Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erika Campanharo de Moraes.pdf: 1175575 bytes, checksum: ea51b47d2110101e9f502425979fde10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / Micro and small businesses as well as individual micro-entrepreneurs are important for job creation and economic dynamism. Studies show that these businesses, when created and/or developed in business incubators, survive longer in the market than those that are created and developed alone. In this context, the company incubators stand out as important organizations for the whole society. There are several modes of operation, and one of them includes the development of businesses called inclusive, social and/or with social impact. The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of a social incubator that develops inclusive business through its activities, results and social impacts, by means of the perception of the incubator coordinator and entrepreneurs that have been incubated. To achieve this objective, a qualitative empirical research was made with a social incubator called Escola Empreendedora da Fundação Jari. From the case study of this work, it was found that social incubators have similar practices of technology and traditional base companies´ incubators, but also adopt other practices to better meet the needs of your target audience. Among other practices, can be highlighted: the phase of pre-incubation, corresponding to a training and preparation prior to entry into the incubator, and income generation at the beginning stage of incubation, since the income is needed to keep participants in the project by providing basic needs. The Social Incubator of Escola Empreendedora de Corte e Costura da Fundação Jari has shown itself to be an important organization for the integration of people in disadvantaged conditions in the production chain. The first incubation cycle enabled four women to undertake their own businesses, and one of them is no longer dependent on a government welfare program. In addition, the incubator could also be recognized for facilitating the entry of people into the labor market, during the training phase of pre-incubation and even during incubation, in which the professionals had the opportunity to gain experience by means of a corporate internship. Therefore, the incubator developed business and attracted experienced workers to the labor market. Therefore, this study is relevant as contributing to the debate about the role of social incubators / Os micros e pequenos negócios, bem como os microempreendedores individuais, são importantes para a geração de emprego e o dinamismo da economia. Estudos comprovam que esses negócios, quando criados e/ou desenvolvidos em incubadoras de empresas, sobrevivem mais no mercado em relação àqueles que foram criados e desenvolvidos sozinhos. Nesse contexto, as incubadoras de empresa se destacam como uma importante organização para toda a sociedade. Há diversas modalidades de atuação, e uma delas inclui o desenvolvimento de negócios chamados de inclusivos, sociais e/ou de impacto social. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar a atuação de uma incubadora social de negócio inclusivo considerando suas atividades, resultados e impactos sociais conforme são percebidos pelo coordenador da incubadora e pelos empreendedores que passaram pelo processo de incubação. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica qualitativa com a incubadora social da Escola Empreendedora da Fundação Jari. A partir do estudo de caso deste trabalho, foi possível identificar que incubadoras sociais possuem práticas semelhantes às incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica e tradicional, porém adotam outras para melhor atingir as necessidades de seu público-alvo. Dentre as outras práticas, pode-se destacar: a fase da pré-incubação, que corresponde a um treinamento e preparo prévio para o ingresso na incubadora, e a geração de renda na fase da incubação, uma vez que a renda se faz necessária para manter os participantes no projeto, pois é utilizada para necessidades básicas. A incubadora social da Escola Empreendedora de Corte e Costura se mostrou como uma importante organização para a inserção de pessoas em condições menos favorecidas na cadeia produtiva. O primeiro ciclo de incubação tornou possível que quatro mulheres empreendessem seus próprios negócios, e uma delas deixou de ser dependente de um programa assistencialista do governo. Além disso, a incubadora também pôde ser reconhecida por facilitar a entrada de pessoas no mercado de trabalho, na fase de capacitação da pré-incubação e até mesmo durante a incubação, na qual as profissionais tiveram a oportunidade de adquirir experiência nos moldes de um estágio corporativo. Portanto, a incubadora desenvolveu empresas e também mão de obra experiente para trabalho assalariado. Assim, este estudo mostra-se relevante por contribuir com o