Background: The companies of Industry 4.0 need to invest in digitalising their organizations as software is growing into a decisive manufacturing determinant. Especially in the SaaS business and the transformation to Industry 4.0, there are many small companies that are driving the transformation while competing for market share. In this context, the SaaS providers need to develop an understanding of the success of their solution. While the Information Systems Success Model by DeLone and McLean has found some application in the context of SaaS solutions, there is no specific model for the SaaS industry. Furthermore, there is the underlying need to understand which antecedents cause or influence the success of an information system. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an Information Systems Success Model for Software-as-a-Service companies and to understand the antecedents and their relationships to the success of SaaS solutions from the SaaS provider’s point of view. Method: This study followed an abductive approach due to the possibility to simultaneously review existing theory and examine the empirical findings in the analysis. Furthermore, an exploratory study was conducted utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data was gathered through a standardized online survey of the customers of a SaaS provider and then analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with SaaS providers, SaaS customers, and researchers of related fields and then analysed using a hermeneutic data analysis approach. The results of both methods were then triangulated to create the adapted model. Conclusion: Three antecedents of information systems success in the SaaS context were identified as part of this study. The antecedents are Management Support, User Involvement, and Trust. These antecedents can be used as levers by the SaaS provider to steer the success of their solution. Furthermore, the antecedents are integrated in a comprehensive Information Systems Success Model to measure and understand the success of SaaS solutions from the SaaS provider’s point of view.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T12:01:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS AUR?LIO BEHRENS.pdf: 3872179 bytes, checksum: edb54d47e1f7953187e4e8675003302b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T12:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS AUR?LIO BEHRENS.pdf: 3872179 bytes, checksum: edb54d47e1f7953187e4e8675003302b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-08 / The objective of this work is to monitor the electrical equipment of a production line, aiming at monitoring in real time the state of the operation of the monitored machines, allowing the accomplishment of equipment management and early detection of operational deviations and faults. The developed system performs the measurement of the effective electric current through monitored equipment, use a network of sensors connected to a data concentrator module, which in turn performs the intermediate storage, the preliminary treatment of the data and the subsequent send an Internet platform of Things (Internet of Things - IoT). The preliminary treatment of data for analysis of the time series of values of electric currents to obtain an initial evaluation of the state of operation of the monitored machine. Then, the pre-processed information is sent via the internet, a usage platform for term storage, post-processing and real-time visualization of the data by users of interest. In the data platform, the data is formatted for visualization and evaluation of the users, allowing the presentation of alerts and knowledge when deviations are detected in relation to the normal operational parameters. When a current consumption behavior deviation is detected, correlating a potential failure type, the system signals additional information to a User's interest group (to the supervisor of the production line, for example), which in a planned manner, proceeds to some intervention without equipment, without prejudice of the production. The availability of the full-time series of stored data as well as the history of occurrences recorded throughout the use of the monitoring system but is still looking for correlations between data of other origins and nature, and the interpretation of the same data under other perspectives beyond the operation or maintenance of the machine. The monitoring system proposed in this work allows to provide a minimum of automation in old machines and opens the possibility of independent, parallel and non-intrusive monitoring in machines that already have a modern supervisory system. An industry that achieves the goal of making all its production equipment fully monitored is credited to take the next step towards Industry 4.0. