The purpose of this study is to take a closer look into preschool teachers interest of ICT, how often do they use digital tools in their practice and what do they think of implementing ICT into their daily work. I’m also interested to see if a certain culture that either is positive or negative towards the use of ICT develops in preschools. What interest do preschool teachers have for ICT? Do preschool teachers think they have sufficient knowledge about ICT? Is a certain culture created within preschools that either is positive or negative towards the use of ICT? I used a quantitative survey as my method. 64 preschool teachers took part in it, 63 were female and one was male. The age range from 24 to 61 and the average age was 44 years old. The survey contained of 12 questions about their attitude towards the use of ICT in preschools. The data collected from the survey was analyzed and presented as diagrams. Constructivism is my theoretical framework on this study because it’s a good way to analyze the results from the study to see if some preschools have develop a culture that have a certain attitude towards ICT. The results show that majority of preschool teachers have a positive attitude towards the use of ICT but their knowledge about it is quite unimpressive. There is a strong majority that is willing to improve their knowledge. The use of ICT isn’t that widespread and only around 30 % uses ICT at least some time every week. When you look at the results you can see that there is a certain culture that has develop on certain preschools. Mostly the culture has a positive attitude towards ICT but in some cases it’s a negative one and that is problematic.

A l’aube du 21e siècle, dans un environnement en mouvement constant, que le rapport au savoir à l’ile Maurice soit moins en termes d’enseignement, de «reproduction», d’«héritiers», ou de «transmission» pour faire place à l’apprentissage, aux relations à travers des remises en causes des « habitus ». Un modèle d’éducation qui se perpétue depuis des générations avec pour toile de fond, une pédagogie transmissive/le ’spoon-feeding’, la compétition académique et un recours massif à des leçons particulières pour l’obtention d’une place dans les meilleurs collèges et d’une bourse d’Etat, attestés par des nombreux écrits au cours de cette recherche nous interpellent sur notre mission en tant qu’enseignant et nous font comprendre à travers des études auprès des enseignants de l’Enseignement Supérieur que l’école peut répondre en partie aux faiblesses pédagogiques de notre système éducatif en permettant à nos apprenants de sortir de leur conditionnement mais se doit surtout d’être une organisation apprenante en les encourageant à travailler dans un esprit de complémentarité des savoirs afin de s’enrichir à travers le collectif, confirmé par leurs implications, motivations et façon d’apprendre qui n’ont été que positivement renforcées lors des expérimentations sur différentes plateformes utilisant les Tic au sein de l’UDM.Un pays qui de par sa position géostratégique, ses projets éducatifs mondialistes, aspire à devenir un « Knowledge Hub » ne peut agir efficacement sans envisager une approche systémique dans ses réformes en complémentant le contexte avec les Tic afin de faire évoluer le système éducatif. / Knowledge is no longer limited to a selective group of individuals but should relate to any person eager for learning. In the 21st century, in a constantly changing educational environment, in Mauritius, schooling is still based on the notion of a pyramid-typed organisation. In this research. it has been observed that this flaw is explained through a model of education that perpetuates for generations with a backdrop of scholastic pedagogy encouraging 'spoon-feeding', intense academic competition and heavy reliance on private tuitions for obtaining a place in the best colleges and eventually a state scholarship. Studies conducted through this research challenged us in our mission as educators and researchers and made us understand, through experimentations, that the school should be a learning organisation with teams working in a spirit of complementarity for knowledge sharing because ‘the human brain is programmed for social interaction’(Hinton and Fischer). The researcher considered the use of ICTs to respond to weaknesses in the Mauritian education system ― seen as a hygiene factor (Herzberg) ― allowing learners to escape this ‘lethargic’ condition, this bilateral relationship as one way communication and to think out of the box while enriching themselves through collective learning practice. Mauritius has the advantage of using English and French as a bilingual platform, and is geo-strategically well positioned to become a "Knowledge Hub", the stepping stone between Africa and Asia in Education, must consider a systemic approach of education complemented with ICT. This will enable the country emerge with a practical educationalreform focused on the global dimension.