debate a respeito da atuação das incubadoras sociais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3745.pdf: 1636523 bytes, checksum: ff291395015622539adb5578d94e1b7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / The Business Startup Incubator took a role in promoting interaction between the Public and Private Entities, with the aim to accelerate the cooperation between Universities, Research Centers, the Public and Private Companies. This cooperation is essential for the generation of more research, development and innovation in Brazilian companies. The growing number of Business Startup Incubators was stimulated by agents that are betting that these units can contribute to generating new business enterprise competitive and innovative. Companies participating in the hatching process (pass a certain period in the incubators) receive support in the areas of management, with courses, training and consulting for management training and actions in the area of marketing and sales that give subsidies to compete in the business highly competitive market. In this context, descriptive and exploratory, using a case study on the Business Development Center Business Incubator Jau / SP, aims to understand the process of locating the incubators, in particular the Business Incubator Jau, the interaction between public and private entities involved in the project business incubator, and finally its potential. Data collection was conducted through interviews with a sample of entrepreneurs who participated in the process of incubation in the Business Incubator Jau, using an instrument developed for this purpose, which allowed these companies to characterize and identify their perception regarding the benefits and difficulties of the Business Incubator program in Jau. Through the data obtained, it was observed that the interviewed companies consider important training in business management, stock sales and marketing, research and development, and have adequate infrastructure. These entrepreneurs in the data presented realize tangible benefits in the incubation period, though, demonstrate several difficulties, most pronounced in the case of the infrastructure program in Jau. From the work experience and support of many incubators in Brazil may point to this program as a generator of competitive initiatives, but to do so, it should be a strengthened network of public and private entities with specific purpose in generating ventures competitive and innovative. / As Incubadoras de Empresas assumiram um papel relevante na promoção da interação entre as Entidades Públicas e Privadas, com o propósito de acelerar a cooperação entre Universidades, Centros de Pesquisa, o Poder Público e as Empresas Privadas. Esta cooperação é fundamental para a geração de mais pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação nas empresas brasileiras. O crescimento do número de Incubadoras de Empresas foi estimulado por atores que apostam que essas unidades podem contribuir para a geração de novos negócios empresariais competitivos e inovadores. As empresas que participam do processo de incubação (passam um determinado período nas incubadoras) recebem apoio nas áreas de gestão, com cursos, treinamentos e consultorias, para capacitação gerencial e com ações na área de marketing e vendas que dão subsídios para o empresário competir no mercado altamente concorrido. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo entender o processo de implantação das Incubadoras, em especial da Incubadora de Empresas de Jaú; a interação entre as entidades públicas e privadas envolvidas no projeto incubadora de empresas, e por fim suas potencialidades. Nesse contexto foi realizado um estudo de caso sobre o Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Empresarial Incubadora de Empresas de Jaú/SP. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas com uma amostra de empresários, que participaram do processo de incubação na Incubadora de Empresas de Jaú, utilizando instrumento elaborado para esse fim, que permitiu caracterizar essas empresas e identificar a percepção destes com relação aos benefícios e dificuldades do programa Incubadora de Empresas em Jaú. Através dos dados obtidos, foi possível observar que as empresas entrevistadas consideram importante a capacitação em gestão empresarial, de ações em marketing e vendas, pesquisa e desenvolvimento, e ter infra-estrutura adequada. Estes empresários percebem benefícios concretos no período de incubação, embora, demonstrem várias dificuldades, mais acentuadas, no caso da infra-estrutura do programa em Jaú. A partir da pesquisa realizada e apoio na experiência das inúmeras incubadoras existentes pelo Brasil pode-se apontar este programa como gerador de iniciativas competitivas, mas para tanto, deve-se existir uma rede fortalecida de entidades públicas e privadas com finalidade especifica na geração de empreendimentos competitivos e inovadores.