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um sistema de monitoramento de equipamentos el?tricos de uma linha de produ??o, visando o acompanhamento em tempo real do estado de opera??o das m?quinas monitoradas, permitindo a realiza??o da gest?o de opera??o desses equipamentos e a detec??o antecipada de desvios operacionais e de falhas. O sistema desenvolvido realiza a medi??o da corrente el?trica eficaz consumida pelos equipamentos monitorados, utilizando uma rede de sensores conectados a um m?dulo concentrador de dados, que por sua vez realiza o armazenamento intermedi?rio, o tratamento preliminar dos dados e o posterior envio a uma plataforma de Internet da Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT). O tratamento preliminar de dados visa ? an?lise da s?rie temporal dos valores das correntes el?tricas com o fim de obter uma avalia??o inicial do estado de opera??o da m?quina monitorada. Em seguida, essas informa??es pr?-processadas s?o enviadas via internet a uma plataforma de IoT com o objetivo de armazenamento a longo prazo, p?s-processamento e visualiza??o em tempo real dos dados pelos usu?rios de interesse. Na plataforma de IoT, os dados s?o formatados para exibi??o e avalia??o dos usu?rios considerando formatos gr?ficos compreens?veis, sendo poss?vel a emiss?o de alertas e de relat?rios ao serem detectados desvios em rela??o aos par?metros operacionais normais. Ao ser detectado um desvio de comportamento no consumo de corrente, correlacionando a algum tipo de falha em potencial, o sistema sinaliza informa??es adicionais a um usu?rio de interesse (ao supervisor da linha de produ??o, por exemplo), que de forma planejada, procede a alguma interven??o no equipamento, sem preju?zo da produ??o. A disponibilidade da s?rie temporal completa dos dados armazenados bem como o hist?rico de ocorr?ncias registrados ao longo do uso do sistema de monitoramento permite ainda a busca de correla??es entre dados de outras origens e naturezas, e a interpreta??o dos mesmos dados sob outras ?ticas em contextos al?m da opera??o ou manuten??o da m?quina. O sistema de monitoramento proposto permite prover um m?nimo de automa??o em m?quinas antigas e abre a possibilidade de monitoramento independente, paralela e n?o intrusiva em m?quinas que j? contam com um sistema supervis?rio moderno. Uma ind?stria que atinja o objetivo de tornar o conjunto de seus equipamentos produtivos totalmente monitorado se credencia para dar o pr?ximo passo rumo ? Ind?stria 4.0.

The automation of industrial processes has been one of the greatest innovations in the industrial sector. It allows faster and accurate operations of production processes while producing more outputs than old manual production techniques. In the beverage industry, this innovation was also well embraced, especially to improve its bottling processes. However it has been proven that a continuous optimization of automation techniques using advanced and current trend of automation is the only way industrial companies will survive in a very competitive market. This becomes more challenging for small to medium scale enterprises (SMEs) which are not always keen in adopting new technologies by fear of overspending their little revenues. By doing so, SMEs are exposing themselves to limited growth and vulnerable lifecycle in this fast growing automation world. The main contribution of this study was to develop practical and affordable applications that will optimize the bottling process of a SME beverage plant by combining its existing production resources to basic principles of the current trend of automation, Industry 4.0 (I40). This research enabled the small beverage industry to achieve higher production rate, better delivery time and easy access of plant information through production forecast using linear regression, predictive maintenance using speed vibration sensor and decentralization of production monitoring via cloud applications. The existing plant Siemens S7-1200 programmable logic controller (PLC) and ZENON supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system were used to program the optimized process with very few additional resources. This study also opened doors for automation in SMEs, in general, to use I40 in their production processes with available means and limited cost. / School of Computing / M.Tech (Engineering, Electrical)

Lean production determine the appropriate way to better workplace organization based on the elimination of various types of wasting, which only increase costs without adding customer value. It isn't important only implementation of lean production methods, but especially maintenance of lean principles and creating an atmosphere of continuous improvement. Lean production is the philosophy, which must be accepted by all em-ployees inside every company. It is the way to successful business in the 21st century. This thesis deals with the application of lean production in the selected company. The practical part describes the selected company, its history and manufacturing program. The next part is focused on description of the production center and its production layout. The result of this thesis is creating the product layout plan depending on the material flow and additional proposals for improvement.

