就筆者所觀察，至今有關日語動轉名詞之研究大都僅止於語義分類或是分析其句法現象，複合詞語義擴張之結構與因詞彙複合所產生的選擇制約(selectional restriction)之原因尚未闡明。然而，透過認知語意學之基模、理想化認知模組等，我們可以正確掌握在論元結構或是詞彙概念結構所無法得知之信息，如以下三點。 1. 複合詞的多義現象 2. 複合詞的選擇限制 3. 複合詞的句法特徵 　　首先，複合詞的多義現象所指的是同一個形態帶有兩種或兩種以上語義之詞彙，如「歯磨き」。在以往的研究皆被視為是動詞語基轉為名詞時所發生之現象，筆者則主張本現象是起因於轉喻。 　　其次，選擇限制所指的是如「?洗剤を水割りで使う」、「?部屋で立ち読みする」、「??こんにゃくを輪切りにする」之類，未必不合語法但會令人感到不自然之用法。本論文將由「命名功能」來探討此現象。 　　最後，複合詞的句法特徵所指的是，詞彙結構雖同樣能夠分解為「內部論元＋動詞」或「附加語＋動詞」，卻未必能夠與「-する」結合來做為一個動詞使用之現象。 　　以上三點中特別是1和2在先前研究中幾乎未被提及。筆者認為此二點在動轉名詞中尚有待研究。因此，本論文將藉由認知語意學之方法來嘗試提出新的構詞模式。 / In this paper, I attempt to interpret some phenomena of deverbal nouns in Japanese as shown following, by the method of cognitive semantics. 1. The polysemy of deverbal nouns 2. The selectional restriction of deverbal nouns 3. The syntactic characteristics of deverbal nouns At first, I will explain the polysemy of deverbal nouns as the lexicon “Hamigaki”, which is considered as a phenomenon of conversion of the base verb, is due to metonymy. Second, I will make an explanation about the selectional restriction of deverbal nouns such as “? Senzaiwo mizuwaride tsukau”, “? Heyade tachiyomi suru”, “??Konnyakuwo wagirini suru”, which are easy to be regarded unnatural but not ungrammatical usage via “naming function”. Last, I will discuss the relation of the affix “-suru” and deverbal nouns which can be analyzed to “theme + verb” or “adjunct + verb”.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo reconstruir os modelos cognitivo-culturais que estruturam a categoria conceitual RELIGIÃO, com base nos discursos dos/sobre os imigrantes das antigas colônias italianas na região Nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, relativamente ao modo como esses experienciavam a religiosidade. Isso se dá a partir de uma análise semântica dos enunciados presentes, por exemplo, em textos de natureza antropológica, historiográfica; relatos de memórias, cartas e diários. As fontes desses discursos são documental-bibliográficas e cobrem o período de 1875 à década de 1950. O corpus é constituído de 138 segmentos discursivos, organizados de acordo com cinco categorias diferentes de fontes. A investigação situa-se no campo da Semântica Cognitiva, orientada pela Teoria dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (TMCI), proposta por Lakoff e seus colaboradores. Esse trabalho se justifica uma vez ainda não existirem estudos empíricos sobre a religião em uma cultura ou subcultura sob o viés da Semântica Cognitiva, garantindo seu caráter inédito. Essa teoria permite avaliar como uma categoria conceitual se estrutura e evolui em uma cultura. A análise empreendida dá-se dentro da esfera da Religião Católica, uma vez ser esta a religião predominante na cultura em questão. O método utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, a partir do qual se constrói a estrutura radial preliminar da categoria, com base numa análise inspecional do corpus inicial. Tem-se por hipóteses que: (1) a categoria tem uma estrutura proposicional radial, cujo submodelo prototípico é RITUAIS; (2) a categoria RELIGIÃO estrutura-se basicamente por radialidade, tendo como eixo-de-raio DEUS, com centro prototípico em PAI; (3) estruturas metafóricas e metonímicas organizam extensões ou projeções a partir desses raios; (4) tipos de estruturas proposicionais, como o modelo proposicional script, organizam elementos constitutivos da estrutura radial. O Sistema da Metáfora Moral é aplicado como um modelo organizador dessa estrutura. A análise do corpus selecionado confirma as hipóteses inicialmente levantadas. O submodelo RITUAIS é confirmado como o que prototipicamente representa a categoria. Outra hipótese confirmada é a da influência do modelo proposicional script, como parte integrante do modelo RITUAIS. A estrutura radial hipotética preliminar, ao final das análises, é ajustada aos achados da pesquisa. Esta investigação não visa levantar concepções de religião, mas investigar a estrutura semântico-conceitual de RELIGIÃO por meio da codificação explícita revelada em expressões lingüísticas ou em inferências a partir delas, por meio de modelos metafóricos, metonímicos e proposicionais. