Interference makes reasoning about imperative programs difficult but it can be controlled syntactically by a language's type system, such as Syntactic Control of Interference (SCI). Haskell is a purely-functional, statically-typed language with a rich type system including algebraic datatypes and type classes. It is popular as a defining language for definitional interpreters of domain-specific languages, making it an ideal candidate for implementation of definitional interpreters for SCI and Syntactic Control of Interference Revisited (SCIR), a variant that improves on SCI. Inference rules and denotational semantics functions are presented for PCF, IA, SCI, and SCIR. An extension to Haskell98 is used to define Haskell functions for those languages' semantics and to define type constructions to statically check their syntax. The results in applied programming language theory demonstrate the suitability and techniques of Haskell for definitional interpretation of languages with rich type systems. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2008-06-10 21:23:33.291

Civilinė teisė jau nuo pat šios teisės šakos atsiradimo Senovės Romoje priskiriama privatinės teisės sričiai, tačiau tai nereiškia, jog valstybė civilinių teisinių santykių dalyviams negali daryti įtakos. Vienas būdų tam yra teisinis reguliavimas imperatyviomis teisės normomis. Toks reguliavimas gali apriboti civilinės apyvartos subjektams galimybę sudaryti jų norimus sandorius, jeigu šie prieštarauja viešajam interesui. Imperatyvią teisės normą identifikuoti nėra taip paprasta, kaip gali pasirodyti – ją vertinant reikia atsižvelgti ne tik į gramatinę jos išraišką, bet ir į tikslus bei uždavinius, objektą ir interesą, kurį ta teisės norma gina, taip pat tos teisės normos sisteminius ryšius su kitomis normomis. Tik nustačius, kad tam tikra teisės norma yra imperatyvi, reikia išsiaiškinti, ar konkretus sandoris sudarytas pažeidžiant šioje normoje įtvirtintą įsakmų reikalavimą arba draudimą ir ar šio pažeidimas lemia būtent sandorio negaliojimą. Lietuvos ir užsienio teisės doktrinoje bei teismų praktikoje pripažįstama, kad sandorių negaliojimo instituto paskirtis – siekti, kad civiliniuose santykiuose būtų užtikrintas teisėtumas, be to įstatymų leidėjas siekia užtikrinti sandorių ir jų pagrindu susiklosčiusių civilinių teisinių santykių stabilumą, apginti civilinių teisinių santykių subjektų teises, įgytas sandorių pagrindu. Šiuos abu tikslus praktikoje suderinti neretai tampa sudėtinga, todėl kyla klausimas, kaip rasti šių įstatymų ginamų vertybių balansą? Be to, minėtus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Civil law is assigned to the area of private law since the emergence of this branch of law in Ancient Rome. But it does not mean that the state can not affect the participants of civil legal relationship. One way to do so is by legal regulation using mandatory rules. Such regulation may restrict ability for entities of civil circulation to create their desired agreements, if they are contrary to the public interest. It is not as easy as it seems to identify mandatory rule – to assess legal norm it is necessary to consider not only grammatical expression, but also goals, tasks, object and interests protected by the legal norm, as well as its systematic connections with other legal norms. After finding that a certain legal rule is imperative, it is necessary to examine if a particular agreement was made in violation of prescriptive requirement or prohibition stated by this mandatory rule and whether consequence of this is the invalidity of the agreement. Legal doctrine and case law in Lithuania and foreign countries recognizes that the purpose of this ground of illegality is to ensure legitimacy in civil relations, in addition to that, it ensures stability of civil circulation. It often becomes difficult to reconcile both of these goals in practice, and the question is how to find the balance between these values protected by law? In addition, these legal values are also protected by other grounds of illegality of agreements, so before choosing the right one, it is worth to... [to full text]

Thesis (Th.M. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (Th.M. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.G.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Sociology and Gerontology, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-49).

abstract: The nature of imperative syntax has remained an elusive, yet ever-present, subject in syntactic research, spanning several decades of linguistic inquiry and analysis, and it is therefore unsurprising that current views on the subject continue to be somewhat divided. This thesis examines the syntactic evidence from imperatives in Old English and ultimately seeks to develop a picture of the possibilities for imperative clauses in OE alongside an overall framework for imperative syntax within contemporary theoretical models of syntactic structure. The general, perceived pattern for OE imperative clauses (e.g. Millward 1971) is “verb−first,” and statistical data from the corpora confirm this perception, with the majority of imperative clauses exhibiting the verb in clause−initial position. Imperative constructions with post− and preverbal overt subjects are also examined at length, and postverbal subjects are found to be the majority case. These results are further expanded by examinations of data from verb−second and verb−third contexts, which include possibilities for topicalized constituents and adverbs. Ultimately, the relative position of both the verb and the subject and the relationship between these and other elements in the totality of the data provide essential clues for constructing a clearer model of OE imperative syntax. Within a relatively rich cartographic framework (Rizzi 1997), I therefore argue that the imperative verb is standardly fronted to the head of ForceP, with the overt subject remaining in spec−FinP, in parallel with other models for imperative syntax and OE syntax. Exceptions to this pattern for imperatives which suggest lower positions for the imperative verb (e.g. verb−second and verb−third constructions) are also accounted for, all with the central goal of demonstrating a consistent pattern underlying the realization of imperative syntax in Old English. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. English 2012

Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T11:58:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rogerio-do-amaral.pdf: 658576 bytes, checksum: 8841f3bae71e1d82d54772760a09e292 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T11:58:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rogerio-do-amaral.pdf: 658576 bytes, checksum: 8841f3bae71e1d82d54772760a09e292 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T11:58:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rogerio-do-amaral.pdf: 658576 bytes, checksum: 8841f3bae71e1d82d54772760a09e292 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-25 / A partir da consciência do dever, a liberdade humana deve ser entendida, segundo Kant, como condição e fundamento da lei moral. De que modo conciliar, entretanto, a liberdade das ações com a obediência a uma lei? A fim de responder a essa questão, trata-se de distinguir os conceitos kantianos de "liberdade transcendental", "liberdade prática" e "autonomia". Em linhas gerais, a liberdade transcendental depende da solução da Crítica da razão pura à terceira antinomia, operada pela distinção fenômeno/coisa em si, que torna as afirmações sobre a necessidade da natureza e sobre a liberdade da vontade proposições não contraditórias. Por sua vez, a liberdade prática, ainda de acordo com a primeira Crítica, designa aquilo que comumente se entende por livre-arbítrio, pressuposto da responsabilidade moral dos agentes. Quanto ao conceito kantiano de autonomia, ele é tematizado explicitamente, pela primeira vez, na Fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes, e apresenta-se como a terceira dentre as fórmulas principais do imperativo categórico, aquela que ―unifica em si as outras duas‖, isto é, as fórmulas da lei universal e da humanidade. Repensar, a partir de Kant, uma ética do dever, diferentemente de uma ética da virtude, e o problema da liberdade humana exige o estudo desses dois textos, escolhidos como etapas obrigatórias para quaisquer tentativas de reelaboração dessas questões tradicionais em termos contemporâneos. / According to Kant, human freedom is the ground of moral law. In what sense, however, freedom of action agrees with obedience to law? To answer this question it is necessary to distinguish Kant's concepts of "transcendental freedom", "practical freedom" and "autonomy". In the Critique of Pure Reason, transcendental freedom depends on the solution of the third antinomy. The thesis on the freedom of the will and the antithesis on the necessity of nature can be considered as non-contradictory statements by means of the distinction between phenomenon and noumenon. Still according to the first Critique, practical freedom refers to what is commonly meant by free choice, and concerns to the moral responsibility of agents. Finally, as to the Kantian concept of autonomy, it is subject of the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. It consists of the third among the three main formulas of the categorical imperative, and "unites in itself the other two", the formula of universal law and the formula of humanity. Any attempt to understand, in contemporary terms, the problem of human freedom as well as an ethics of duty require the analysis of these Kantian concepts.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_hjs_me_mar.pdf: 427980 bytes, checksum: a42bbaabdb2f039edea37cf64bff8501 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes tem por finalidade encontrar o princípio supremo da moralidade. Segundo Kant, somente a razão é suficientemente capaz de fornecer, totalmente a priori, o princípio incondicionado da moralidade. Surge, porém, um problema: por que é que devemos nos submeter à lei moral? O que é capaz de motivar o homem a agir conforme o imperativo categórico e, portanto, moralmente? O presente trabalho pretende examinar, a partir dos apontamentos realizados por Kant, como pode o homem agir motivado pela lei, motivação esta necessária para que a moral se estabeleça. / The Groundwork Metaphysic of Morals is to find the supreme principle of morality. According to Kant, the only reason is sufficiently capable of providing, quite a priori, the principle unconditional of morality. Appears, however, a problem: why should we submit to the moral law? What is able to motivate a man to act as the categorical imperative and therefore morally? This study seeks to examine, from notes made by Kant, as can the man acts motivated by the law, the motivation necessary for the moral is established.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1939.pdf: 474928 bytes, checksum: c158b1f4b0427b40b371b1abeaf36e72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-02-29 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The aim of this dissertation is to present Schopenhauer's Metaphysics with a view to analysing the categorical imperative, a key concept of kantian morality. Our analysis shall indicate that the reason is merely an instrument of the will, which demands a refusal of the categorical imperative and the recognition of compassion as the cornerstone of morals. / O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar a Metafísica da Vontade de Schopenhauer, com o intuito de analisar o imperativo categórico, conceito chave da Moral de Kant. Para tanto, demonstramos a tese de que a razão não passa de um instrumento da vontade. O que implica na refutação do imperativo categórico e, no estabelecimento da compaixão como fundamento da moral.

abstract: Graph theory is a critical component of computer science and software engineering, with algorithms concerning graph traversal and comprehension powering much of the largest problems in both industry and research. Engineers and researchers often have an accurate view of their target graph, however they struggle to implement a correct, and efficient, search over that graph. To facilitate rapid, correct, efficient, and intuitive development of graph based solutions we propose a new programming language construct - the search statement. Given a supra-root node, a procedure which determines the children of a given parent node, and optional definitions of the fail-fast acceptance or rejection of a solution, the search statement can conduct a search over any graph or network. Structurally, this statement is modelled after the common switch statement and is put into a largely imperative/procedural context to allow for immediate and intuitive development by most programmers. The Go programming language has been used as a foundation and proof-of-concept of the search statement. A Go compiler is provided which implements this construct. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Software Engineering 2018