Das weite Feld der Digitalisierung findet in Deutschland unter dem Begriff "Industrie 4.0" erste Anwendungen in der Arbeitswelt. Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit untersucht industrielle Assistenzsysteme. Diese können in ganz unterschiedler Art und Weise dem Mitarbeiter zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Unterstützung bei der Verrichtung von Arbeitsaufgaben ist das Ziel. Dabei können die Systeme als tragbare Kleinstcomputer am Körper eingesetzt werden, oder als umfassendes Verarbeitungssystem von Produktionsdaten im Unternehmen implementiert werden. Betrachtet werden zwei prägnante Beispiele aus diesem Bereich der Assistenz für den Mitarbeiter im produzierenden Unternehmen. Eine ständig wachsende Menge von Assistenzsystemen am Markt lässt sich bislang nur anhand von Werbung und Produktvorstellungen charakterisieren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die beiden Beispielsysteme nach Gesichtspunkten der Arbeitswissenschaft zu untersuchen. Tauglichkeit für das Tagesgeschäft, ergonomische und mitarbeiterfreundliche Bedienung werden betrachtet. In den theoretischen Grundlagen wird ein allgemeines Verständnis der Begriffe aus dem Bereich der Digitalisierung aufgebaut. Weiterhin wird ein Überblick über die verwendeten Beispielsysteme ausgehend von deren Produktvorstellungen gegeben. Diese Systeme werden mit qualitativen Forschungsmethoden durch einen Experten der Branche evaluiert. Kernaussagen aus verschiedenen Bereichen, wie beispielsweise Ergonomie und Einsetzbarkeit werden abgeleitet. / The broad field of digitalisation finds its first applications in the German working environment under the term "Industry 4.0". This bachelor thesis examines industrial assistance systems that can be made available to employees in many different ways, with the goal to support the performance of work tasks. The systems can be used as portable microcomputers on the body or implemented as a comprehensive processing system for company production data. The thesis examines two concise examples from this area of employee assistance in manufacturing companies. To date, a constantly growing number of assistance systems on the market can only be characterised by advertising and product concepts. The aim of this thesis is to analyize the two example systems from an ergonomics point of view as well as suitability for day-to-day business and employee-friendly operations. In the theoretical basics, a general understanding of terms from the field of digitalisation is developed. Furthermore, an overview of the example systems utilized is provided based on their product presentations. These systems are evaluated by an industry expert using qualitative research method to determine core statements from various areas, such as ergonomics and usability.

本研究探討生產力4.0計畫推進ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning, Gartner Group Inc. 1990)軟體在產業管理系統的關鍵地位。從ERP軟體系統一直未能在企業百分之百順利建置的角度，分析企業在系統軟體導入過程中，內外關係人影響力造成的失效率，探討以羊群行為減低失效率，提升ERP成功比率，期以降低經營管理的沉沒成本。 通常企業要成功導入ERP系統，是取決於有效的專案管理(Loh and Koh, 2004)。而BPR (business process reengineering)是導入ERP系統的關鍵作業標準，例如Oracle的AIM(application, implementation, methodology)、SAP的ASAP(accelerated SAP)、鼎新的TIM(top implementation methodology)和江氏的FIT(fine implementation tool)。在過去24年來卻已緩緩偏離了企業實作科技(operational technology, OT)的基礎，包括經驗與務實(empirical and practice)的運作程序，依靠以資訊科技(information technology, IT)的標準節點為入口導向。 設若BPR標準操作流程，於導入期間重視經驗與務實的影響力，能夠妥適引導轉移(proper piloting migration, PPM)作最佳化適配(adaptation)。則建置和使用ERP系統(system)的策略，是整合網際網路(cyber)的市場價值和實體(physical)的執行績效，達成企業生產力4.0計畫的CPS虛實整合，為運營上帶來一項資產(asset)，而非遺產(legacy)。 / The study investigates possibly raising successful installation rate by Herd Behivor for the software of Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP (Gartner Group Inc. 1990) under Industry 4.0 Project. According to the historical data that reducing available rate of stakeholder influence would drop the sunk cost of information technology management. Usually enterprises in order to get an effectiveness of ERP installation, it depends on whether using proper project management (Loh and Koh, 2004). However, BPR (business process reengineering) was acting a key factor of standard operation procedure under project management in past 24 years, such as the Oracle’s AIM (application, implementation, methodology)、SAP’s ASAP (accelerated SAP)、Digiwin’s TIM (top implementation methodology) and Chiang’s FIT (fine implementation tool) . What failed rate of ERP installation is still high around industry, due to information technology (IT) instead of operational technology (OT). Meanwhile, the BRP could switch over to emphasize the empirical experience of piloting migration (PPM) of ERP on individual business. It would guide an optimal adaptation between operational site and information platform, the strategy of using ERP system is in order to combine both benefits as the marketing value of cyber and the manufacturing productivity of physical. There is the synergy coming from Industry 4.0 Project as well as an asset for the enterprise under a systematic integration of virtual cyber and physical reality.

Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB är intresserade av att digitalisera deras arbetsprocesser. Således är syftet med denna studie att undersöka om AR presterar bättre än papper som en instruktionsmetod för operatorer på Siemens i Trollhättan. För att kunna svara på frågan "Hur väl presterar Augmented Reality (AR) teknik som instruktionsmetod till skillnad från papper för operatorer i en produktionsmiljö?", har två kvalitativa metoder tillämpats. Datainsamling skedde med hjälp av observationer och semi-strukturerade intervjuer för analys tillstudien. Vårt val av teoretiskt ramverk tillämpades inte endast för att undersöka prestanda, det användes även för undersökning av operatörernas vilja att införa AR som en instruktionsmetod. Resultaten från denna studie visar att AR presterade bättre som en instruktionsmetod och att operatörerna hade en positiv inställning vid användning av AR. Däremot, är det fortfarande oklart hur väl denna teknologi kommer att accepteras. Detta beror huvudsakligen på faktum att framtida förbättringar behöver utföras när det kommer till hårdvara och avsaknaden av skräddarsydda applikationer för operatörernas behov. / Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB is interested in digitizing their current work processes. Therefore, the reason for this study is to examine if AR performs better than paper as an instruction method for operators at Siemens in Trollhättan. In order to answer the question "How well does Augmented Reality (AR) technology perform compared to physical papers as an instruction method for operators in a production environment?", two qualitative methods have been applied. Data was collected by using observations and semi-structured interviews for the analysis of this study. Our choice of theoretical framework was not only applied for evaluating the performance, but also the operators' willingness to adopt AR as a form of instruction method. The findings from the results show that AR performs better as an instruction method and that the operators had a positive attitude when using AR. However, it is still unclear how well this technology will be accepted. This is mainly due to the fact that future improvements still need to be made to the hardware and the lack of customized applications for the operators' needs.

Die Nutzung von Augmented Reality (AR) stellt eine Vielzahl von Lösungsansätzen für Herausforderungen unterschiedlicher Bereiche, z.B. der Industrie, Medizin, Unterhaltungsmedien und Bildung, zur Verfügung. Speziell werden hier die Möglichkeiten von AR in der Fertigungsindustrie, genauer bei der Abnahme elektrischer Antriebe der Siemens AG, betrachtet. Dabei werden unter anderem messbare Größen wie Drehmoment, Ankerstrom, -spannung, Drehzahl, Schwingungen, Fertigungstoleranzen etc. gemessen, aber auch nicht quantifizierbare Größen wie Sichtprüfungen von Schweißnähten und Lackierung in Betracht gezogen. Angestrebt wird eine Methode, welche es zukünftig ermöglicht, die Inbetriebnahme ortsunabhängig zu verfolgen und Inspektionen aus der Ferne durchzuführen. Die Herausforderung liegt dabei darin, eine zumindest gleichwertige, wenn nicht sogar verbesserte Erfahrung und Prüfergebnisvalidität für die Beteiligten gegenüber der vor Ort Abnahme zu erzeugen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens wurde in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit zwischen Ingenieur/-innen und Sozialwissenschaftler/-innen ein Demonstrator-Konzept für eine ortsunabhängige Maschinenabnahme entwickelt.