Submitted by ALISON NASCIMENTO FARIAS null (00737680300) on 2018-01-26T13:43:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias-2018 ficha catalográfica.pdf: 1794299 bytes, checksum: 88416ebccce7edad43761c36ea48be3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-01-26T15:43:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 farias_an_me_rcla.pdf: 1438085 bytes, checksum: 6f1ad780243f3e80450051017b6844d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T15:43:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 farias_an_me_rcla.pdf: 1438085 bytes, checksum: 6f1ad780243f3e80450051017b6844d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O livro didático é uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar os professores de Educação Física em sua prática pedagógica. Considerando que a sociedade atual está inserida na era digital, cabe refletir sobre a sua relação com as TIC (Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação) nas aulas de Educação Física escolar, visto ser uma temática ainda pouco investigada. Desse modo, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi elaborar, implementar e avaliar unidades didáticas para o 6° ano do ensino fundamental, propostas no livro didático de Educação Física do município de Caucaia/CE, por meio das TIC. A escolha desse cenário se justifica pelo fato de este ter sido um dos primeiros municípios do estado do Ceará a adotar o livro didático para Educação Física. Para atingir o objetivo proposto nesse estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com enfoque colaborativo, desenvolvida por meio de três etapas: 1) Levantamento diagnóstico (observação das aulas de uma professora de Educação Física do 6° ano); 2) Elaboração e Implementação de duas unidades didáticas do livro de Educação Física com a finalidade de construir estratégias pedagógicas para o uso das TIC. 3) e avaliação das unidades didáticas do livro didático de Educação Física. Participaram da pesquisa alunos de uma turma do 6° ano do ensino fundamental e uma professora da disciplina. Os dados coletados foram transcritos, revistos, organizados e classificados a partir da análise de categorias de codificação propostas por Bogdan e Binken (1994). Os principais resultados indicaram que, apesar das limitações relacionadas à sua estrutura, o livro didático de Educação Física favoreceu a inclusão das TIC que, por sua vez, colaboraram para ensinar os conteúdos propostos no material didático. Observou-se que os alunos aprenderam de forma autônoma e demostraram interesse nas intervenções pedagógicas. Dentre as TIC utilizadas, o celular foi considerado uma ferramenta versátil que facilitou o desenvolvimento e execução das atividades durante as intervenções pedagógicas. Em relação às principais dificuldades encontradas na pesquisa para a inserção das TIC, destaca-se: falta de estrutura física, escassez de equipamentos eletrônicos, falta de internet na escola, professora sem formação para o uso das TIC. Mesmo com tais dificuldades, foi possível minimizar esses obstáculos com o apoio da gestão escolar, dos pais dos alunos e o empenho da professora. Dessa forma, conclui-se que as TIC podem ser ferramentas de apoio pedagógico para ensinar os conteúdos da Educação Física escolar, nesse caso a partir de um livro didático, desde que ocorra uma mediação pedagógica por parte do professor. / The textbook is a tool that can help Physical Education teachers in their pedagogical practice. Considering that the present society is inserted in the digital age, it is necessary to reflect on the relation of didactic book and the ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) in the classes of Physical Education school. This theme is not discussed very much in the curriculum component Physical Education. This way, the objective of the presente research was to elaborate, implement and avaluate didatic unities for the 6° grade from elementary teaching, proposed in the textbook of elementary teaching from CAUCAIA town, CEARÁ, through ICT( information and communicationtechnologies). The choice of this scenario is justified by the fact that it was one of the first counties in the state of Ceará to adopt the textbook for Physical Education.. In order to achieve the objective proposed in this study, a qualitative research was carried out, with a collaborative approach, developed through three stages: 1) Diagnostic assessment (observation of the classes of a Physical Education teacher of the 6th grade); 2) Elaboration and Implementation of two didactic units of the Physical Education book with the purpose of constructing pedagogical strategies for the use of ICT. 3) and evaluation of the didactic units of the textbook of Physical Education. Participants of the research were students of a 6th grade elementary school class and a Physical Education teacher. The collected data were transcribed, reviewed, organized and classified based on the analysis of coding categories proposed by Bogdan and Binken (1994). The main results indicated that despite the limitations related to its structure, the Physical Education textbook favored the inclusion of ICTs, which, in turn, collaborated to teach the contents proposed in didactic material. It was observed that the students learned autonomously and showed interest in the classes. Among the ICT used, the cell phone was considered a versatile tool that facilitated the development and execution of the activities during the pedagogical interventions. In relation to the main difficulties encountered in the research for the insertion of ICT, it is highlighted: lack of physical structure, shortage of electronic equipment, lack of internet in school, teacher without training for the use of ICT. Even with such difficulties, it was possible to minimize these obstacles with the support of school management, the parents of the students and the commitment of the teacher. In this way, it can be concluded that ICT can be pedagogical support tools to teach the contents of Physical Education, in this case from a textbook, provided that a pedagogical mediation by the teacher occurs.