Genom tidigare studier kan det konstateras att det råder problematik kring entreprenörskap i modebranschen vilket avsaknaden av rätt resurser, främst brist på affärskunskap, ligger tillgrund för. För att få hjälp med detta söker sig många startup-bolag till inkubatorer vars uppgift är att ge stöd i grundandet och utvecklandet av ett företag genom att bidra med just resurser. Grundat i detta syftar denna studie till att undersöka inkubatorsprocessen från företagens perspektiv, med fokus på vilka resurser företagen upplever saknas hos inkubatorn. Fortsättningsvis undersöks även vad avsaknaden av resurser beror på, samt hur denna avsaknad påverkar företagens konkurrenskraftighet. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av Barneys (1991) teoretiska modell the Resource BasedView, RBV, och senare forskning som är grundat utifrån modellen. RBV används i studien för att kategorisera de resurser som nämns i empirin, samt för att kunna analysera och förstå hur de avsaknande resurserna påverkar företagen ur ett konkurrenskraftigt perspektiv. Genom ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt genomfördes studien som en fallstudie på Borås INK, Sveriges främsta inkubator för textil- och modeföretag. Empiri samlades in genomsemistrukturerade intervjuer i kombination med dokumentstudier, där dokument relaterade tillinkubatorverksamheten studerats, för att få en bild av den process Borås INK använder sig av. Intervjuerna har genomförts dels med en informant från Borås INK, dels med informanter frånföretag som genomfört inkubatorsprocessen. Resultatet från empirin påvisar att företagen saknar flera resurser hos inkubatorn. Närmare bestämt identifieras elva avsaknader av resurser, där de främsta avsaknaderna är relaterade tillhumana och organisationella resurser. Vidare identifieras en upplevd variation blandinformanterna som förklaras av en variation av handledare. Det argumenteras därför för att det kan finnas ett samband mellan de olika resursavsaknaderna, då en del av de avsaknade humanaresurserna eventuellt faktiskt finns i inkubatorns organisation, men den organisationellaf örmågan att hantera resurser saknas. Vad som avslutningsvis konstateras i denna studie är att en avsaknad av humana och organisationella resurser hos inkubatorer kan resultera i att företagspotentiella konkurrenskraftighet inte blir fullt nyttjad. Således lämnar studien ett teoretiskt bidrag genom ökad förståelse om inkubatorer samt hur avsaknader av resurser hos inkubatorer skulle kunna påverka inkuberade företagskonkurrenskraftighet. Dessutom ger studien ett praktiskt bidrag till inkubatorsverksamheter genom att identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter. Denna uppsats är skriven på svenska. / Through previous studies, it can be stated that there are problems regarding entrepreneurship in the fashion industry which the lack of the right resources, mainly the lack of business knowledge, is the basis for. To get help with this, many start-ups seek out incubators whose task is to provide support in founding and developing a company by contributing resources. Based on this, this study aims to examine the incubator process from the companies perspective, with a focus on what resources the companies think are lacking within the incubator. Furthermore, it is investigated what the lack of resources is due to, and how the lack of resources affects companies' competitiveness. The study's theoretical framework consists of Barney's (1991) theoretical model Resource-Based View, RBV, and more recent research that is based on this model. RBV is in the study used to categorize the resources mentioned in the empirical data, and to be able to analyze and understand how the lack of resources affects companies from a competitive perspective. Through a qualitative approach, the study was conducted as a single case study at Borås INK, Sweden’s leading incubator for textile and fashion companies. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews in combination with document studies, where documents related to the incubator were studied, in order to get an idea of the process Borås INK uses. The interviews were conducted partly with an informant from Borås INK but also with informants from companies that carried out the incubator process. The results from the empirical data show that companies lack several resources within the incubator. More specifically, could 11 themes be identified, the main shortcomings of which are related to human and organizational resources. Furthermore, a perceived variation among the informants is identified, which is explained by a variation of supervisors. For that reason, various resource shortages may be explained by the incubator’s organizational deficiency in managing these resources, despite the fact that they potentially exist within its organization. What is concluded in this study is that a lack of human and organizational resources within incubators may result in companies' potential competitiveness through other resources not beingfully utilized. Thus, the study makes a theoretical contribution through an increased understanding of incubators and how lack of resources within incubators could affect the competitiveness of incubated companies. In addition, the study makes a practical contribution to incubators byidentifying opportunities for improvement. This paper is written in Swedish.

