O presente estudo teve o propósito de investigar como a inovação é retratada por servidores da carreira de Gestão, Planejamento e Infraestrutura em Ciência e Tecnologia, pertencente ao Plano de Carreiras da área de ciência e tecnologia, a partir das representações sociais geradas por analistas em ciência e tecnologia e assistentes em ciência e tecnologia, em efetivo exercício nas instituições vinculadas ao Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, localizadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os procedimentos de análise dos dados coletados foram realizados de acordo com a abordagem estrutural das representações sociais aplicados ao grupo de participantes e subgrupos formados por: analistas em ciência e tecnologia e assistentes em ciência e tecnologia, servidores com idade inferior a cinquenta anos e idade igual ou superior a cinquenta anos, e respondentes com e sem experiência no processo de implantação da inovação, respectivamente. Ao final, não foi identificada nenhuma diferença significativa entre as representações sociais do grupo e dos subgrupos, e constatou-se que os servidores relacionam a inovação à tecnologia, novidade, criatividade e mudança, indicando uma tendência de concebê-la sob um viés tradicional, voltado à ideia de inovação enquanto um novo objeto técnico; não se observou nas representações sociais, a presença de elementos associados à perspectiva sistêmica que considera a inovação como decorrência da interação entre todos os agentes envolvidos no processo. A pesquisa também examinou a opinião dos servidores acerca de alguns aspectos referentes à prontidão ao uso da tecnologia (inovação) e às dimensões constitutivas de uma ambiência inovadora: as respostas revelaram que o uso de novas tecnologias seria tão gratificante tanto quanto a aprendizagem sobre as mesmas como possibilidade, inclusive, de atualização profissional, e, ainda, que o reconhecimento da organização, o trabalho em equipe e com troca de conhecimento e aprendizagem, a comunicação entre líderes e grupos envolvidos nas atividades, bem como a criação de um espaço para compartilhar críticas e opiniões, seriam fatores habilitadores da inovação. Os resultados registrados podem contribuir para estudos e debates dedicados à gestão do processo de inovação e de pessoas, e, por conseguinte, da efetivação das políticas de inovação no contexto da administração pública federal

Background: Most of the existing literature regarding innovation and innovation strategies focus on high-tech industries. In contrast low- and medium-technology industries are receiving very little attention despite the category is making up the largest part of the manufacturing industries in OECD countries. The phenomenon could be the result of misconceptions regarding innovation process in low- medium-tech industries and existing pre-eminence of linear model of innovation. Investigating the realities of innovation strategies in the low- and medium technology industries would help crystallise the understanding of innovation strategies within low- and medium technology industries uncovering key factors for innovation under the industry category. Research question: How do organisations under low- and medium-technology industry category innovate and what is the impact the chosen innovation strategy or a combination of innovation strategies have on the organisation? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand which innovation strategies (open, closed, exploitative, explorative or a combination of these strategies) organisations under low- and medium technology industry implement and how such innovation strategies impact the organisation. The aim of the study is to crystallise the understanding in how LMTs innovate, which innovation strategies they select and what influences the selection of innovation strategy. Method: Abductive research approach is used for the study. Qualitative research method is a primary source of data gathered from 8 organisations operating under low- and medium- technology industry category. The data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with C- level executives and management responsible for innovation initiatives. Theoretical framework: The literature will present knowledge based view and outline the link between knowledge and open, closed, exploitative and explorative innovation strategies. Findings & conclusion: Ability to identify relevant knowledge and assimilate it drove innovation within the LMTs assessed. Innovation strategies were selected based on understanding of additional information requirements and market environment in their respective markets. Various combinations of innovation strategies were used at the assessed organisations. Some of the assessed organisations used more open or more closed innovation strategies based on business circumstances. Open innovation strategies enabled fast knowledge accumulation and problem solution discovery. Organisational cultures influence the choice of innovation strategies. Peoples’ knowledge drives performance.