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-19T17:24:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Carina Granzotto.pdf: 2486643 bytes, checksum: dddee18ae2237d598ee4373580a51283 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-19T17:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Carina Granzotto.pdf: 2486643 bytes, checksum: dddee18ae2237d598ee4373580a51283 (MD5) / This dissertation has the goal of reconstructing the cognitive cultural models that made up the conceptual category RELIGION, with a basis on the discourse of/about immigrants from the Old Italian colonies from the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul, in relation to how they experienced religiosity. This is done through a semantic analysis of the expressions used, for instance, in the texts of anthropologic and historiographic nature; reports of memories, letters, and diaries. The sources of this discourse are documented bibliographies that cover the period from 1875 to the decade of 1950. The corpus of this work is made up of 138 segments, organized accordingly into five categories with different sources. The investigation centers on the field of Cognitive Semantic, oriented by the Theory of Idealized Cognitive Models (TICM), proposed by Lakoff and his colleagues. This study justifies itself and guarantees its unprecedented nature since there has not yet been empirical studies done about religion in a culture or sub culture. The theory presented allows the evaluation of how a conceptual category structures itself and evolves in a culture. The analysis takes place inside the sphere of Catholic Religion, since this is the religion that predominates the culture in question. The method utilized is the hypothetic-deductive, from which the preliminary radial structure of the category is built, with a basis on the inspectional analysis of the initial corpus. The hypotheses is that: (1) the category has a structure that is propositional radial, in which the prototypical sub-models are RITUALS; (2) the category RELIGION has a radial structure having GOD as a radial axis and FATHER as the prototypical center; (3) metaphoric and metonymic structures organize extensions or projections from these rays; (4) the types of propositional structures, like the propositional model script, organize elements that make up the radial structure. The Moral Metaphor System is applied as a model that organizes this structure. The analyses of the selected corpus confirm the initial hypotheses suggested. The sub model RITUALS is confirmed as the one which prototypically represents the category. The other hypotheses confirmed concerns the influence of the propositional model script as the integral part of the RITUALS model. The preliminary hypothetic radial structure, at the end of the analyses, is adjusted to the findings of the research. This investigation does not aim to bring up conceptions of religion but rather to investigate the semantic-conceptual structure of RELIGION through the explicit codification reveled in linguistic expressions or in inferences from them, as well as through metaphoric, metonymic, and propositional models.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo reconstruir os modelos cognitivo-culturais que estruturam a categoria conceitual RELIGIÃO, com base nos discursos dos/sobre os imigrantes das antigas colônias italianas na região Nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, relativamente ao modo como esses experienciavam a religiosidade. Isso se dá a partir de uma análise semântica dos enunciados presentes, por exemplo, em textos de natureza antropológica, historiográfica; relatos de memórias, cartas e diários. As fontes desses discursos são documental-bibliográficas e cobrem o período de 1875 à década de 1950. O corpus é constituído de 138 segmentos discursivos, organizados de acordo com cinco categorias diferentes de fontes. A investigação situa-se no campo da Semântica Cognitiva, orientada pela Teoria dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (TMCI), proposta por Lakoff e seus colaboradores. Esse trabalho se justifica uma vez ainda não existirem estudos empíricos sobre a religião em uma cultura ou subcultura sob o viés da Semântica Cognitiva, garantindo seu caráter inédito. Essa teoria permite avaliar como uma categoria conceitual se estrutura e evolui em uma cultura. A análise empreendida dá-se dentro da