The thesis focuses on the status of court interpreters in the Czech Republic as a party cooperating with state authorities (courts and police) mainly in criminal proceedings. It aims to explore the work conditions of court interpreters in the Czech Republic. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part describes general features of court interpreting, the legal framework of court interpreting in the Czech Republic, the settings of court interpreting and the role of different participants of criminal proceedings. The second part examines the status of court interpreters in the Czech Republic through a questionnaire-based survey and interviews with court interpreters, representatives of courts and police officers. The survey showed that state authorities are not fully aware of the difficulty of court interpreting and do not create entirely suitable conditions for its practice. Considering also the low compensation of court interpreters, their status in the Czech Republic is rather problematic. The thesis was partly written in connection with the European project IMPLI (Improving Police and Legal Interpreting). Key-words: court interpreting, criminal proceedings, courts, police, act on experts and interpreters.

Like educators, speech-language pathologists can anticipate working with culturally and linguistically diverse students and their families. Data reported from the Study of Personnel Needs in Special Education (SPeNSE), 1999-2000, revealed that during the years 1999-2000 speech-language pathologists caseloads included students from various culturally and linguistically diverse groups (U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, 2001). Furthermore, on average, more than one-fourth of students seen by speech-language pathologists were from a culturally and/or linguistically diverse group than their own and 8.8% were English language learners (U.S. Department of Education, 2001). Thus, guaranteeing a highly qualified pool of speech-language pathologists to meet these students needs is essential. This study examined speech-language pathologists (a) beliefs about the language assessment of bilingual/bicultural/bidialectal students, (b) professional efficacy beliefs (both personal and general) as they relate to assessing the language skills of bilingual/bicultural/bidialectal students, and (c) reported supports and barriers to assessing the language skills of bilingual/bicultural/bidialectal students. It involved a mixed method research design (Tashakkori and Teddlie, 1998, 2002) and was organized into three central components that included a quantitative phase and a qualitative phase: (a) survey administration, (b) reflective analysis of the researchers experience as a speech-language pathologist, and (c) follow-up semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analyses of speech-language pathologists professional efficacy beliefs revealed that most speech-language pathologists believed they personally, and the field in general, were somewhat competent in assessing the language skills of bilingual/bicultural/bidialectal students. While none of the predictor variables were significantly related to personal efficacy, one of the predictor variables (Hispanic/Latino) was significantly related to general efficacy. Qualitative analysis of speech-language pathologists professional efficacy beliefs varied as a function of race/ethnicity. Higher beliefs of personal efficacy existed among speech-language pathologists of color. Perceived supports and barriers as well as the demographics of survey respondents, which highlight low numbers of speech-language pathologists from bilingual/bicultural/bidialectal backgrounds, confirmed the need to address assessment and intervention practices of bilingual/bicultural/bidialectal students.

This thesis focuses on the use of interpreters in Swedish healthcare. The overall aim was to explore how individuals, healthcare professionals and family members experience and perceive the use of interpreters in healthcare. The study design was explorative and descriptive. The thesis included Serbo-Croatian(Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian)speaking individuals(n=17), healthcare professionals(n=24), official documents(n=60)and family members(n=10)of individuals using interpreters in healthcare. Individual interviews, written descriptions, review of official documents in the form of incident reports from a single case study and focus group interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using phenomenography, qualitative content analysis and qualitative data analysis of focus group interviews. The overall finding from all perspectives was the wish to have a qualified interpreter whose role was as a communication aid but also as a practical and informative guide in healthcare. The perception of a qualified interpreter was someone highly skilled in medical terminology, Swedish and individuals’ native language with ability to adapt to different dialects, wearing non-provocative and neutral clothes, of the same gender, with a professional attitude and preferably in personal contact through face-to-face interaction. Besides being a communication aid, the interpreter was perceived as having an important role in helping individuals to find the right way to and within the healthcare system because foreign-born individuals were unable to understand information in healthcare. Another aspect was to have a well-developed organization with good cooperation between the parties involved in the interpretation situation, such as patients, interpreter, interpreter agency, family members and healthcare professionals to offer a good interpretation situation. In conclusion, the use of an interpreter was determined by individual and healthcare situational factors. Individualized holistic healthcare can be achieved by offering and using high-quality interpreters and cooperation within a well-developed interpreter organization.   Keywords: communication, healthcare service, patient-safe quality care, qualitative data collection, qualitative data analysis, users’ perceptions/experiences, utilization of interpreters.