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma contribuição ao corpo de conhecimento existente acerca das variáveis de contexto organizacional a serem consideradas no projeto de sistemas de recompensas que buscam incentivar a inovação em produtos nas organizações. Inicialmente, o trabalho resgata conceitos fundamentais tanto sobre os sistemas de recompensas quanto sobre o processo de inovação. Em seguida, apresenta alguns dos estudos já existentes sobre práticas de recompensas voltadas para inovação, buscando sistematizar, de forma abrangente, os aspectos já explorados por autores no tema, assim como evidenciar algumas lacunas identificadas. Com base nesse esforço, é elaborado um quadro de referência preliminar das variáveis de contexto e suas implicações sobre o projeto em questão, a saber: estratégia da organização, tipo de inovação que se pretende estimular, crenças e traços culturais da empresa e sistema de metas e recompensas previamente existentes. Uma pesquisa de campo então é realizada por meio de entrevistas qualitativas com cinco especialistas, consultores e acadêmicos em gestão estratégica de recursos humanos e em sistemas de recompensas, e por meio de estudos de casos em quatro empresas industriais de grande porte reconhecidamente inovadoras, de maneira a fazer uma análise crítica do quadro de referência preliminar, possibilitando seu refinamento. O assunto pesquisado se mostrou ainda distante da realidade tanto dos especialistas quanto dos projetistas de sistemas de recompensas de organizações que atuam no Brasil. Ainda assim, mesmo se mantendo as quatro principais variáveis de contexto elencadas previamente, a pesquisa de campo permitiu conferir maior robustez ao quadro de referência elaborado, uma vez que, a partir de sua realização, fizeram-se análises que alteraram aspectos relevantes do detalhamento desse quadro. Assim sendo, crê-se que a presente tese pôde contribuir para que fosse dado um primeiro adicional em direção ao estreitamento da lacuna existente na literatura sobre o projeto de recompensas para inovação. / This thesis aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding the organizational context variables to be considered in designing a rewards system geared towards fostering innovation in products at organizations. Initially, the paper takes a new look at fundamental concepts regarding both rewards systems and the innovation process. Next, some current studies on reward practices geared towards innovation are presented in an effort to broadly systematize the aspects explored by authors on this matter, while also showing some of the gaps identified. Based on this work, a preliminary reference chart is created using context variables and their implications for the design at issue, specifically: organizational strategy, type of innovation to be encouraged, beliefs and cultural traits of the company, and previously established systems of goals and rewards. Field research is then done using qualitative interviews with five specialists, consultants and scholars in strategic human resource management and in rewards systems, as well as by using case studies of four large-scale industrial companies known for being innovative, in order to perform a critical assessment of the preliminary reference chart and allow for its refinement. The subject researched proves to be even farther from the reality of specialists as well as designers of rewards systems at organizations operating in Brazil. Nevertheless and even having maintained the four main context variables listed previously, the field research made the reference chart created stronger, because based on its creation, analyses were done that changed relevant aspects of the details of this chart. This being the case, it is believed that this thesis could contribute to a first addition being made in an effort to close the gap that exists in literature on the design of rewards for innovation.