The adoption of digital transformation can be seen as the companies opportunity for increased competitiveness. The possibilities of digital transformation are many as it allows, among other things, a connection between workers and machines or between machines. However, companies are facing difficulties to implement digital transformation effectively. Implementing digital transformation is a slow process for companies and most companies are in the early stages of it. Also, the technologies that are associated with digital transformation are still unclear. Companies still lack a systematic approach to implementing digital transformation. Understanding critical factors that affect digital transformation in manufacturing companies could help to develop a systematic approach for implementing digital transformation. Therefore, in this research the authors have carefully reviewed and identified factors that affect digital transformation within the manufacturing industry. This thesis research aims to identify the factors that will lead to the success of digital transformation in manufacturing companies and to also find out the factors that when being ignored will lead to unsuccessfulness. The research has been guided by three research questions: 1) Which factors are stated in the literature that is affecting the implementation of digital transformation in manufacturing companies, 2) How are these factors related to each other in the literature, and 3) How can practitioners and academics use factors for the successful implementation of digital transformation? In this research, a systematic literature review (SLR) has been carried out which has led to identifying 11 key factors. Based on the identified factors, a model has been developed to support the implementation of digital transformation in manufacturing companies. The model consists of four different categories of factors, namely, “Awareness related factors, Readiness related factors, Technology, Selection, and Integration related factors (so-called ARTO-model. Furthermore, a survey has been developed to get experts´ perspectives on the identified factors and the model.  Based on the input from the survey, a final compiled ARTO model is proposed as a guiding tool for the successful implementation of digital transformation. Further, a model to show the relationship between the factors is created. Keywords: Digital transformation, Digitalization, Industry 4.0, Enabling technologies, Key factors, Critical factors, Manufacturing industry, Guiding framework / Implementeringen av digital transformation kan ses som företags möjlighet till ökad konkurrenskraft. Möjligheterna med digital transformation är många, då det bland annat tillåter uppkoppling mellan arbetare och maskiner. Dock, står företagen inför svårigheter med implementeringen av det. Implementeringen av digital transformation är en långsam process för företagen och många företag befinner sig i tidigt skede. Även teknologier som associeras med digital transformation är fortfarande oklara och det saknas kunskap gällande detta. Dessutom finns det inte mycket handlingskraft när det kommer till faktorer som påverkar digital transformation. Företag saknar fortfarande tillvägagångssätt för implementering av digital transformation. Därför har författarna till den här undersökningen noga granskat och identifierat faktorer som påverkar digital transformation inom tillverkande företag.  Syftet med den här undersökningen är att ta reda på faktorer som ska leda till framgång av digital transformation i tillverkande företag, och vidare ta reda på faktorer som när de ignoreras kommer leda till misslyckande. Forskningsfråga 1: Vilka är faktorerna som nämns i litteraturen och som påverkar digital transformation i tillverkande företag?  Forskningsfråga 2: Hur är dessa faktorer relaterade till varandra inom litteraturen?  Forskningsfråga 3: Hur kan praktiker och akademiker använda faktorer för ett framgångsrikt genomförande av digital transformation? I den här undersökningen har det gjorts en systematisk litteraturstudie som ledde till utvecklingen av ett ramverk. Vidare skapades en enkät för att få experters perspektiv på den systematiska litteraturstudien och ramverket.  Det skapades en modell som bygger på fyra olika kategorier ”Awareness related factors, Readiness related factors, Technology, Selection and integration related factors (så kallad ARTO-modell) utifrån den systematiska litteraturstudien och därefter gjordes en liknande modell baserad på inputen från enkäten. Slutligen sammanställdes resultaten i en gemensam ARTO- modell och en modell för att visa relationen mellan de olika modellerna skapades  Nyckelord: Digital Transformation, Digitalisering, Industri 4.0, Möjliggörande teknik, Nyckel faktorer, Kritiska faktorer, Tillverkande företag, Vägledande ram

Background: Information technology (IT) is today a large part of our everyday life and it is here to stay, develop and become an even larger part of our society. Today's industries are investing to digitize the industry for a sustainable future for both man and the environment. IT-stress begins to become a more familiar concept that emphasizes that we humans are affected by IT. Aim: To investigate industrial workers perceived IT-related stress and whether they feel that education received has been appropriate and that their competence development is enough for managing the implementation of industry 4.0. Method: Inductive approach with exploratory goals. A qualitative semi-structured interview was conducted on 6 respondents followed by a manifest content analysis. Result: The digitization generates several aspects that affect the individual and can lead to stress. Conclusions: More research is needed to ensure how implementation of industry 4.0 can be done with reduced IT-related stress / Bakgrund: Informationstekniken (IT) är idag en stor del av vår vardag och den är här för att stanna, utvecklas och blir en ännu större del av vårt samhälle. Dagens industrier satsar idag för att digitalisera industrin för en hållbar framtid för både människan och miljön. IT-stress börjar bli ett mer känt begrepp som understryker att vi människor påverkas av IT. Syfte: Undersöka industriarbetares upplevda IT-relaterade stress och om de upplever att kompetensutvecklingen varit ändamålsenlig för att hantera implementeringen av industri 4.0. Metod: Induktiv ansats med explorativa mål. En kvalitativ semi-strukturerad intervju utfördes på 6 respondenter därefter en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Digitaliseringens förändringar medför flera aspekter som påverkar individen. Slutsats: Mer forskning behövs för att säkerställa hur implementering av industri 4.0 kan ske med minskad IT-relaterad stress.