esfera da Religião Católica, uma vez ser esta a religião predominante na cultura em questão. O método utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, a partir do qual se constrói a estrutura radial preliminar da categoria, com base numa análise inspecional do corpus inicial. Tem-se por hipóteses que: (1) a categoria tem uma estrutura proposicional radial, cujo submodelo prototípico é RITUAIS; (2) a categoria RELIGIÃO estrutura-se basicamente por radialidade, tendo como eixo-de-raio DEUS, com centro prototípico em PAI; (3) estruturas metafóricas e metonímicas organizam extensões ou projeções a partir desses raios; (4) tipos de estruturas proposicionais, como o modelo proposicional script, organizam elementos constitutivos da estrutura radial. O Sistema da Metáfora Moral é aplicado como um modelo organizador dessa estrutura. A análise do corpus selecionado confirma as hipóteses inicialmente levantadas. O submodelo RITUAIS é confirmado como o que prototipicamente representa a categoria. Outra hipótese confirmada é a da influência do modelo proposicional script, como parte integrante do modelo RITUAIS. A estrutura radial hipotética preliminar, ao final das análises, é ajustada aos achados da pesquisa. Esta investigação não visa levantar concepções de religião, mas investigar a estrutura semântico-conceitual de RELIGIÃO por meio da codificação explícita revelada em expressões lingüísticas ou em inferências a partir delas, por meio de modelos metafóricos, metonímicos e proposicionais. / This dissertation has the goal of reconstructing the cognitive cultural models that made up the conceptual category RELIGION, with a basis on the discourse of/about immigrants from the Old Italian colonies from the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul, in relation to how they experienced religiosity. This is done through a semantic analysis of the expressions used, for instance, in the texts of anthropologic and historiographic nature; reports of memories, letters, and diaries. The sources of this discourse are documented bibliographies that cover the period from 1875 to the decade of 1950. The corpus of this work is made up of 138 segments, organized accordingly into five categories with different sources. The investigation centers on the field of Cognitive Semantic, oriented by the Theory of Idealized Cognitive Models (TICM), proposed by Lakoff and his colleagues. This study justifies itself and guarantees its unprecedented nature since there has not yet been empirical studies done about religion in a culture or sub culture. The theory presented allows the evaluation of how a conceptual category structures itself and evolves in a culture. The analysis takes place inside the sphere of Catholic Religion, since this is the religion that predominates the culture in question. The method utilized is the hypothetic-deductive, from which the preliminary radial structure of the category is built, with a basis on the inspectional analysis of the initial corpus. The hypotheses is that: (1) the category has a structure that is propositional radial, in which the prototypical sub-models are RITUALS; (2) the category RELIGION has a radial structure having GOD as a radial axis and FATHER as the prototypical center; (3) metaphoric and metonymic structures organize extensions or projections from these rays; (4) the types of propositional structures, like the propositional model script, organize elements that make up the radial structure. The Moral Metaphor System is applied as a model that organizes this structure. The analyses of the selected corpus confirm the initial hypotheses suggested. The sub model RITUALS is confirmed as the one which prototypically represents the category. The other hypotheses confirmed concerns the influence of the propositional model script as the integral part of the RITUALS model. The preliminary hypothetic radial structure, at the end of the analyses, is adjusted to the findings of the research. This investigation does not aim to bring up conceptions of religion but rather to investigate the semantic-conceptual structure of RELIGION through the explicit codification reveled in linguistic expressions or in inferences from them, as well as through metaphoric, metonymic, and propositional models.

