Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Abstract and Keywords  The thesis concerns different conceptions of rationality and their implications for organisations, especially in the public sector. The focus is on performance management (as widely defined) within public sector organisations as a subject for exploring these issues. This has long been controversial because seemingly simplistic approaches to performance management persist, despite well recognised shortcomings, such as a tendency to perverse incentives and unintended outcomes.  Therefore, in the kappa, I analyse the notion of instrumental rationality, examine the established critique of instrumental rationality from a ‘political’ perspective and present the dilemma that this creates; i.e. how to improve processes of resource allocation and performance evaluation, while recognising organisational realities such as imbalances in power. The potential of communicative rationality as an alternative conceptualisation of rationality in organisations is then discussed.    The development of public sector management from the fiscal crises of the 1970s is explained, with the rise of the ‘New Public Management’ based on neo-liberal ideas, and the subsequent opposition to it from ‘New Public Governance’ and ‘New Public Services’ paradigms. These potentially give more scope to participative and deliberative processes of generating performance measurement packages and control systems. Moreover, in practice, particularly interesting examples of participatory approaches have been found in developing countries which align with communicative rationality. A critical position is adopted in the thesis, seeking to challenge ‘managerialist’ orthodoxies.  As a theoretical guide to understanding these issues, conceptual frameworks from the management control literature are used. Broadbent and Laughlin’s (2009) conceptual model of performance management systems has been of particular value. They draw on Weber and Habermas to distinguish between instrumental and communicative rationality models and between transactional and relational performance management systems. This enables them to identify two distinct ideal types of ‘rationality clusters’ (instrumental and communicative) to which organisations will incline. They also contend that contingent factors influence where actual organisations are located between these two ideal types.          7  The four papers I have selected for the licentiate from my various publications report on research carried out in three different public sector settings using different methods of investigation. Paper 1 considers the approaches to resource allocation and performance measurement then used by English Health Authorities at the time of writing. In Paper 2 an evaluation carried out at an English police service, utilising cost-consequences analysis, is described and discussed. Papers 3 and 4 concern a performance management regime for the English ambulance service, which became noted for promoting perverse incentives and ‘gaming’, and its subsequent replacement. The first two papers foreground issues of rationality and the last two issues of performance management; but these topics are interrelated and are relevant throughout. It is argued in all the papers that comprehensively ‘rationalistic’ approaches are flawed and that participation, deliberation and dialogue between stakeholders are desirable.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RUBSON MARQUES RODRIGUES.pdf: 5458523 bytes, checksum: 87c00592d650bbe336e028daa9942437 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-11 / The present investigation of theoretical-bibliographic-documental aspect was developed on the basis of the dialectic method. Treats with the theme difficulties between instrumental rationality and substantive rationality in the management practice of professionals formed in administration's graduation degree. It focuses on the science and the technique's advance, in with the manager, when size the knowledge technologies, runs with efficiency the modern productive organizations, with the objective of gain profit with effectiveness in the effectivity of the surplus extraction. In this sense, the manager takes part of a group of professionals that maintains the logic of the production relations of capitalist society. This study looked for understand the relation of the manager and the capitalist mode of production with the current state of the work depreciation, in a society sustained by the market laws that imposes to many the rights deprivation, the unemployment anguish, transforming them into "socials ungrouped". Here comes the inquiry: The tension between the substantive rationality and the instrumental rationality leads the professional formed in administration's graduation degree to act in a way that violent his human condition? The tension between substantive rationality and instrumental rationality that goes through the manager's day by day in his management practices of the modern organizations was analyzed from the development on the comparative study with regard to the influences of the referred rationalities in the act of the manager formed in full graduation