (ESB) and dentists in the NHS in general with the number of dental procedures in the public service; ESB as more and more dentists dental procedures, both preventive as restorers. "Most dentists" in public dental services meant more collective and preventive procedures, but a relatively small number of the most restorations. Worryingly the relatively small amount of restorations performed by dentists of the public service in Brazil on the number of teeth with untreated caries, identified by a national survey of oral health. The second study revealed that the number of dentists in the Brazilian capital is very large and, therefore, there is capacity to meet all the needs of restorative treatments. However, the rate of dental care for young people aged 15 to 19 years revealed that less than half of the teeth attacked by caries had received proper care, for example, were restored. This study concluded that the large investment in Brazilian society in dentistry, whether in the public or private sector, is not having the expected return, at least for young people 15-19 years. The third study found that larger socioeconomic factors and fluoride in the water was the major determinant of variation in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in young people 15-19 years and that the contribution of the dentist was relatively small. Given the relatively small role of dental caries prevention, clinical effort it should therefore emphasize more complex treatments, aimed at the restoration and rehabilitation of significant damage to the function and well-being ("Personal Health Service"). Effective efforts to prevent tooth decay occur primarily in population-based prevention strategies ("no Personal Health Service"), with a relatively small contribution of clinical work.

Based on the previous studies, the hypothesis of this research is that the higher the level of gender equality in a state, the higher level of its peacefulness. It is a quantitative study using linear regression analysis with three variables, namely Global Peace Index (GPI) as a dependent variable, Gender Inequality Index (GII) as an independent variable and Human Development Index (HDI) as a control variable. The data of 139 states from year 2013 were submitted into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result shows a significant and positive linear relationship between gender inequality and a high level of conflict, which confirms the hypothesis. However, HDI shows to be less reliable as a control variable due to issues with multicollinearity (heavily related independent variables). Further studies should replace the HDI with another control variable.

This study analysed the effects of international trade on human development in two developing regions, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The choice of comparing SADC and ASEAN is motivated by the many similarities between both regions half a century ago, and the stark divergence of their respective development pathways which has led to different development outcomes half a century later. Annual data from 2000 to 2018 and dynamic panel data econometric techniques were used in this study, controlling for individual country characteristics, endogeneity, serial correlation, heterocedasticity and interdependencies between the countries in each region. Two estimations were done in this study; sample wide estimations and country specific estimations. In the sample wide estimations the Generalised Method of Moments of Arellano and Bover (1995) with forward orthogonal deviations, and Feasible Generalised Least Squares of Parks (1967) and Kmenta (1986) were used, whilst Swamy’s Random Coefficients were used in the country specific estimations. Trade is measured using the current account balance as a percentage of GDP, whilst human development is captured by the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI). In the sample wide estimations, the study found that trade openness enhances human development for both SADC and ASEAN as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). Gross fixed capital formation, economic growth and technological progress all had positive effects on human development in both regions. Unemployment had a counter intuitive positive effect on human development. This raises issues on the nature and quality of employment, including concerns on cheap production labour and vulnerable employment. The ASEAN region had a higher mean level of economic growth, a trade surplus and higher level of technological progress than SADC. This is consistent with the manufacturing focus of ASEAN, compared to the primary commodity exporting nature of SADC which had a trade deficit. However, in each region there were country specific differences in terms of what drives human development. The country specific disparities in drivers of human development have implications for the regional trade and development nexus. In particular, these disparities must be considered in the conceptualization and implementation of the SADC Industrialisation and Strategy Roadmap, and the most recent African Continental Free Trade Area. The policy implication is that such regional trade agreements should accommodate countries’ specific heterogeneity as the policy pathways will differ between countries. / Business Management / D. Phil. (Management Studies)