Starting the own business is sometimes a dream sometimes a nightmare but undoubtedly from a macro-economic perspective it is considered to be a promising concept to secure long-term economic growth and society’s welfare, at least in Germany. Strong efforts were made to support start ups and potential entrepreneurs to run their own business. A plethora of programs were launched which were supposed to facilitate the start up process – but reality is disenchanting: The published data in the 2004 GEM indicate that the idea of an entrepreneurial society in Germany is still far beyond its realization. Germany ranks 17th out of 31 GEM states in terms of “nascent entrepreneurs” and only 22nd regarding the “young entrepreneurs”. Compared to other GEM countries the German adults are considered to be more pessimistic in terms of entrepreneurial issues: The chances of establishing a successful business are evaluated lower than the years before. On the other hand the context factors which are considered to influence the start up opportunities especially in terms of governmental support and physical infrastructure were evaluated to be one of the best. Especially concerning the latter aspect strong efforts have been made to support entrepreneurs. In this context, and maybe because of - A “… post-1970s fascination with ‘high-tech’ regions worldwide” (Cooke/Leydesdorff 2006: 9), - A continuous liberalization of the world market and its impact on national production systems (which is well discussed in the context of the conversion of cooperatives), or - The dawn of the concept of national innovations systems (e.g. Lundvall 1988; Cozzens et al. 1990), For more than two decades, one promising concept of sustaining entrepreneurs was seen in the idea of incubators1 which mainly offer support in terms of infrastructure and funding opportunities. Meantime, we observe that questions emerge of how effective and efficient incubators work as one major instrument of macroentrepreneurial (Van de Veen 1995, Chiles/Meyer 2001) activities in order to facilitate start ups and to support the first steps of a new business from its start to its growth. The value of the incubator model as an effective means of technology and knowledge transfer especially from universities is continually discussed and questioned (Cunningham 1999). For example, a study run by Allen and Kahman (1985) concluded that incubators are tools for developing enterprises which create a positive environment for small businesses to succeed. Indeed, lots of studies brought up that incubators are an efficient and effective way to sustain spin-out processes and to contribute to regional development and prosperity. However, on the other hand some shortcomings are obvious: Finer and Holberton (2000) take into question the incubator model because it takes the initiative away from the start-up team. The paper refers to these observations. We assume by means of some international empirical studies that the functions of incubators are enhanced as a result of a (evolutional) learning process. On this basis we derive hypothesis about the dealing with the upcoming challenges and provide further research questions in an explorative way. Paragraph 2 introduces a three phased model of business incubators and classifies existing incubators. It will be obvious, that there is an increasing amount of functions that are allocated by incubators. Within paragraph 3 we examine recent developments from a macroeconomic perspective and contrast to this the evolution of incubators. Paragraph 4 presents two types of incubators that take these 1 In the context of this paper we primarly refer to non-profit incubators. contradictions into account and offers an alternative coping. Summarizing, we give an outlook on further research questions which will substantiate the evolutionary perspective on incubators.

Entrepreneurship is frequently linked together with aspects of economic growth and development. In the last 40 years, an increasing number of incubators and service providers have been created to stimulate entrepreneurship and innovation. However, in the increasingly globalized and digitalized world, few virtual and digital initiatives have successfully been studied to encourage and facilitate entrepreneurship. This study aims to understand further how digital and virtual products and services can aid entrepreneurs in venture creation and potentially add to an updated and broader understanding of the potential in a virtual incubator program. By looking at three categories of entrepreneurial support actors, traditional public incubators, private incubators, and digital service providers. 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain more in-depth knowledge of how they operate. More specifically, this study is conducted with actors that share the vision to assist startup in their initial phase and create a deeper understanding of what the incubator offers to startups and the possibility to adapt and improve their process using digital tools and external partnerships. Results indicate that the use of digital tools is varied. Incubators are leaning towards relying more on social media for reaching potential entrepreneurs and ideas, and further that a factor of validating every aspect of the startup is essential to promote success. The incubator mainly acts as a mediator of network, funding, coaching, and finding talents has during the COVID-19 pandemic moved most of their activities from physical to online. The issue of trust-building is, however, still prominent, and the incubators are looking for ways and tools to improve on this issue. Implications of this study have the potential to lower barriers to entrepreneurship, where entrepreneurial support becomes less dependent on their local ecosystem and geographical factors. Future research is encouraged to classify virtual incubators and a further look at specific cases and pursuit more longitudinal studies to fully understand the potential effects and implications. This study contributes to the field of incubators and entrepreneurial support and the ongoing digital paradigm shift.

