Background: Occupational stress is a global and complex phenomenon, and workers in developing countries can be affected by it (International Labour Organisation 2001). Staff within maternity settings have been identified as being at risk of suffering from stress, resulting in adverse health outcomes (Evenden and Sharpe, 2002). However, MWAs’ perceptions of stress have not been captured and are not reflected in the literature. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore MWAs’ perceptions of occupational stress, possible cause(s), the impact and support available and the coping methods they adopted within maternity care settings (hospital) in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative methodology. Husserl’s (1962) phenomenological approach was chosen as it enabled the researcher to collect rich, in-depth, descriptive accounts of the MWAs’ perceptions of the phenomenon under study through the use of semi-structured interviews. Findings: The major sources of stress for MWAs included work overload, long working hours, staff shortages, work exploitation and intensification and lack of support from senior staff. The stress levels MWAs experienced impacted on their health and well-being and resulted in related behavioural and physical reactions. Conclusion: This study confirmed that MWAs were exposed to similar stress factors experienced by other health workers and reported in the research literature. Additionally, it demonstrated the need for more qualitative studies to explore the perceptions of occupational stress among under-represented groups of healthcare workers. Importantly, this study created an opportunity to explore the experience of dedicated women facing challenging employment practices in hospital settings in Nigeria. Equally, it gave a voice to these unrecognised, almost invisible women, who were the MWAs that played a key role within the maternity services.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-22T13:25:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_VivianeRamosDaSilva.pdf: 8449645 bytes, checksum: ccaf1743af86a17f2df1921cd46fc121 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_VivianeRamosDaSilva.pdf: 8449645 bytes, checksum: ccaf1743af86a17f2df1921cd46fc121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23 / Admission of infants to school is the period of transition from care provided by the family system to care provided by the school system. It demands adaptation not only of the child, who is expected to interact with strangers in an unknown environment with new routines, but also of the family and the school because it requires reorganizations and transformations for all of them. The overall purpose of this study was to develop both a protocol, which aims to systematize the process of school admission of infants, and an explanatory folder as teaching tools. As specific objectives, the study aimed at the following: subsidizing the adherence of families to school as participants in the educational process; facilitating the admission process of infants from twelve to twenty-four months of age in a Centre for Early Childhood Education; verifying the relationship between maternal wellbeing and personality in the mothers’ and teachers’ perceptions regarding the adaption process of the infants to the school system; and analyzing the stability of two variables, which are “depressive symptoms” and “life satisfaction”. The study was based on a systematic literature review which focused on the relationships between the mothers' subjective wellbeing and the variations of child development. Furthermore, the link among life satisfaction, depressive symptoms and personality traits was analyzed through an empirical longitudinal study. It was developed between March and December of 2016 and investigated two educators and nine mothers of babies who joined a Centre for Early Childhood Education in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in the same year. Results found in previous studies have revealed the great influence of maternal wellbeing in the first years of a child’s life and the need to qualify the care provided to infants and young children in kindergartens and similar institutions. As a result, a protocol was organized to systematize the admission process of infants as well as an explanatory folder to be distributed in the Centre. Despite the extraordinary growth in Psychology studies on maternal health and child development, it has been found that the majority of them focus on the investigation of the symptoms and their effects, that is, they are based on the Traditional Psychology of a posteriori intervention. Therefore, this topic requires more studies of typical development, which aims at preventing misadjustments on behalf of children and their parents in order to increase subjective wellbeing, thus maximizing strengths and virtues of mothers or caregivers. / Inserção de bebês na escola é um período de transição dos cuidados prestados pelo sistema familiar para o sistema escolar. Exige adaptações não apenas da criança, que passa a conviver com pessoas estranhas em um ambiente desconhecido, com novas rotinas, mas também da família e da escola, pois, implica em reorganizações e transformações para todos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral desenvolver como ferramentas pedagógicas um protocolo de sistematização do processo de inserção escolar de bebês e um folder informativo. Como objetivos específicos, o estudo visou: subsidiar a adesão das famílias à escola como participantes do processo educacional; facilitar o processo de inserção de crianças de doze a vinte e quatro meses, no Centro de Educação Infantil; analisar a relação entre bem-estar materno e sua personalidade; verificar a percepção das mães e professoras, quanto ao processo de adaptação dos bebês ao sistema; analisar a estabilidade das variáveis ‘sintomas depressivos’ e ‘satisfação de vida’. Partiu-se de revisão sistemática de literatura sobre as relações entre bem-estar subjetivo das mães e variações de desenvolvimento infantil. Após, foi realizado um estudo empírico, longitudinal e verificou-se a relação entre satisfação de vida, sintomas depressivos e traços de personalidade com a adaptação de bebês. A coleta de dados se deu de março a dezembro de 2016, e contou com a participação de duas (2) educadoras e nove (9) mães de bebês que ingressaram em 2016, em um Centro de Educação Infantil da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados indicaram a grande influência do bem-estar materno nos primeiros anos de vida e a necessidade de qualificação do atendimento prestado aos bebês e crianças pequenas em creches e instituições similares. Em vista disso, organizou-se um protocolo de sistematização do processo de inserção escolar de bebês e material informativo em formato de folder, para distribuição na instituição. Apesar do exponencial aumento de estudos na área da Psicologia sobre saúde materna e desenvolvimento infantil, percebeu-se que a maioria deles visa a investigar os sintomas e seus efeitos, ou seja, estão baseados na Psicologia Tradicional de intervenção à posteriori. Logo, destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos envolvendo o desenvolvimento típico que busque a prevenção de desajustes em crianças e seus familiares, para a melhoria do Bem-estar subjetivo, potencializando forças e virtudes das mães ou cuidadores.