Two post processing methods for quantifying the shadow effect of the offshore wind farm Princes Amalia (PA) onto Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) wind farm are analyzed and benchmarked. The first method is the author’s proposed shadow effect determination method (SEDM), which quantifies an offshore wind farm’s shadow effect based on mesoscale WRF (Weather Research Forecast) idealized modeling and the observed frequency of the analyzed site’s wind conditions. The Fitch turbine parametrization scheme and Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) surface layer and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes were used to simulate the wind farm’s interactions, based on site conditions. The proposed physical downscaling method (SEDM) uses filtered simulated atmospheric stability and wind speed conditions, in order to calculate the percent wind speed deficit downstream of PA, with regard, first, to observed wind speed frequency and, secondly, to wind speed and corresponding atmospheric stability regimes. Then a statistical downscaling method, based on the established Analog Ensemble (AnEn) technique, developed by Luca Delle Monache et al. (2011) was employed to verify the results from the first method. This method runs a post processing algorithm using the weighted average of the observations that were verified when the 15 best analogs were valid. Observed wind speed data at 10 m and 50 m height was used as Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) input data and fit to observed time series data. From this, wind speeds at 116 m were extrapolated, in order to estimate the reconstructed atmospheric stability. The two methods were benchmarked and shadow effects were quantified in the range of 7.53% - 22.92% for the SEDM and within an 80% confidence interval of 0.23% -1.83% for the statistical downscaling method. Given the physical method’s exceedance of this confidence interval, WRF idealized modeling proves itself as a consistent means of quantifying an offshore wind farm’s wake, as demonstrated by comparable studies, however inaccurate when benchmarked to statistical modelling methods that use observed wind speed data to recreate atmospheric conditions. / Wake Research Group

In Swedish dialects we find the terms ris, skäver and skärva referring to illnesses in children. The words are also parts of various compounds which refer to variants of the illnesses. The terms are linguistic expressions denoting two folk categories of illnesses, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA. These categories are investigated from a cognitive semantic perspective. The cognitive perspective argues that we organize our understanding of reality by using Idealized Cognitive Models (ICM) based on our physical, mental and emotional experiences of the world. The aim is twofold: to demonstrate the bases on which an experienced illness is placed in a certain category, and to show how a folk conception of illness is reflected in the word formation strategies. The word formation strategies emanate from notions of characteristic symptoms, and from notions of causes of illnesses. Both categories, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA, are based on a number of ICM's. The category RIS is a radial structure, which means that the category is held together although its members have no structural criteria in common. The category SKÄVER/SKÄRVA is a concentrating structure, meaning that all members share all structural criteria. There is a strong connection between word formation strategies and the structures of the categories. Terms related to symptoms refer to members of a category which are part of a radial structure, while terms related to causes refer to members of a category which are part of a concentrating structure. This can be explained by two of the basic assumptions of cognitive semantics: semantic content is structred and symbolized overtly on the surface form of a language and categories are conventional, based on cultural assumptions about the world. / digitalisering@umu