A great challenge for startup companies is the lack of market knowledge and access to resources. Knowledge and resources can be acquired through networking, however, as many startup companies are young and unknown, they have difficulties establishing themselves in relevant networks. Incubators have for many years been an important instrument for the development of new companies and regional development. One important segment incubators offers startup companies is the access to a network. Networking establishes connections and strengthens relationships, which promotes a richer social capital. The purpose of the study is studying which factors of an incubator that impacts a startup companies’ development of social capital through networking and the challenges associated with networking. The underlying idea in the study is that the association with an incubator can strengthen the startup company’s legitimacy and develop the startup company's social capital by offering access to a network. For a young and unknown company, legitimacy and trust are important elements for network establishment. Young companies that are run by founders without previous qualifications often lack legitimacy and become just one of many others who tries to be heard in the startup business noise. The study uses a qualitative approach and three semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from two incubator firms and one industry organization that specializes in networking. The data was analyzed through a deductive thematic analysis. The theoretical field which the study is based on comes from theories within the business administration field and concerning entrepreneurship, organizational networks, business incubators and the creation of social capital within an organizational environment. The study finds that the association with an incubator can increase the company's legitimacy in the form of competency-based trust, which is based on knowledge or involvement with another actor. However, the study finds trust that is based on the founder’s reputation and past experience has a greater legitimating effect compared to only being associated with an incubator. The study also finds that the network an incubator makes available to startup companies consist of a network within the incubators own ecosystem. Network ties consist of specialized mentors with a recognized good level of knowledge within a certain or several fields, as well as incubator management, which can be interpreted as, the incubator offers a qualitative social capital which startup companies can acquire knowledge and resources from.  The study finds that aspiring Born Global founders who wants access to an international network should first review what type of network the incubator can offer. The study identifies the challenges associated with networking through an incubator. Internal networking is challenged by competition between companies, a perception that networking does not add any value, and fear of accidentally sharing technological secrets, which shifts companies from interacting and generating a richer social capital to become isolated or more focused on already established contacts the founder trusts. Challenges linked to networking with mentors includes the lack of truthfulness and complete transparency. Challenges linked to external networking outside the incubator’s ecosystem may include stakeholder recommendations to only network within the incubator's own ecosystem. / En stor utmaning för startupbolag är bristen på marknadskunskaper och tillgång till resurser. Kunskaper och resurser kan förvärvas genom nätverkande, men då många startupbolag är unga och okända har de svårt att etablera sig i relevanta nätverk. Inkubatorer har i många år varit ett viktigt instrument för att utveckla nyföretagande och regional utveckling. En viktig del inkubatorn erbjuder startupbolag är tillgången till ett nätverk.Genom nätverkande etableras förbindelser och stärks relationer, vilket leder till ett rikare socialt kapital. Studiens syfte är att studera vilka faktorer hos en inkubator som påverkar utvecklingen av socialt kapital genom nätverkande och de utmaningar som föreligger med nätverkande. Den bakomliggande idén i studien är att associationen med en inkubator kan stärka startupbolagets legitimitet samt utveckla startupbolagets sociala kapital genom att inkubatorn erbjuder tillgång till ett nätverk. För det unga och okända bolaget är legitimitet och tillit viktiga faktorer för etablering i nätverk. Unga bolag som drivs av en entreprenör utan tidigare meriter saknar ofta legitimitet och blir därför en av många andra som försöker höras i bruset. Studien använder en kvalitativ ansats där tre semi-strukturerade intervjuer utförts med representanter från två inkubatorverksamheter och en branschorganisation som specialiserar sig på nätverkande. Data analyserades genom en deduktiv tematisk analys. Det teoretiska fältet som studien baserar sig kommer från teorier inom det företagsekonomiska fältet och rörande entreprenörskap, organisatoriska nätverk, företagsinkubatorer och skapandet av socialt kapital inom en organisatorisk miljö.Studien finner att medlemskapet hos en inkubator kan höja startupbolagets legitimitet i form av kompetensbaserade tillit, vilket grundar sig på kunskaper eller involvering med en annan aktör. Studien finner dock att tillit som grundar sig på bolagsgrundarens tidigare erfarenheter och rykte på marknaden har en större legitimerande effekt jämfört med att endast ingå hos en inkubator. Studien finner även att nätverket inkubatorn gör tillgängligt för startupbolagen består av ett nätverk inom ramen av inkubatorprogrammets egna ekosystem. Nätverksförbindelser inkubatorn erbjuder består av specialiserade mentorer med erkänt goda kunskaper inom ett eller flera områden samt programmets ledning, vilket kan tolkas som att inkubatorn främjar utvecklingen av ett kvalitativt socialt kapital där nödvändiga kunskaper och resurser kan förvärvas.  