The aim of this study was to investigate and understand how west African immigrant mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disability are been supported by the Lss service provider. Method: Qualitative semi- structured interviews were conducted with seven participants , therein four were west African mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disability, and three were Lss service workers.  The interviews were transcribed and then later thematically analysed. The Result shows that there are challenges for the mothers to understand the supportive information avaliable because of language barriers, therefore making it difficult for the Lss to know whom to provide structural services to, thus there are no health promotional interventions mapped out for the mothers.  A total of five main themes and ten subthemes emerged . Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that west African immigrant mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disability in Sweden have a cultural perception that disability is outlawed and prohibited,  and their insufficient knowledge on the importance of health literacy affects the Lss from providing sustainable rehabilitation  and structural services.

Introduktion: Det finns allt fler studier inom området “Aktivitetsbalans” inom Arbetsterapin. Studier lyfter associationer till aktivitetsbalans inom olika livsområden men än finns få studier som sammanställer Forskningsläget kring dessa associationer. Samlad kunskap behövs kring arbetsterapeutens förebyggande, återställande och bibehållande insatser gentemot sina klienter. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva forskningsläget kring vad som är associerat till aktivitetsbalans i kvantitativa studier. Metod: Designen för examensarbete var scoping review. Datainsamling genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl och Medline. Tjugo artiklar inkluderades och analyserades med numerisk och tematisk analys. Resultat: Examensarbetet resulterade i teman och underteman som beskriver associationer till aktivitetsbalans. Följande fem teman skapades: Hälsa och välbefinnande, Sociodemografi, Aktivitet, Interpersonella faktorer och Omgivningsfaktorer. Dessa utmynnade i elva underteman som associerar till aktivitetsbalans: Hälsa, livskvalitet och livstillfredsställelse, personfaktorer, variabla personfaktorer, sysselsättning, tillfredsställelse med aktivitetsutförande, problematiskt internetanvändande, familj och sociala relationer, barn med särskilda behov, samhällsinformation och isolering. Slutsats: En persons hälsa, relationer och dagliga aktiviteter har genom arbetet visat sig ha ett samband med aktivitetsbalans. Även personliga egenskaper och delar av den omgivningen där personen befinner sig i förefaller vara associerat till aktivitetsbalansen. Aktivitetsbalans har i examensarbetet visat sig ha associationer till flera olika delar av en människas tillvaro. / Introduction: More research is getting produced regarding ”occupational balance” (OB) in the field of occupational therapy. Studies lifts associations to occupational balance in different areas of life but there’s still few studies that conclude these associations. Congregated knowledge is needed in the occupational therapist daily preventive, restorative and maintaining work. Aim: To describe the current research about associations to OB in quantitative studies. Method: The study design was a scoping review. Data was collected from Cinahl and Medline. Twenty articles were included and analysed through numerical and thematical analysis. Results: The thesis resulted in five themes and eleven sub-themes describing associations to OB. Following five themes were created: Health and wellbeing, sociodemographic, activity, interpersonal factors, environmental factors. These themes resulted in eleven sub-themes with associations to OB: Health, life quality and life satisfaction, personal factors, variating personfactors, employment, family and social relationships, children with special needs, problematic internet use, social information, isolation, and satisfaction with occupational performance. Conclusions: A persons health, relations and daily activities have shown a relationship to occupational balance. Personal characteristics and surrounding environment of which the person belongs seems to relate to occupational balance. Occupational balance has shown associations to many parts of the human life.