This study has been carried out from two points of view: how museums have changed to adapt to new technologies and the inclusion of people with different disabilities as a target group when developing a new product. This study is done through a series of qualitative interviews made to museum staff and personnel related to the target group, belonging to working directly any of the groups in which the disabilities are divided. Through the study and the application of their answers and contributions as well as the data collected in previous studies, the development of an interactive-multimedia Lab was accomplished, which is installed in the museum Kulturfabriken in Skövde. In order to execute a product development process properly, an adequate methodology was developed, which combines working methods, focused directly on the elaboration of the product from the most practical point of view and analysis methods, which helped analyze the process in an appropriate way through the different interviews and meetings held with the focus groups, to make a customized product with the needs of the museum, but also to combine the needs of the groups with disabilities and special features such as: surround sound system and immersive space, in order to create a suitable multimedia space.

L'effet paravent est une proposition contradictoire à l'effet Pygmalion. Les études de Rosenthal et Jacobson ont mis en évidence le fait que les attentes des enseignants ont comme résultat la tendance de l'élève à se conformer à ces attentes. Par conséquent, les élèves considérés comme susceptibles de s'épanouir arrivent à obtenir des résultats supérieurs aux résultats des autres élèves (et inverse pour les élèves faibles). Mais, les enseignants élaborent souvent des attentes en prenant en compte des éléments qui ne se situent pas dans une relation directe avec les performances scolaires. Le genre, l'origine ethnique, la classe socioéconomique, l'attractivité physique sont des facteurs qui influencent l'élaboration des attentes par les enseignantes, malgré leurs caractères moins fiables. L'essor des technologies, ces dernières années, leur utilisation massive et à grande échelle au niveau de la société, ainsi que leur introduction dans les écoles semblent offrir de nouvelles perspectives, y compris celle de l'amélioration des résultats des élèves, dus aux représentations erronées des enseignants à l'égard de potentiel cognitif de leurs élèves. En effet, avec les technologies, l'école trouve de nouvelles ressources pour accomplir sa mission. Compte tenu de ces nouvelles conditions de travail et d'apprentissages apportées par l'utilisation des technologies, un certain nombre de questions surgissent en lien direct avec les possibilités de changer les regards des enseignants concernant les performances des élèves, avec des effets bénéfiques sur l'image de soi des élèves et, pourquoi pas, sur leurs résultats scolaires. Pour répondre à ces questions, ce travail propose l'étude de l'effet paravent des TICE, autrement dit, la possibilité d'utiliser les TICE pour contrecarrer les effets d'attentes des enseignants sur les performances des élèves. Dans cette perspective, des technologies permettant l'assurance de l'anonymat apparaissent comme un élément susceptible de briser la relation classique maître-élève / The screening effect is opposite proposal to the so called Pygmalion effect. Early studies of Rosenthal and Jacobson had proven the pupils' tendency to reach teacher's expectations concerning theirs scholar performances. It follows that the students considered as promising get usually better results than the others (and contrary, those one considered as weak got lower results). Nevertheless the teacher expectations are sometime based on facts that are not direct linked to the scholar performances. Despite theirs reliability, the gender, the ethnical origin, the social level and physical attractiveness are factors that can contribute in establishing these expectations. The development of ICT in last decades and subsequently their massive use in society (particularly in scholar environment) offers completely new opportunities and perspectives. The aim of present thesis is to study the impacts of these technologies within situations when a relatively poor level of scholar achievements has like source a possible wrong estimation of teachers concerning the scholar potential of theirs students. We can say that by using these new technological achievements the school is finding in fact new tools for achieving its important mission. Currently, intensive efforts are made on studying how this completely new educational work environment and the particularities of these new techniques can influence teachers' regard on scholar's performances with positives effects on the self-esteem of the students or even on their scholar achievement. Trying to answer to some of these questions, the aim of present work is to study the screening effect of ICT, thus the possibility of using ICT to diminish the effects of teaching expectances on the scholar performances of the students. In this context, using ICT to hide the student identity seems to break the classical student teacher interaction