degree. It demonstrates that the philosophical basis of the modern science in his rational instrumental side is the main theoretical set of formation and qualification of the manager, endowing him with a profile appropriated to the laws of the market society, at the same time that transforms him into an instrument of the capitalists to keep the logic of the production relations of the contemporary world. This occurs, remarkably, because of the "semiformation" that he was submitted. Owner of an acritical formation, the manager has difficulties to exercise the auto-reflection. Therefore, the manager is taken to see the other people and himself as things, because the society that he serves, itself transformed in a thing, has under its commands every social imperatives that just counts and measures results. Things are measured and evaluated by the supply and demand market law, determining his exchanging value, in a dynamic known as fetish of the goods (MARX, 1978). The opposite way can be tracked by the alternative of formative experiences, in which the education headed to the critical auto-reflection favors the transformation of the individual in subject. It suggests, therefore, in this dissertation that the manager theoreticals, the coordinators, teachers and students of the Administration's graduation degree look for deepen their knowledge of the substantive rationality, having in sight what was demonstrated in this work: in the day by day of the manager practice the behaviors of the members of a productive group are not unilaterals, they shift into actions moved by instrumental and substantive rationalities, perpetuating the tense duality between both rationalities. / A presente investigação de cunho teórico-bibliográfico-documental foi desenvolvida com base no método dialético. Trata o tema dificuldades entre racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva na prática gestionária de administradores formados em Curso de Graduação. Enfoca-se o avanço da ciência e da técnica, em que o administrador, ao deter o conhecimento das tecnologias, gere com eficiência as organizações produtivas modernas, com o objetivo de auferir lucro com eficácia na efetividade da extração de mais-valia. Nesse sentido, o administrador faz parte de um grupo de profissionais que mantém a lógica das relações de produção da sociedade capitalista. Buscou-se neste estudo, compreender a relação do administrador e do modo de produção capitalista com o atual estágio de precarização do trabalho, em uma sociedade sustentada pelas leis mercadológicas que impõe a muitos, a privação de direitos, a angústia do desemprego, transformando-os em desfiliados sociais . Indaga-se então: Como compreender um profissional que, tendo a razão substantiva como imanente à sua condição humana, age movido pela razão instrumental, que não lhe é própria, mas imposta exteriormente, e se transforma em sua segunda natureza? A tensão entre racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva que atravessa o cotidiano do administrador nas suas práticas gestionárias das organizações modernas foi analisada a partir do desenvolvimento do estudo comparativo a respeito das influências das referidas racionalidades no agir do administrador formado em curso de graduação plena. Demonstra-se que a base filosófica da ciência moderna na sua vertente racional instrumental é o principal arcabouço teórico de formação e qualificação do administrador, dotando-o de um perfil adequado às leis da sociedade de mercado, ao mesmo tempo em que o transforma em um instrumento dos capitalistas para manter a lógica das relações de produção do mundo contemporâneo. Isto ocorre, notadamente, em razão da semiformação a que ele foi submetido. Portador de uma formação acrítica, o administrador tem dificuldade para exercitar a auto-reflexão. Sendo assim, administrador é levado a ver as outras pessoas e a si próprio como coisas, pois a sociedade a que serve, ela mesma transformada em uma coisa em si, tem sob seu comando todos os imperativos sociais que apenas contam e medem resultados. Coisas são medidas e avaliadas pela lei mercadológica da oferta e da procura, determinando o seu valor de troca, em uma dinâmica conhecida por fetichização da mercadoria (MARX, 1978). O caminho inverso pode ser trilhado pela alternativa de experiências formativas, em que a educação dirigida à auto-reflexão crítica favorece a transformação do indivíduo em sujeito. Sugere-se, portanto, nesta dissertação que os teóricos da administração, os coordenadores, professores e discentes dos Cursos de Graduação em Administração busquem aprofundar conhecimento sobre a racionalidade substantiva, tendo em vista o que foi demonstrado neste trabalho: no cotidiano da prática administrativa os comportamentos dos membros de um grupo produtivo não são unilaterais, eles alternam-se em ações movidas pelas racionalidades instrumental e substantiva, perpetuando a tensa dualidade entre ambas racionalidades.