Submitted by GETULIO MENEZES BENTO (getulio.gmb@dpf.gov.br) on 2013-10-15T18:21:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_ver_public.pdf: 1127257 bytes, checksum: 04dea18a3648735a7e0de888483a5b37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2013-11-08T18:30:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_ver_public.pdf: 1127257 bytes, checksum: 04dea18a3648735a7e0de888483a5b37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-11-11T16:10:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_ver_public.pdf: 1127257 bytes, checksum: 04dea18a3648735a7e0de888483a5b37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-11T16:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert_ver_public.pdf: 1127257 bytes, checksum: 04dea18a3648735a7e0de888483a5b37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / Few issues have been characterized by as much agree ment among organizational researchers as the importance of innovation to orga nizational competitiveness and effectiveness. The theme of innovation is as import ant as is its vast and diverse literature. But, if on one hand it recognizes the i mportance of the issue, on the other hand, it turns out that the understanding of innova tive behavior in organizations remains relatively undeveloped, especially in the p ublic sector. From the point of view of the innovation management, the question arises w hat are the organizational factors that determine the innovation capability in the organization. In this respect, the aim of this study was to identify the character istics and organizational factors driving or inhibiting the innovation process at the National Institute of Criminalistics and Technical-Scientific Directorate, considering t he organization members' perception who were involved with the development o f innovative ideas in the studied environment. For this purpose, a survey was conduct ed to assess the perception of the subjects about 15 factors relevant to innovatio n processes, postulated by researchers of the Minnesota Innovation Research Pr ogram - MIRP, University of Minnesota. The sample was composed of 62 organizati onal actors who returned the questionnaire sent to 79 experts, who were involved in the development of 42 different innovative ideas. Results indicated that ten factors (67%) induced the development of innovative processes while three fac tors (20%) inhibited these processes. Two factors had little convergence of an swers, so that results do not allow to conclude whether these factors acted foste ring or inhibiting innovation. Results confirmed the research assumption that the organizational environment provides mechanisms for fostering innovations. / Poucos temas apresentam tanta concordância entre os pesquisadores organizacionais como a importância da inovação para o desempenho e a efetividade organizacional. O tema inovação é tão importante quanto é vasta e diversificada a sua literatura. Mas, se por um lado, se reconhece a importância do tema, por outro, se constata que o entendimento do comportamento inovador nas organizações permanece ainda relativamente pouco desenvolvido, sobretudo no setor público. Do ponto de vista da gestão da inovação, interessa saber quais são os fatores organizacionais que determinam a capacidade que a organização tem para inovar. Nesse aspecto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as características e os fatores organizacionais indutores ou inibidores dos processos de inovação no Instituto Nacional de Criminalística e na Diretoria Técnico-Científica da Polícia Federal, na percepção dos sujeitos que se envolveram com o desenvolvimento de ideias inovadoras no ambiente pesquisado. Com esse propósito, foi realizado um levantamento a fim de avaliar a percepção dos sujeitos da pesquisa quanto a 15 fatores característicos relevantes para os processos de inovação, postulados pelos pesquisadores do Minnesota Innovation Research Program – MIRP, da Universidade de Minnesota. A amostra obtida foi composta de 62 atores organizacionais que retornaram o questionário, encaminhado para 79 peritos, que se envolveram no desenvolvimento ou implantação de 42 diferentes ideias inovadoras. Os resultados indicaram que dos 15 fatores analisados, dez fatores (67%) foram percebidos como indutores dos processos de inovação enquanto três fatores (20%) foram percebidos como inibidores desses processos. Dois fatores obtiveram pouca convergência das respostas, de forma que os dados obtidos não permitiram concluir se tais fatores atuavam favorecendo ou inibindo o desenvolvimento de inovações no ambiente pesquisado. Os resultados confirmaram o pressuposto levantado na pesquisa de que o ambiente organizacional pesquisado apresenta elementos característicos que favorecem o desenvolvimento de inovações.

This study is conducted within the domains of technology convergence and Open Innovation environment. Two frameworks have been adopted in the study, namely; Nexus of Forces and Capability-Based Framework for Open Innovation. The first purpose of the investigation was to identify to what extent and in what ways does Nexus of Forces affects the knowledge capabilities within the Open Innovation environment. The second purpose of the investigation was to identify what practical implications does Nexus of Forces brings to the Open Innovation practices. The investigation was conducted on a single company – Swisscom – by following a case study strategy. The methodological approach for collecting the data was a mixed method approach with concurrent embedded strategy. The study has focused mainly on qualitative data and the quantitative data was nested with the focus to strengthen the findings. For the primary data collection, 6 respondents were selected, Expert A and Expert B for interviews and 4 managers for survey.   In regard to the first purpose, our findings have shown that practices of Nexus of Forces have strategical implications on the process of managing knowledge capabilities. The extents of the NoF implications are through a direct and indirect level for the departments, which work with Open Innovation projects and at meta-level for the higher organizational structures within the company. In regard to the second purpose, our findings have shown that practices of Nexus of Forces have tactical implications on the Open Innovation practices. The final outcome of the study is a theoretical model that displays the strategical and tactical implications of Nexus of Forces on the knowledge capabilities and Open Innovation practices within the Open Innovation environment.