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner à la fois les dimensions de l’offre et de la demande relatives à l’inclusion financière. Cette recherche présente un ensemble complet de preuves empiriques concernant l’accès aux services financiers, aux niveaux macro et micro-économiques. Le troisième chapitre fournit une exploration de cette hypothèse essentielle. En utilisant des données structurelles par pays, il montre les effets de l’inclusion financière sur la réduction de la pauvreté et des inégalités. En outre, il montre les effets bénéfiques des nouvelles technologies sur l’extension de l’inclusion financière et la réduction de la pauvreté. Le quatrième chapitre soutient que la culture financière est un déterminant important de l’inclusion financière des ménages et du bien-être. Basé sur des données d’enquête, il suggère en outre que l’accès aux nouvelles technologies et leur utilisation augmente la probabilité de l’inclusion financière. L’objectif du cinquième chapitre est de déterminer si l’adoption des nouvelles technologies favorise l’inclusion financière des PMEs au Pakistan. L’analyse révèle une association entre l’adoption des NTIC et l’accès de la firme aux services financiers, ce qui implique que les firmes qui ont un meilleur accès ou une utilisation plus intense des nouvelles technologies sont susceptibles de tirer de plus grands avantages des marchés financiers que les autres.Cette recherche contribue à la littérature sur l’accès aux services financiers en étendant l’examen de plusieurs dimensions significatives et complémente les études sur l’impact de la profondeur financière, de la stabilité financière et de la culture financière. / The aim of this PhD dissertation is to examine both the supply and demand sideof financial inclusion. This research presents a comprehensive set of evidence regarding financial access at macro and micro levels. This thesis blends three essays where the third chapter provides insights on the crucial linkages between new technologies, financial inclusion and poverty. Findings have shown poverty and inequality reducing effects of financial inclusion based on cross country data. Moreover, it shows beneficial effects of new technologies in expansion of financial inclusion and poverty reduction. Fourth chapter argues that financial literacy is an important determinant of households’ financial inclusion and welfare. Based on primary data it further suggests that the access toand use of new technologies increase the likelihood of financial inclusion. The objective of fifth chapter is to determine whether the adoption of new technologies promotes financial inclusion for SMEs in Pakistan. The analysis indicates the association between information and communication technologies (ICT) adoption and firm’s access to finance,implying that firms with greater access to and use of new technologies are more likely to benefit from financial markets compared with the others. This research contributes to the literature on access to finance in a more extensive way by examining relatively modern dimensions such as ICTs, digital finance and mobile money. Moreover, this dissertation concentrates on the effects of financial development and ICT on poverty and inequality which is understudied branch in conventional finance-growth nexus.

Samhällets utveckling karaktäriseras av en allt mer påtaglig digitalisering. Att använda internet tycks vara en nödvändig förutsättning för att vara en aktiv deltagare av dagens samhälle. Forskning har visat att äldre individer använder internet mindre än yngre, vilket gör dem speciellt utsatta i och med samhällets digitalisering. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det för äldre individer finns ett samband mellan socioekonomisk status och att vara uppkopplad till internet, samt sambandet mellan socioekonomisk status och tidsmässig omfattning av dagligt internetanvändande. Studien behandlar teori gällande ’digital immigrants’, ’digital divide’ och teori gällande sociala klasser och deras skilda levnadsförhållanden. Datamaterialet som användes hämtades från ESS omgång åtta år 2016. ESS samlar in datamaterial från ett 30-tal europeiska länder och behandlar bland annat frågor som rör socioekonomisk status och internetanvändning. Undersökningspopulationen för denna studie baserades på en hopfogning av uppgifter från länderna Sverige, Norge och Finland. Urvalet bestod av totalt 1171 individer 65 år eller äldre som inte arbetade. För att undersöka uppkoppling till internet och typisk daglig internetanvändning genomfördes en multipel logistisk regressionsanalys och en multipel linjär regressionsanalys som analysmetod. Resultatet visade att äldre individer med hög socioekonomisk status var mer uppkopplade till internet och använde det mer på en typisk dag än de med låg socioekonomisk status.