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-08-07T19:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Getulio A Ramos Junior.pdf: 1341093 bytes, checksum: e832c629f31f13c50a5f41d20477c5a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-08-31T13:02:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Getulio A Ramos Junior.pdf: 1341093 bytes, checksum: e832c629f31f13c50a5f41d20477c5a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T13:02:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Getulio A Ramos Junior.pdf: 1341093 bytes, checksum: e832c629f31f13c50a5f41d20477c5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-05 / As práticas de avaliação de desempenho não são novas. O ato de avalizar é uma característica humana e uma constante que se reflete nas organizações. No Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear a avaliação do desempenho individual dos servidores ativos é realizada desde 1987. Em junho de 2015 foi implantado o modelo de avaliação por múltiplas fontes utilizando o Sistema de Desempenho Individual – SDI. O presente trabalho verifica se o modelo abrange aspectos da racionalidade instrumental e substantiva, segundo a abordagem de Guerreiro Ramos e se a finalidade da avaliação é vista da mesma forma pelos servidores e pelos gerentes. Também é feita uma comparação da visão da área técnica versus área administrativa. Usa a metodologia quali-quantitativa e, tem como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário com vinte e duas questões onde são abordados aspectos da racionalidade instrumental e substantiva. Como resultado tem-se que a racionalidade substantiva se faz presente na opinião dos respondentes, mas avaliadores e avaliados não reconhecem a utilidade e os benefícios que o sistema de avaliação atual pode proporcionar. Necessário treinamento gerencial sobre avaliação de desempenho individual para os gestores, visando uniformidade da avaliação. A visão das chefias coincide com as dos subordinados na maioria das questões, tanto com viés substantivo quanto instrumental. Não há um acompanhamento sistemático do desempenho dos avaliados. Falta a área administrativa divulgar o que é feito com os resultados das avaliações feitas. / Performance evaluation practices are not new. The act of awarding is a human characteristic and a constantly that is reflected in organizations. In Nuclear Technology Development Center, the evaluate the individual performance of active servers is carried out since 1987. In June 2015 was implemented the model evaluation by multiple sources using the Individual Performance System - SDI. This study verifies that the SDI includes aspects of instrumental and substantive rationality, according to the approach of Guerreiro Ramos and the purpose of evaluation is seen the same way by servers and by managers. Using quanti-qualitative methodology and, with the research instrument a questionnaire twenty-two issues which are addressed aspects of instrumental and substantive rationality. As a result, substantive rationality is present in respondents' opinion, but evaluators and evaluated do not recognize the usefulness and benefits that the current evaluation system can provide. Management training required on individual performance evaluation for managers, aiming at uniformity of evaluation. Bosses' views coincide with those of subordinates on most issues, both substantive and instrumental. There is no systematic monitoring of the performance of the evaluated. It lacks the administrative area to disclose what to do with the results of the evaluations made.

Canadian education has historical roots in blatantly assimilationist policies bent on the social, economic, linguistic and spiritual subjugation of Aboriginal peoples and their cultures. Today, Canadian education has moved away from overtly colonialist discourses and publicly embraced the principles of multiculturalism. This research explores how and if this ideological shift has translated into the practice of contemporary Canadian education as it is experienced by students. My research focuses on the ways Canada’s colonial history and contemporary Aboriginal issues are addressed in mandatory Ontario high school social studies curriculum. This analysis is based on interviews with twenty-five recent high school graduates about what they remember learning about Aboriginal issues and how that knowledge has influenced their understanding of colonialism and Aboriginal peoples today. My interpretive analysis of students’ responses relies on the insights provided by critical pedagogy and postcolonial theory. By drawing on Gramsci, Freire and Apple I challenge the hegemonic practices in education that continue to marginalize Aboriginal peoples and their struggles. This research contributes to scholarship in the sociology of education and postcolonial studies by providing a unique picture of the ways in which young people come to understand Canada’s colonial legacy through their formal education, as well as providing insight into new directions for curriculum development, teacher training and more effective integration of anti-racist pedagogy in Ontario’s high schools. / Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2007-08-23 17:38:27.532