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la relación entre clima laboral y liderazgo transformacional, así como identificar el nivel de clima laboral y liderazgo transformacional en la empresa Banco Azteca del Perú, delimitándonos en la zona geográfica: gerencias de servicios financieros (GSF) y gerencias de créditos y cobranzas (GCC) de mayor y menor rotación. La presente investigación es de tipo descriptivo correlacional, se especifica las dimensiones y características de la variable clima laboral y liderazgo transformacional y su relación. Así mismo el diseño de la investigación es no experimental con un enfoque mixto. Participaron 300 colaboradores, a quienes se aplicó dos instrumentos: encuesta de Clima Laboral según modelo GPTW y el cuestionario multifactorial de liderazgo Transformacional MLQ 5X 4s de B. Bass y B. Avolio adaptado al objetivo de la presente la investigación. Los resultados arrojaron que existen correlaciones significativas y positivas entre Clima Laboral y Liderazgo Transformacional. Se identificó que en las GSF y GCC de menor rotación el nivel de clima laboral es mayor, a diferencia de GSF y GCC de menor rotación, el clima laboral es menor. Así también se identificó que el nivel de liderazgo transformacional es mayor en las GSF y GCC de menor rotación que en las GSF y GCC de mayor rotación. En cuanto a las recomendaciones se sugiere realizar un taller de coaching ejecutivo para los líderes, así como el diseño y aplicación de programas y talleres para reforzar el clima laboral y el liderazgo transformacional. Palabras claves: clima laboral, liderazgo transformacional, respeto, credibilidad, imparcialidad, orgullo, compañerismo, influencia idealizada, motivación inspiracional, estimulación intelectual, consideración individualizada. / The objective of the present research was to analyze the relationship between the work environment and the transformational leadership, as well as identify the level of work environment and transformational leadership in the company Banco Azteca del Perú, delimiting us in the geographical area: financial services management (FSM) and credits and collections management (CCM) of greater and lesser rotation. The present research is of a descriptive correlational type, specifying the dimensions and characteristics of the variable work environment and transformational leadership and their relationship. Likewise, the research design is non-experimental with a mixed approach. 300 collaborators participated, to whom two instruments were applied: Work environment survey according to the GPTW model and the multifactorial questionnaire of transformational leadership MLQ 5X 4s of B. Bass and B. Avolio adapted to the objective of the present investigation. The results showed that there are significant and positive correlations between work environment and transformational leadership. It was identified that in the FSM and CCM with lower rotation the level of work environment is higher, unlike FSM and CCM with lower rotation, the work environment is lower. Thus, it was also identified that the level of transformational leadership is higher in the FSM and CCM with less rotation than in the FSM and CCM with greater rotation. As for the recommendations, it is suggested to conduct an executive coaching workshop for leaders, as well as the design and implementation of programs and workshops to reinforce the work environment and transformational leadership. Keywords: work environment, transformational leadership, respect, credibility, impartiality, pride, companionship, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration. / Trabajo de investigación

La dynamique sédimentaire estuarienne joue un rôle très important pour la qualité de l'eau, les écosystèmes et la navigation. Les estuaires macrotidaux comme la Gironde se caractérisent par la formation de régions très chargées en matière en suspension (MES), appelées zones de turbidité maximale (ZTM), qui influencent le transport et le dépôt des sédiments fins, l'envasement des chenaux, la consommation d'oxygène dissous et le devenir des polluants. L'objectif de ce travail est de comprendre la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire, particulièrement de la ZTM, dans la section fluviale, encore peu étudié, de l'estuaire de la Gironde en lien avec les facteurs de forçage environnementaux et les perturbations du système (changements hydrologiques et morphologiques naturels et anthropiques). La méthodologie de ce travail est basée sur l'analyse de 10 années de données continues de turbidité enregistrées par le réseau de surveillance MAGEST. L'exploitation de telles séries de données, assez novatrice dans les estuaires, a notamment impliqué le développement d'une méthode d'analyse basée sur la combinaison de plusieurs méthodes spectrales. Cette approche est complétée par l'analyse des profils de turbidité et de vitesse de courant lors de cycles de marée, l'analyse de séries temporelles historiques de marée et l'exploitation d'un modèle semi-analytique 2DV. La dynamique sédimentaire de l'estuaire fluvial est d'abord détaillée à toutes les échelles de temps représentatives. A