Studien finner även att aspirerande Born Globals grundare som vill ha tillgång till ett internationellt nätverk först bör granska vilket typ av nätverk inkubatorn kan erbjuda. Studien identifierar de utmaningar som finns förknippat med nätverkande genom en inkubator. Det interna nätverkandet utmanas av konkurrens mellan bolag, uppfattningen att nätverkade inte tillför något värde, samt en rädsla för att råka dela med sig av teknologiska hemligheter, vilket skiftar bolagen från att interagera och utveckla ett rikare socialt kapital till att bli isolerade eller mer fokuserade på att endast nätverka med redan etablerade kontakter grundaren har tillit till. Hinder för nätverkande med mentorer omfattar avsaknaden av öppenhet och full transparens. Hinder kopplat till extern nätverkande utanför inkubatorns ekosystem kan innefatta rekommendationer från intressenter att endast nätverka inom inkubatorns egna ekosystem.

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The idea of rhythm as applied to interior space is the basis for this thesis. The site is an old warehouse with a structure that contains a repetitive rhythm in the form of a columnar grid and a corresponding fenestration pattern, yet the building also has an atypical wedge shape. The program is a design business incubator, a place where design business startups, recent graduates of Virginia design programs, can begin their design careers and find their rhythm in a cooperative and supportive environment, a collage of design businesses, if you will. Rhythm is essential in our lives, from the beating of our hearts to the rising and setting of the sun. Rhythm is also essential to spatial design. Our built environments require some form of pattern in order to help create a sense of stability and familiarity with our surroundings. Whether in music or painting, poetry or design, rhythm starts with simple repetition. But rhythm moves beyond mere repetition to include a diverse assortment of elements. The more complex a rhythm, the more we can become involved with that rhythm and consequently with the object that provides the rhythm. How does rhythm translate into space and time? How is it possible to develop a more complex and expressive rhythm in a particular space? What might be considered more expressive? How can this old warehouse function as a design business incubator while new rhythms are introduced into the mix of old rhythms through the fulfillment of this program and thereby create a collage of space?

Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados obtidos do estudo sobre a sobrevivência de empresas de base tecnológica (EBTs) pós-incubadas, a partir da ação empreendedora. A hipótese nula formulada, segundo a qual as ações do empreendedor para mobilização e uso dos recursos não influenciam a sobrevivência das empresas de base tecnológica pós-incubadas foi testada e rejeitada. Dessa forma, foi observado que tais ações influenciam positivamente a sobrevivência de EBTs. A diretriz teórica que orientou este estudo foi a da teoria da visão baseada em recursos, que aborda a função dos recursos na sobrevivência de empresas. Utilizaram-se dois enfoques de pesquisa, de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, a partir do uso dos métodos survey e estudo de caso. O survey foi realizado com uma amostra não probabilística de 92 empresas, extraídas de um universo de 1025 EBTs pós-incubadas. As técnicas utilizadas para tratamento e análise dos dados foram de estatística descritiva e Modelagem em Equações Estruturais com estimação por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-PM). O estudo qualitativo foi realizado a partir do método de estudo de caso e investigou três unidades de pesquisa a partir de critérios pré-estabelecidos. Os achados da pesquisa demonstraram que há uma relação entre recursos e sobrevivência de empresas, confirmando conhecimentos anteriores da teoria da visão baseada em recursos. Achados mais específicos revelaram que o conjunto de ações dos empreendedores, e não ações isoladas, realizadas para mobilizar e usar os recursos foram determinantes para sustentar a sobrevivência das EBTs estudadas. As ações realizadas foram para contratação de técnicos e gerentes, obtenção de recursos financeiros por meio de capital próprio ou de capitalistas de risco, obtenção de recursos por meio financiamentos ou subvenções, aquisição de equipamentos, softwares e demais infraestrutura física de pesquisa, realização de patenteamento e aquisição de licenças. Resultados relacionados aos recursos de conhecimento também demonstraram que as empresas pesquisadas