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The topic of this study is one specific area where the tension between instrumental rationality and value rationality becomes prominent: the question whether we have a rational responsibility for nature or not. Such a responsibility cannot be derived from instrumental reason, but it is argued that it can be derived from discourse ethics and communicative rationality. The study begins with an examination of Georg-Henrik von Wright's cultural criticism. It is argued that his subjectivist view of values limits reason to the realm of instrumental rationality. Horkheimer and Adorno's theory of instrumental reason is examined. They claim that instrumental reason, through the negative dialectics of the enlightenment, have created a vacuum with regard to values. Marcuse's anthropological solution to the problem of values, and his theory of an emancipatory science and technology, are examined and rejected as Utopian. The philosophy of Jürgen Habermas is examined, and it is shown how he solves the problem of his predecessors through the dual framework of work and interaction. His hypothesis of three knowledge- constitutive interests is analyzed, and it is concluded that a general theory of communication is needed in order to solve the problem of value rationality. It is shown how Habermas later theory of communicative rationality and discourse ethics overcomes the shortcomings of his earlier theory. It is argued, among other things, that his theory of communicative rationality is compatible with a correspondence theory of truth, ontological realism and epistemological fallibilism. Discourse ethics makes a rational discussion of values and norms possible. It is argued that it solves the problem of value rationality, but without providing a definition of the good or the right. It is shown that revisabilty is an important part of discourse ethics. This is manifested in the hypothetical status of discourse ethics, and in the revisability of the norms proposed. It is argued that we are in fact able to rationally propose a norm, which demands responsibility for nature within the framework of communicative rationality and discourse ethics, although such a norm must be the result of the outcome of a rational discourse and is itself, revisable. / digitalisering@umu

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4255.pdf: 1454653 bytes, checksum: 9119bd557178dc969f3c237c2973a994 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study aimed to understand the meaning and motivation that exist in student participation in various extracurricular activities in public universities, particularly in undergraduate research and student organizations. The degree course chosen for this research was Electrical Engineering at Unicamp. A questionnaire was used, which was answered by 111 students, and in a second step, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 of these students. The topics covered in the interviews were: life trajectory; education in public universities; undergraduate research and student movements, focusing on the action of the Centro Acadêmico (CA) and the Diretório Central dos Estudantes (DCE). Other issues were a result of these themes, like the academic performance coefficient and the práticas in other student organizations, like Empresa Júnior, Atlética, Trote da Cidadania, Mercado de Trabalho em Engenharia and Solidare. The discussed analysis categories were: formative trajectory and life project; the meaning of the public university and the confluences with the life project; and the meaning of the student movement and different interpretations of student participation. The analysis was based on concepts of alienation, surplus-value, use-value and exchange-value and relations of production, proposed by Marx, and of alienation, estrangement, suspension, subjectivity, intentionality, teleological pose, possibility and alternative, proposed by Lukács. From the reports of students, one could note the competitiveness and individualism found at the university life, always in the midst of many contradictions. It is concluded that the meaning attributed to student participation in extracurricular activities, permeated by instrumental rationality of this universiy life, rests predominantly on pragmatism and utilitarianism, despite the occasional moments of resistance. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo buscar compreender o sentido e a motivação que existiriam na participação dos estudantes em diferentes atividades extracurriculares na universidade pública, particularmente na iniciação científica e entidades estudantis organizadas. O curso de graduação escolhido para a realização desta pesquisa foi o da Engenharia Elétrica da Unicamp. Foi utilizado um questionário, respondido por 111 alunos e, em uma segunda etapa, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 13 destes estudantes. Os temas tratados nas entrevistas foram: trajetória de vida; formação na universidade pública; iniciação científica e movimento estudantil, com foco na atuação do Centro Acadêmico (CA) e Diretório Central dos Estudantes (DCE). Outros assuntos decorreram destes temas, como coeficiente de rendimento (CR) e as práticas em outras entidades estudantis organizadas, como Empresa Júnior, Atlética, Trote da Cidadania, Mercado de Trabalho em Engenharia e Solidare. As categorias de análise sistematizadas foram: trajetória formativa e