l'échelle de temps intratidale, la distribution verticale des MES et des courants, en deux points d'une même section transversale, a permis de détailler les mécanismes de transport sédimentaire. Les flux particulaires résiduels (totaux, advection, pompage tidal) ainsi estimés pour plusieurs conditions hydrologiques, démontrent le contrôle du pompage tidal sur les flux de MES lors de l'étiage. A l'échelle de temps subtidale, la réponse de la ZTM aux fluctuations hydrologiques (crues, périodes d'augmentation ou diminution continue du débit, variabilité inter-anuelle) est analysée. Ceci a permis de définir plusieurs indicateurs hydrologiques des caractéristiques de la ZTM, qui suggèrent l'intensification de la ZTM au cours des dernières décennies en lien avec la diminution des débit. La contribution relative des facteurs de forçage à la variabilité de la turbidité a été quantifiée pour différentes régions estuariennes et échelles de temps (saisonnière et plurianuelle). L'application de la méthodologique développée à l'estuaire de la Loire, qui dispose de séries de données similaires (réseau SYVEL), a permis de généraliser ces résultats. Enfin, l'effet des changements pluri-décennaux hydrologiques et morphologiques sur la propagation de la marée et la dynamique sédimentaire est détaillé dans la Garonne tidale. Il ressort une amplification du marnage et de la asymétrie de la marée au cours des six dernières décennies, principalement liée aux changements morphologiques naturels dans la Gironde en aval, les extractions de granulat et le changement de régime hydrologique. L'implémentation d'un modèle semi-analytique a permis de vérifier ces résultats et d'analyser leurs implications sur les concentrations de MES et la limite amont de la ZTM. / Estuarine suspended sediment dynamics play an important role in water quality, ecosystems and navigation. The formation of regions of high suspended sediments (SS) concentrations, called turbidity maximum zones (TMZ), is a characteristic feature of macrotidal estuaries, such as the Gironde. The TMZ influences the transport and deposition of fine sediments, channel siltation, oxygen conditions and the particulate transport of pollutants. This work aims to understand the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the fluvial Gironde estuary, still poorly studied, in relation with environmental forcings and system perturbations (natural and anthropic hydrological and morphological changes). The methodology of this work is based on the analysis of the 10-years continuous time series of turbidity recorded by the MAGEST monitoring network. The exploitation of such time series, quite innovative in estuaries, required the development of an analysis method based on the combination of spectral techniques. This approach is completed by the analysis of turbidity and current velocity profiles over tidal cycles, the analysis of historical tide time series, and the exploitation of a 2DV semi-analytical model. First, SS dynamics of the fluvial Gironde is detailed at all representative time scales. At the intratidal time scale, the mechanisms of SS transport were described from the vertical depth of SSC and current velocities at two points of the same section. Residual fluxes (total, advective and tidal pumping), estimated for different hydrological conditions, demonstrated the control of tidal pumping on SS fluxes during periods of low river flow. At the subtidal time scale, the TMZ response to hydrological fluctuations (floods, periods of continuous river flow increase and decrease, interannual changes) was analyzed. Hydrological indicators of the TMZ features were thus defined, which suggest the TMZ intensification over the last decades in relation to the river flow decrease. The relative contributions of environmental forcings to the turbidity variability were quantified for different estuarine regions and time scales (seasonal and multiannual). The application of the same methodology to the Loire estuary, which counts on equivalent time series (SYVEL network), allowed the generalization of these results. Finally, the impact of pluri-decades hydrological and morphological changes on tidal propagation and suspended sediments dynamics is detailed in the tidal Garonne. Both tidal range and asymmetry appear to be amplified over the last six decades, mainly due to natural changes of the down Gironde, gravel extraction in the tidal Garonne and hydrological regime shifts. The implementation of an idealized model allowed verifying such results and analyzing their implications for SS concentrations and the upper TMZ limit.