I fritidshemmets verksamhet arbetar fritidspedagoger med IKT och digitala verktyg på olika sätt och i olika grad, och har i uppdrag att ge barnen en meningsfull fritid där deras behov och intresse står i centrum. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur fritidspedagoger uppfattar olika möjligheter som IKT erbjuder dem i sin undervisning samt vilka svårigheter som de upplever i sitt arbete med IKT i fritidshem. Metoden i denna studie är av kvalitativ ansats, där insamling av data har skett med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem verksamma fritidspedagoger. Studiens resultat visar att IKT och digitala verktyg erbjuder många olika möjligheter för såväl lärarens undervisning som barnens lärande och utveckling. Dock framkommer det att det finns aktuella svårigheter som upplevs av respondenterna, vilket i sin tur begränsar användandet av IKT i fritidshem.

Esta dissertação propõe atividades audiovisuais colaborativas para a sala de aula, a partir da hipótese de que contribuem com a qualificação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de uma destas atividades na aprendizagem de uma amostra de crianças. Para contemplar este objetivo, foi realizado um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa de investigação, coleta e análise de dados. Para o estudo, foi selecionada como amostra uma turma de 4º ano da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Deputado Victor Issler de Porto Alegre. A atividade foi adaptada à faixa etária destes alunos e administrada de forma lúdica, através de um jogo de produção de vídeo com o tema desenvolvimento sustentável. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários de pré e pós-teste, levando em consideração os conhecimentos dos alunos, o discurso da professora e o interesse de ambos pela atividade. A análise textual das respostas coletadas na amostra, revelou uma maior capacidade de relação destes sujeitos com os conteúdos trabalhados, assim como um maior engajamento em aula durante o processo e um grande interesse pelo formato da atividade. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram um percentual de interesse de 100% dos alunos em participar de mais atividades audiovisuais em aula. Considera-se que este estudo faça uma pequena contribuição com a evolução das práticas docentes no ensino público brasileiro e na educação como um todo, ao demonstrar uma forma de atualizar processos de ensino e aprendizagem atualmente. Conclui-se, que a utilização de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) através de metodologias ativas, lúdicas e audiovisuais, intrínsecas à atividade proposta, facilitaram a aprendizagem da amostra, empoderando os alunos durante o processo e contribuindo com desenvolvimento de habilidades tecnológicas úteis à vida. Este estudo de caso abre perspectivas para o delineamento e aprofundamento de uma pesquisa mais ampla, o estabelecimento de outras hipóteses e a partir de uma amostragem controlada e probabilística, possíveis resultados generalizáveis à uma população maior. / This dissertation proposes collaborative audiovisual activities for the classroom, based on the hypothesis that they contribute to the qualification of teaching and learning processes. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of one of these activities in the learning of a sample of children. In order to contemplate this objective, a case study of qualitative and quantitative research, data collection and analysis was carried out. In the study, a fourth grade class of the Municipal Elementary School Principal Deputy Victor Issler, from Porto Alegre, was selected as the sample. The activity was adapted to the age group of these students and managed in a playful way, through a game of video production with the theme sustainable development. The data were collected from pre and post-test questionnaires, taking into account the student’s knowledge, the teacher's discourse and their interest in the activity. The textual analysis of the responses collected in the sample revealed a greater capacity of relation of these subjects with the contents worked, as well as a greater engagement in class during the process and a great interest by the format of the activity. The results showed a 100% interest rate of students participating in more audiovisual activities in class. It is considered that this study makes a small contribution to the evolution of teaching practices in Brazilian public education and in education as a whole, by demonstrating a way to update teaching and learning processes today. It was concluded that the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) through active, playful and audiovisual methodologies, intrinsic to the proposed activity, facilitated the learning of the sample, empowering students during the process and contributing to the development of useful technological skills life. This case study opens perspectives for the delineation and deepening of a broader research, the establishment of other hypotheses and from a controlled and probabilistic sampling, possible results generalizable to a larger population.

The main object of my final work is creating worksheets for teaching ?Word problems? with the interactive whiteboard and using ICT (Information and Communication Technology) at a selected school. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical part. The first part deals with the use of ICT and interactive whiteboards in teaching mathematics. I also mention the concept of a textbook, interactive textbook and my own comparing textbooks. The second part of my thesis contains a workbook I have prepared to my own support teaching on the interactive whiteboard this application and individual examples. Then I occupy myself with application worksheets in teaching pupils in the 9th year of primary school. In conclusion I gave results and of knowledge that I acquired during my teaching.