projeto de vida; representação da universidade pública e as confluências com o projeto de vida; e representação do movimento estudantil e diferentes interpretações sobre a participação estudantil. A análise realizada foi baseada nos conceitos de alienação, mais-valia, valor de uso e valor de troca e relações de produção, propostos por Marx, e de alienação, estranhamento, suspensão, subjetividade, intencionalidade, pôr teleológico, possibilidade e alternativa, propostos por Lukács. Por meio da análise dos relatos dos estudantes, apontou-se para o cotidiano de competitividade e individualismo na universidade, sempre em meio a várias contradições. Conclui-se que o sentido atribuído à participação dos estudantes em atividades extracurriculares, permeado pela racionalidade instrumental deste cotidiano, recai predominantemente no pragmatismo e utilitarismo, ainda que estejam por vezes presentes átimos de resistência.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:11:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 114225.pdf: 1537462 bytes, checksum: f245fc2f6b044c9e8fefc26a669c1f31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research was conducted to understand the relationship between instrumental and substantive rationality in the different levels of decision making in a samba organization. Substantive rationality was first defended by the author Guerreiro Ramos to operationalize an alternative theory that emphasizes the existence of a substantive reason in social interactions, and maintain symbolic interaction interpersonal relationships in organizations, such as the distinction between work and occupation. Therefore seeks to add substantive rationality in the traditional decision making vision, into that, the human behavior expected by the organization should be transmitted at the highest levels of the administrative hierarchy to reach the employees. When the main organizational goal is to influence the behavior of employees, for achieving the expected result, lives up to instrumental rationality. The main objective was accomplished from a search on the Samba Organization União da Ilha da Magia, the youngest Samba Organization in the city of Florianopolis SC. As we entered the locus of research through documentary analysis, direct observations and interviews, the question of rationality emerged as a prominent theme for the decision-making activity of the organization. This research may contribute to the analysis and possible revision of the decision making processes of this kind of organization, conferring them a deeper organizational and technological understanding, while avoiding the exclusively empirical perception currently existing in the management of arts and social organizations. Through elements of discourse analysis, showed up in the discursive practices of decision makers, the predominance of instrumental rationality in top administration, and substantive rationality at intermediary levels of decision making. By the end, it was found that, paradoxically, in the event of the carnival parade, the leadership of the organization migrates from a recognized formal institutional structure to the operational structure. / Esta pesquisa busca compreender a relação entre as racionalidades instrumental e substantiva nos diferentes níveis de tomada de decisão de uma escola de samba. A racionalidade substantiva é defendida por Guerreiro Ramos que operacionaliza uma teoria alternativa que privilegia a existência de uma razão substantiva dentro dos espaços sociais, e defende a interação simbólica nos relacionamentos interpessoais nas organizações, como a distinção entre trabalho e ocupação. Busca assim agregar a racionalidade substantiva na tomada de decisão tradicional, em que o comportamento humano esperado pela organização deve ser transmitido dos mais altos escalões da hierarquia administrativa até chegar aos empregados de linha. Quando o principal objetivo organizacional é influenciar o comportamento dos empregados de linha, para que se alcance o resultado esperado, vive-se a racionalidade instrumental. Tal objetivo efetivou-se a partir de uma pesquisa na Escola de Samba União da Ilha da Magia, a mais nova escola de samba da cidade de Florianópolis. Conforme se adentrou no lócus de pesquisa, por meio de análise documental, observações diretas e entrevistas, a questão da racionalidade emergiu como um tema proeminente para a atividade de tomada de decisão desta organização. Este estudo poderá contribuir com a análise, e eventual revisão, dos processos de tomada de decisão da Escola de Samba, conferindo-lhe uma compreensão mais organizacional e técnica da mesma, evitando a percepção exclusivamente empírica existente atualmente na gestão de organizações artísticas e sociais. Por meio de elementos da análise do discurso, evidenciou-se, nas práticas discursivas dos tomadores de decisão, a presença predominante da racionalidade instrumental na alta administração, e de racionalidade substantiva nos níveis intermediários da tomada de decisão. Ao final, verificou-se que, paradoxalmente, no evento do desfile de carnaval, a liderança da organização migra de uma estrutura reconhecida como institucional formal para a estrutura operacional.