Background: Occupational stress is a global and complex phenomenon, and workers in developing countries can be affected by it (International Labour Organisation 2001). Staff within maternity settings have been identified as being at risk of suffering from stress, resulting in adverse health outcomes (Evenden and Sharpe, 2002). However, MWAs’ perceptions of stress have not been captured and are not reflected in the literature. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore MWAs’ perceptions of occupational stress, possible cause(s), the impact and support available and the coping methods they adopted within maternity care settings (hospital) in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative methodology. Husserl’s (1962) phenomenological approach was chosen as it enabled the researcher to collect rich, in-depth, descriptive accounts of the MWAs’ perceptions of the phenomenon under study through the use of semi-structured interviews. Findings: The major sources of stress for MWAs included work overload, long working hours, staff shortages, work exploitation and intensification and lack of support from senior staff. The stress levels MWAs experienced impacted on their health and well-being and resulted in related behavioural and physical reactions. Conclusion: This study confirmed that MWAs were exposed to similar stress factors experienced by other health workers and reported in the research literature. Additionally, it demonstrated the need for more qualitative studies to explore the perceptions of occupational stress among under-represented groups of healthcare workers. Importantly, this study created an opportunity to explore the experience of dedicated women facing challenging employment practices in hospital settings in Nigeria. Equally, it gave a voice to these unrecognised, almost invisible women, who were the MWAs that played a key role within the maternity services.

I denna uppsats diskuteras kompositionsprocesser utifrån ett hälsoperspektiv. Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa kunskaper om kompositionsprocesser, hälsa och välbefinnande. Studier inom musikpsykologi samt inom fältet för musik och hälsa presenteras i bakgrunden följt av begrepp och Wallas modell för skapandeprocesser. Vidare har metoden kvalitativ forskningsintervju valts för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågor som handlar om att synliggöra hälsofrämjande strategier inom komposition. I resultatet presenteras utdrag utifrån tre huvudteman som analyserats tematiskt och hermeneutiskt: Kompositionsprocesser och hälsofrämjande strategier, Välbefinnande och känslor samt Social samverkan. I diskussionsdelen diskuteras dessa teman under rubriker som Lekfullhet och flow, Tillit, Mottaganden och möten och slutligen en sammanfattning: Komposition och hälsa - en vision. En slutsats som uppdagades var att det finns utrymme för hälsofrämjande aspekter och känslor av välbefinnande genom hela kompositionsprocessen - förutsatt att kompositören vet hur han eller hon ska hantera sina motgångar. Slutligen diskuteras metoden och även arbetets betydelse samt fortsatt forskning presenteras. / In this thesis composition processes from a health perspective are being discussed. The aim of the thesis is to create knowledge about composition processes, health, and well-being. Studies in music psychology as well as in the field of music and health are presented in the background, followed by concepts and Wallas' model of creative processes. Furthermore, the qualitative research interview method has been chosen to address certain research questions, including those related to identifying health-promoting strategies within composition. The results present excerpts based on three main themes analyzed thematically and hermeneutically: Composition processes and health-promoting strategies, Well-being and emotions and Social collaboration. In the Discussion section, these themes are discussed under headings such as Playfulness, Trust and flow, Reception and meetings and finally a summarize: Composition and health - a vision. One conclusion that emerged was that there is room for health-promoting aspects and feelings of well-being throughout the entire composition process, provided that the composer knows how to handle setbacks. Finally, the method and the significance of the work are discussed, and further research is presented.

Two key policy documents are having an impact on health visiting practice in Scotland: Getting It Right for Every Child (GIRFEC) (2013), which seeks to promote all children’s wellbeing, and The Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland (2010) which promotes person-centred care. ‘Shared decision making’ is integral to ‘person-centred care’; however no research studies to date have linked shared decision making with health visitor practice. This thesis reports on a descriptive, qualitative research study, which was conducted in two health board areas in Scotland, in order to explore the processes that support effective shared decision making in health visiting practice within the context of implementing GIRFEC. The design was in three phases and used Elwyn’s Framework, of ‘Choice, Options and Decision Talk’ as a structure (2012). Phase 1 consisted of audio recordings of 2 x health visitor: parent encounters when decisions were being made; Phase 2 consisted of semi-structured interviews with 9 x health visitors and 9 x parents who had made decisions within the last 6 months; Phase 3 involved 3 x focus groups reviewing the findings to date and reflecting on current issues when implementing GIRFEC. The framework method was used for analysis and two additional themes were identified: ‘Issues’ and ‘Relationships’. The health visitors demonstrated that they built up trusting relationships with parents; however there was lack of understanding and application of decision making theory which supports analysis, and an outcome focused approach to person-centred planning. This thesis identifies areas for health visitor practice development.