Cette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse à la nature des innovations générées par les acteurs et à la gestion dialectique des phases d’exploitation et d’exploration au cours d’un processus d’innovation socio-économique, à partir d’une recherche-intervention longitudinale conduite dans une entreprise de service pendant cinq ans. Elle positionne ce processus dans le champ des processus d’innovation ambidextres et analyse s’il y a poursuite simultanée d’actions d’innovation d’exploitation et d’exploration dans le cadre d’un processus de changement organisationnel piloté et instrumenté basé sur le recyclage des dysfonctionnements en actions d’innovation. / This doctoral dissertation focus on the nature of innovation generated by the actors and on the dialectic management of exploitation and exploration phases among the socio-economic (SEAM) innovation process. The research is based on an intervention-research carried out during five years in a SME from computing industry. It aims at putting this innovation process is the field of ambidextrous innovation process. In the framework of a steered and instrumented organizational change process, this research is presenting the recycling of dysfunctions into innovation actions.

The thesis "Service Design of Zátiší Catering Group, a.s." is focused on the management of innovations and service design. The aim is to analyse and identify possible potential and opportunities for improvement of catering services in Zatiší Catering Group, a.s. Content of the thesis includes research of service design and innovation process, study based on application of the design service approaches, introduction of the study outputs, actual project of a new service design and recommendations. Following methods and techniques were used in research: persona, contextual interview, service safari, benchmarking, service blueprints, empathy map, product box. The thesis should contribute to the theoretical determination of service design and its following aplication in the design of a specific service. Final outcome of the study is a service proposal for a canteen in Lycée Français de Prague.

The thesis focuses on an analysis of the specific innovation project and the follow-up evaluation of the innovation process in a medium-sized company. It follows by an analysis of resources which results into the proposing of the specific further development of innovation strategies. The theoretical part is aimed at an analysis of the scientific literature, which is mainly focused on the theory of innovations, innovations strategies and innovation processes. The practical part is aimed at detailed description of the specific innovation project, as well as its criticism and the possibility of extending the project to other areas.

Ein zentraler Aspekt der industriellen Digitalisierung ist die Entwicklung digitaler Geschäftsmodellinnovationen (GMI), um auch zukünftig wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben und das Potenzial der Digitalisierung vollumfänglich ausschöpfen zu können. Mit verbunden ist dabei die Frage: Wie sollten Unternehmen zielführend vorgehen, um diese zu entwickeln? In den Fokus rückt dabei der Innovationsprozess zur Entwicklung von GMI und dessen Gestaltung im Hinblick auf die industrielle Digitalisierung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit, welche sich an der Fallstudienmethodik von Yin (Yin, R. K.: Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 5. ed., Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2014) orientiert, konnte ein fundiertes Verständnis über die Gestaltung eines Innovationsprozesses von GMI in Zeiten der Digitalisierung geschaffen werden. Wesentlicher Bestandteil des Forschungsfeldes ist die prozessuale Betrachtung zur Entwicklung von GMI, welche in der Wissenschaft durch heterogenes und zerfahrenes Wissen sowie bestehende Unklarheiten auf sich aufmerksam macht. Folglich besteht ein großer Forschungsbedarf darin, sich der Gestaltung des GMI-Prozesses und den damit verbundenen Fragestellungen zu widmen. Diesen ist die vorliegende Arbeit im Hinblick auf Struktur- und Verlaufsmerkmalen, Erfolgsfaktoren und durch eine Berücksichtigung der Digitalisierungsliteratur in der GMI-Forschung nachgekommen. Hinzukommend ermöglichen es die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse, Implikationen für die Praxis abzuleiten, wobei zu berücksichtigen gilt, dass diese aufgrund der qualitativ-empirischen Methodenwahl viel mehr als generische Handlungsoptionen für das Management und nicht als Handlungsempfehlungen zu verstehen sind. Die entwickelten Prozessmodelle für Produktionsunternehmen dienen als Vorschläge für methodische Hilfestellungen zur Entwicklung digitaler GMI. Weitere Handlungsoptionen für das Management lassen sich in Bezug auf Erfolgsfaktoren bzw. Potenziale des GMI-Prozesses konkretisieren. Dabei gilt es für Produktionsunternehmen u.a. die Integration des Kunden in den Innovationsprozess zu berücksichtigen, das Ökosystem einzubinden, mit Startups zusammenzuarbeiten, eine schnelle Prototypenentwicklung zu praktizieren und Daten auszuwerten und daraus GM-Ideen abzuleiten. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bilden Anknüpfungspunkte für eine weiterführende Forschung. / The digital age is forcing manufacturing firms to innovate beyond new products and services and to professionalize their digital business model innovation (BMI) activities in order to stay competitive. While new product development (NPD) and new service development (NSD) research boasts a multiplicity of well-founded publications on process models, which contribute to increasing the likelihood of innovation, only few business model researchers have examined innovation processes for BMI. This is particularly so with digital BMI activities in manufacturing firms, as their digital BMI approach is often based on an extension of their NPD activities. This study explores how the innovation processes of manufacturing firms can be designed in order to develop novel business models to address the challenges of digitalization. Thereby, NPD-related path dependency considering the history in manufacturing firms and requirements on specific digital process characteristics are factored in. The study uses a multiple-case study approach, where data on BMI processes was collected in six manufacturing firms. The results show that the design of BMI processes in the digital age differs conceptually between B2C and B2B manufacturing firms. While BMI processes in B2C firms follow a semi-structured approach that considers experimentation, process models in B2B firms show similarities with an NPD hybrid model comprising stage-gate methods and agility. Concerning empirical and managerial implications, this study proposes two process models for digital BMI for B2C and B2B firms. Thereby, this study identifies specific digital process characteristics manufacturing firms need to consider when designing a BMI process in the digital age.

Despite the past decade’s increased adoption of scientific methodologies by startups, most still fail to scale into large companies. The paralyzing plethora of advice, theory and models recommended to startups is poorly matched by practical advice on the applicability and implications of actually following the recommendations. In this action-based research I, an IT consultant for twelve years and founder/co-founder of several startups, try out and evaluate the applicability of methodologies for applying scientific management principles to innovation in early-stage startups. In the first part of my research, I use an naive explorative hands-on approach which results in insights into the limited applicability of popular methodologies such as Growth Hacking and The Lean Startup. These limitations are especially pronounced for early-stage startups who are yet to launch a minimum viable product (MVP), as well as those that have trouble to decide which hypotheses are the riskiest. Most actionable insights during this part stemmed from the engagement in various thought-experiments and reflections, and not from external customer feedback. To remedy this, and to thoroughly evaluate the applicability of a pre-launch market assessment method, I engage in market opportunity discovery following the recommendations set forth by Outcome-Driven Innovation (ODI). This hands-on in-depth approach yielded seemingly high-quality actionable insights with direct implications for the product and marketing strategy of the studied early-stage startup. In the discussion part, I reflect over the applicability of the evaluated methodologies and argue that the main difference between applicable and non-applicable methodologies is whether they are manufacturing-based or needs-based. Finally, I reflect over possible implications and suggest that a startup community wide change of mindset from manufacturing-based methodologies such as The Lean Startup to needs-based methodologies such as Outcome-Driven Innovation will minimize the startup innovation-process variability and increase startup efficiency dramatically on a global scale.