Cette recherche a comme objectif d’analyser le discours persuasif dans le cadre du discours religieux. Notre travail dissèque les outils utilisés par les locuteurs pour persuader les auditeurs à l’appui d’un vaste présupposé théorique. Cette thèse s’appui sur les propositions d’étude du domaine de la rhétorique, de l’analyse du discours, de la pragmatique et de la linguistique cognitive.Nous démontrons que ces domaines si différents peuvent être complémentaires dans l’étude des techniques persuasives. Nous avons identifié et analysé certaines opérations cognitives orchestrées par le cerveau humain lors de la persuasion. Ces opérations sont identifiables grâce à des indices linguistiques spécifiques.L’ossature de cette recherche consiste à expliquer comment est structuré le discours religieux et persuasif et de quelles techniques disposent les orateurs. Grâce aux réponses à ces questions centrales, nous sommes en mesure de connaître plus profondément les astuces du discours de la persuasion qui peuvent être utiles bien au-delà du domaine de la linguistique / This research has as an objective analysis of the persuasive speech in the context of religious discourse. Our work dissects the tools used by speakers to persuade listeners to support a broad theoretical assumption. This thesis is supported on the proposed study area Rhetoric of discourse analysis, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics.We show that if these different areas can be complementary in the study of persuasive techniques. We have identified and analyzed some orchestrated by the human brain during cognitive processes of persuasion. These operations are identified by specific linguistic cues.The framework of this research is to explain how the religious structured and persuasive speeches and what techniques have speakers. With answers to these key questions, we are able to know more deeply the tricks of speech of persuasion that can be useful well beyond the field of linguistics

Intense but short-term cloudbursts may cause severe flooding in urban areas. Such short-term cloudbursts mostly are of convective character, where the rain intensity may vary considerably within relatively small areas. Using uniform design rains where maximum intensity is assumed over the whole catchment is common practice in Sweden, though. This risks overestimating the hydraulic responses, and hence lead to overdimensioning of stormwater systems. The objective of this study was to determine how the hydraulic response to cloudbursts is affected by the spatial variation of the rain in relation to the catchment size, aiming to enable improved cloudburst mapping in Sweden. Initially, the spatial variation of heavy rains in Sweden was investigated by studying radar data provided by SMHI. The distribution of rainfall accumulated over two hours from heavy raincells was investigated, based on the assumption that the intensity of convective raincells can be approximated as spatially Gaussian distributed. Based on the results, three Gaussian test rains, whose spatial variation was deemed a representative selection of the radar study, were created. In order to investigate how the hydraulic peak responses differed between the Gaussian test rains and uniform reference rains, both test and reference rains were modeled in MIKE21 Flow model. The modelling was performed on an idealised urban model fitted to Swedish urban conditions, consisting of four nested square catchments of different sizes. The investigated hydraulic peak responses were maximum outflow, proportion flooded area and average maximum water depth. In comparison with spatially varied Gaussian rains centered at the outlets, the uniform design rain with maximum rain volume overestimated the peak hydraulic response with 1-8%, independent of catchment size. Uniform design rains scaled with an area reduction factor (ARF), which is averaging the rainfall of the Gaussian rain over the catchment, instead underestimated the peak response, in comparison with the Gaussian rains. The underestimation of ARF-rains increased heavily with catchment size, from less than 5 % for a catchment area of 4 km2 to 13 - 69 % for a catchment area of 36 km2. The conclusion can be drawn that catchment size ceases to affect the hydraulic peak response when the time it takes for the whole catchment to contribute to the peak response exceeds the time it takes for the peak to be reached. How much the rain varies over the area which is able to contribute to the peak response during the rain event, can be assumed to decide how much a design rain without ARF overestimates the peak responses. If the catchment exceeds this size, an ARF-scaled rain will underestimate the peak responses. This underestimation is amplified with larger catchments. The strong pointiness of the CDS-hyetograph used in the study risks underestimating the differences in hydraulic peak responses between the test rains and a uniform rain without ARF, while the difference between test rains and uniform rains with ARF risks being overestimated. / Intensiva