Studiens syfte var att kartlägga skillnader mellan individuella faktorer och upplevelsen av social och organisatorisk arbetsmiljö hos studenterna på Jönköping University. Syftet var också att skapa en översikt och ett underlag för åtgärder åt uppdragsgivaren Studenthälsan. Den sociala och organisatoriska arbetsmiljön har i studien grundat sig på sex olika segment: krav, kontroll, socialt stöd, balans mellan studier och fritid, hälsa och välbefinnande samt kränkande beteende. Studien är kvantitativ och har grundat sig i en tvärsnittsdesign med en deduktiv ansats. En webbaserad enkät skickades i mars 2017 ut till de studenter på lärosätet som studerade minst 75 %, vilket genererade 1324 svar med en svarsfrekvens på 19,3 %. Data analyserades med hjälp av t-test med oberoende mätningar, oberoende envägs ANOVA och Kruskal Wallis ANOVA. Resultatet visade att framförallt kvinnor, äldre studenter, internationella studenter utanför utbytesprogram och inhemska studenter samt studenterna på Hälsohögskolan och den Tekniska högskolan upplevde den sociala och organisatoriska arbetsmiljön sämre än jämförelsegrupperna. Segmentet hälsa och välbefinnande visade upp lägst medelvärden av samtliga segment. Resultatet bekräftade befintlig teori med undantagen att äldre studenter upplevde den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön sämre samt att utbytesstudenter upplevde den bättre på lärosätet för aktuell studie. För vidare forskning föreslås kvalitativa studier som syftar till att identifiera orsakerna till de skillnader som uppvisade signifikanta värden. / The study's purpose was to map differences between individual factors and the perception of the social and organizational work environment among students at Jönköping University. The social and organizational work environment in this study is based on six different segments: demands, control, social support, balance between studies and free time, health and wellbeing and offensive behavior. The study is quantitative and is based on a cross-sectional design with a deductive approach. In March 2017, an online survey was distributed to students with a study pace of 75 % or more at the university. The survey generated 1324 responses with at response rate of 19,3 %. The data were analyzed with Independent Sample t-test, Independent One Way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis ANOVA. The results showed that particularly women, older students, international students who are not part of an exchange program, Swedish students and students from the Health and Technical Schools, perceived the social and organizational work environment more negatively than their comparison groups. The segment, health and wellbeing, showed the lowest mean score of all the segments. The study's results confirmed existing theories with the exceptions that the older students experienced the social and organizational work environment more negatively than the other students, and that the exchange students perceived it more positively. For further research the authors suggests qualitative studies to identify the causes of the differences that showed significant results.

Growing issues such as climate crises, social injustice and neglection of basic human rights have created a new type of consumption, namely ethical consumption. Ethical consumption was initially mainly concerned for environmental issues but has in later years starting to include a variety of pressing issues. Ethical consumption was also initially mainly connected to groups of extremists, but with the increasing availability of ethical products in mainstream outlets, ethical consumption has shifted to be a mainstream consumer game. Mainstream ethical consumption has largely been neglected in previous research where the field is lacking knowledge in form of qualitative behavioral data. Departing from the gap, this study will mainly focus on exploring the motives for ethical consumption in the mainstream consumer segment. We will examine several driving forces in form of altruistic-based motives, egoistic-based motives, and non-value-based motives. However, in order to give this an additional dimension we also want to examine the level of morality of ethical consumption by using five ethical theories. This approach has been overlooked in previous ethical consumption research and it will question the basic assumption that ethical consumption is the morally correct thing to do. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the motivational factors for ethical consumption and through the lens of ethical theories examine the level of morality of this behavior. In order to fulfill this purpose we have conducted a qualitative study within the context of organic groceries in the Swedish market. Organic groceries is a branch of ethical consumption that few studies has examined before, and that applies especially to the Swedish market. 14 mainstream consumers have been interviewed were all of these were frequent buyers of organic groceries. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured fashion which was then analyzed by the use of thematic analysis. Furthermore, the study was guided by an exploratory inductive approach where subjectivity played a significant part. The results show that ethical consumption is driven by altruistic-based motives in form of social justice, where consumer want their consumption to benefit other. However, it is far from the only motive because ethical consumers are equally driven by egoistic motives. The result show that consumers are driven strongly by the sense of self- satisfaction created by the force of social norms, health and wellbeing, and product quality. This duality of motives creates a paradoxical tension in form of a win-win situation where the consumers strive for both the benefit of self as well as the benefit of others. Furthermore, ethical consumption is driven by habitual behavior where the consumers rely much on mental shortcuts in their purchases. Consumers are also not well- informed about ethical products and labels and therefore rely heavily on mythical benefits. In addition, when examining the level of morality of ethical consumption we can conclude that it is on level between mediocre to high. From a consequentialist and a non- consequentialist perspective the level of morality is fairly high, but from a character-based perspective the morality stumbles.