não são geradoras de inovações radicais. Na sua maioria, essas empresas aperfeiçoam tecnologias já existentes, gerando, portanto, inovações incrementais. / This research presents the results obtained from the study about the survival of technology-based firms (TBFs) post-incubated, from the entrepreneurial action. The null hypothesis formulated, according to which the actions of the entrepreneur for mobilization and use of resources does not influence the survival of technology-based companies post-incubated was tested and rejected. Thus, it was observed that such actions positively influence the survival of TBFs. The theoretical guideline that oriented this study was the theory of the resource-based view, which addresses the role of resources in the survival of companies. We used two approaches to research, quantitative and qualitative, from the use of survey and case study methods. The survey was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 92 companies, drawn from a universe of 1025 post-incubated TBFs. The techniques used for processing and data analysis were descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling with estimation by partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The qualitative study was performed using the case study method and investigated three research units from preestablished criteria. The research findings showed that there is a relationship between resources and survival of businesses, confirming previous knowledge of the theory of resource-based view. More specific findings revealed that the set of entrepreneurial actions, not isolated actions, undertaken to mobilize and use resources were crucial to sustain the survival of TBFs studied. The actions were taken to hiring managers and technicians, obtaining funds through equity or venture capitalists, obtaining funds through financing or grants, purchase of equipment, software and other physical infrastructure for research, patenting and acquisition of licenses. Results related to knowledge resources also showed that the surveyed companies are not generating radical innovations. Most of these companies improve existing technologies, generating, therefore, incremental innovations.

A presente tese tem por objetivo traçar um perfil dos empreendedores universitários atuantes em incubadoras de empresas e empresas juniores. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa junto a estudantes de engenharia, integrantes da POLI-Júnior, e empresários envolvidos em inovação tecnológica, incubados no CIETEC. Após uma breve apresentação, no primeiro capítulo, procuramos conceituar quem são os empreendedores. Exibiremos também, no primeiro capítulo, alguns dados acerca da recente expansão na criação de incubadoras de empresas e empresas juniores no Brasil. No segundo capítulo, fizemos uma revisão bibliográfica a partir das contribuições que a economia e a sociologia do conhecimento deram ao tema. Preferimos enquadrar o problema de pesquisa no bojo da teoria dos campos. No terceiro capítulo, o tema da tese é situado no quadro histórico das políticas públicas para C&T e da trajetória da comunidade de pesquisa brasileira. No quarto capítulo, apresentamos a amostra e o âmbito de pesquisa, os métodos e técnicas empregados no trabalho de campo. Lançamos ainda hipóteses conforme as quais o empreendedorismo representaria a nova face das recentes tentativas de reforma universitária e estreitamento das relações entre pesquisa e mercado. No quinto capítulo, apresentamos e analisamos os resultados das observações e das entrevistas, por meio das quais testamos nossas hipóteses. Por fim, fechamos com uma breve conclusão onde estão resumidas nossas contribuições e onde refletimos acerca das ampliações e limitações desta tese. / This thesis aims to draw a profile of university entrepreneurs today actives in business incubators and junior companies. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative research with engineering students (members of the POLI-Junior), and entrepreneurs engaged in technological innovation (incubated in CIETEC). After a brief introduction, in the first chapter, we try to conceptualize who are the entrepreneurs. Also, we display some data about the recent expansion in the creation of business incubators and junior companies in Brazil. In the second chapter, we made a review of the available literature from the contributions that the economy and the sociology of knowledge gave the theme. We prefer to frame the research problem in the field theory. In the third chapter, the topic of the thesis is situated in the historical framework of public policies for S&T and the trajectory of Brazilian research community. In the fourth chapter, we present the sample and the scope of research, the methods and techniques employed in the empirical research. We also launched hypothesis according to which entrepreneurship represent the new face of recent attempts to university reforms and closer relations between research and market. In the fifth chapter, we present and analyze the results of observations and interviews, through which we test our hypotheses. Finally, we close the work with a brief conclusion, where our contributions are summarized and where we reflect about the extensions and limitations of this thesis.