men kortvariga skyfall kan orsaka omfattande översvämningsproblematik i urbana områden. Trots att sådana kortvariga skyfall oftast är av konvektiv karaktär, där regnintensiteten kan variera avsevärt inom relativt små områden, används idag uniforma designregn där maxintensitet antas över hela avrinningsområdet. Detta riskerar att leda till en överskattning av hydrauliska responser, och följaktligen överdimensionering av dagvattensystem. Denna studie syftar till att utreda hur den hydrauliska responsen av skyfall påverkas av regnets spatiala variation, i relation till avrinningsområdets storlek. Ytterst handlar det om att möjliggöra förbättrad skyfallskartering i Sverige. Initialt undersöktes den spatiala variationen hos kraftiga regn i Sverige, genom en studie av radardata tillhandahållen av SMHI. Utbredningen av regnmängd ackumulerad över två timmar från kraftiga regnceller undersöktes utifrån antagandet att intensiteten hos konvektiva regnceller kan approximeras som spatialt gaussfördelad. Baserat på resultatet skapades tre gaussfördelade testregn vars spatiala variation ansågs utgöra ett representativt urval från radarstudien. För att undersöka hur de hydrauliska responserna skiljer sig åt mellan de gaussfördelade testregnen och uniforma referensregn, modellerades såväl test- som referensregn i MIKE 21 Flow model. Modelleringen utfördes på en idealiserad stadsmodell anpassad efter svenska urbana förhållanden, bestående av fyra nästlade kvadratiska avrinningsområden av olika storlekar. De hydrauliska responser som undersöktes var maximalt utflöde, maximal andel översvämmad yta samt medelvärdesbildat maximalvattendjup, alltså toppresponser. Jämfört med spatialt varierade gaussregn centrerade kring utloppen överskattade ett uniformt designregn med testregnens maximala volym de hydrauliska toppresponserna med 1-8 %, oberoende av avrinningsområdets storlek. Uniforma designregn skalade med area reduction factor (ARF), vilken medelvärdesbildar gaussregnets nederbörd över avrinningsområdet, underskattade istället toppresponsen jämfört med gaussregnen. ARF-regnets underskattning ökade kraftigt med avrinningsområdets storlek, från mindre än 5 % för ett avrinningsområde på 4 km2, till 13 - 69 % för ett avrinningsområde på 36 km2. Slutsatsen kan dras att avrinningsområdets storlek upphör att påverka den hydrauliska toppresponsen, då tiden det tar för hela avrinningsområdet att samverka till toppresponsen överstiger tiden till denna respons. Hur mycket regnet varierar över det område som under regnhändelsen hinner samverka till toppresponsen, kan antas avgöra hur mycket ett designregn utan ARF överskattar toppresponserna. Överstiger avrinningsområdet denna storlek kommer ett ARF-regn att underskatta toppresponserna, och underskattningen förstärks med ökande avrinningsområdesstorlek. Den kraftiga temporala toppigheten hos den CDS-hyetograf som användes i studien riskerar att underskatta skillnaderna i hydraulisk topprespons mellan testregnen och ett uniformt regn utan ARF, medan skillnaden mellan testregn och uniforma regn med ARF istället riskerar att överskattas.

The aim of this thesis is a revitalization of the grounds once belonging to Zbrojovka Brno. These grounds are in the zoning map defined as “brownfield”. Within Brno’s limits, the area has an extremely convenient location. Since the grounds are situated in the central part of Brno, the complex is in terms of traffic and transport in the vicinity of both, the current and the newly planned ring-road. Important factors influencing the project are the river Svitava which borders the west side of the area, and a railroad corridor skirting the east side of the location. Assigned area was, for the purposes of this thesis, expanded by the grounds once belonging to Zetor and the adjoining area towards Markéty Kuncové Street. Several buildings from the former grounds, which fit in into the urban concept and were in good technical conditions, have been preserved. From a functional point of view, the newly designed grounds will meet all the requirements for a fully independent municipal district. The multifunctional development contains primarily housing complexes, administrative buildings, public facilities, recreational areas, as well as other functional structures. The urban concept of this project is a result of a study of surrounding blocks. Based on an analysis of the size and height of these buildings, an idealized block was designed and then recreated into a symmetrical raster of blocks with the street width of 20m. This raster was subsequently applied to newly designed points of entry into the area. Total urban and mass proposal of the development areahas been further influenced by principal conceptual points. Among these conceptual points belong the perspective axes which connect the conceptual points with an orientation point, in this case the former factory’s smokestack. Creating a new arm for the Svitava River is another point. Taking into account that the whole vicinity of the factory grounds is without quality public greenery elements.