剛到臺灣的新移民，首先會碰到的即是生育保健的相關事宜，包括健康檢查、登入基本資料等；而懷孕後，期間的孕期保健、產檢等都需要至衛生所或健康服務中心諮詢與檢查；待嬰兒出生後，有關新生兒的預防注射、產後的照顧或副食品的添加等，亦需要專業與完善的生育保健措施與資源。然而公衛護士或醫生在接觸的過程中，語言不通常常是最大的阻礙。另外，隨著新移民與外籍人士的增加，法院、檢調單位或是第一線的警察單位碰到所涉及之涉外案件，言語間的傳遞亦非常重要，因司法所涉及攸關當事人權利重大，司法案件所生之法律效力更是差之毫釐失之千里，故對於雙方間的意思表示清楚，才不會造成誤解以致憾事發生。據此，外籍配偶生育保健通譯人員與司法通譯人員所扮演的角色就非常關鍵，而也因此兩類所涉及較為專業，故需要較為專業的訓練，本研究即在分析此二類通譯人員的訓練成效。 分析之模型參考Kirkpatrick的四階層評估模型、Brinkerhoff六個階段評鑑模式，以及國內TTQS對於訓練機構評核指標項目標準。據此模型，利用深度訪談生育保健與司法的訓練機構以及外籍配偶通譯人員，分析通譯人員之學習與其學習移轉後行為的效果以及訓練機構對於訓練需求掌握、設計、實施和監控的回饋機制，最後將兩項評估的結果綜合分析，導出訓練成效。 深度訪談對象分為訓練機構與通譯人員，生育保健之訓練機構因統一由衛生局開辦訓練，故訪談對象為承辦台北市衛生局訓練有十年之久的賽珍珠基金會，通譯人員則包含有在衛生所與間康服務中心服務的新移民；司法訓練單位則分別訪談公部門與民間單位，公部門為高等法院，民間訓練機構為南洋台灣姐妹會，另外，通譯人員為目前有在地方法院擔任特約通譯的新移民。 分析結果本研究認為，生育保健通譯人員訓練成效上，稍微不足，在工作的回饋上可以掌握通譯人員的需求，然而因疏忽訓練上的回饋機制，故在訓練設計上可能無法有效解決學習上的困境；司法通譯人員則分別就法院與民間機構的培訓作訓練成效的評估，法院的訓練成效不顯著，因缺乏對於訓練實施上學習與行為的監控，導致無法有效的掌握訓練需求，而因訓練的設計係由法規範所訂，亦無法有效的再設計課程以符合通譯人員的期待。民間機構的整體的訓練成效則較顯著，在課程上透過活躍的分組情境模擬演練，以及定期的工作會議，重新設計更符合通譯人員需求與期待的課程。另外，透過訪談的整理，本研究發現影響訓練成效的因素有三，分別是個人、老師以及費用。 最後，本研究建議訓練單位之課程應分為職前初階課程與在職進階課程，而課程專業名詞的部分，應與各國的在台辦事處確認無誤後，將常見的專有名詞放入課程中。對於訓練的回饋機制應需掌握，並且輔以受服務之新移民的滿意度調查，才能有效監控訓練成效。另外，外籍配偶通譯人員有其重要性與專業性，盼政府相關單位尊重通譯人員，對於費用與課程應更提升。如此，才能營造良好的溝通環境，培養以及留住通譯人才。 / New immigrants will encounter issues related to reproduction health and judicature when they are married to Taiwan, the language barrier is often the biggest obstacle. For it relates to the interests of new immigrant, foreign spouse interpreters play a critical role. However, a lot professional knowledge is involved in these two fields, so the foreign spouse interpreters need more professional training. And this study is trying to evaluate the effect of their training. This study takes Four Level Evaluation Model by Kirkpatrick, Brinkerhoff Model by Brinkerhoff as well as Taiwan TTQS as reference evaluation model. According to this model, using in-depth interviews with training institutions and foreign spouse interpreters, Analyses the interpreter's learning process, behavior after learning and also the training institute’s feedback mechanisms regarding to understanding, design, execution and monitor of training needs. Finally, the two results of a comprehensive analysis derived an evaluation on the training effect. The results of this study conclude that reproduction health interpreters’ training effect is slightly insufficient, because of lack of the training feedback. And judicial interpreters are divided to Court and private training institution. Training effect of the Court is not significant, because of the lack of training implement monitoring, including learning and behavior. In contrast, the private training institution helps students learn through situational simulation exercises in the curriculum, regular staff meetings are set as well to redesign more in line with the needs and expectations interpreter courses, so the training effect is significant. Finally, this study suggest that：1. Training institutions should be divided into elementary courses and advanced courses; 2. Training institutions should confirm common proper nouns with other countries office in Taiwan; 3. Training institutions should master training feedback and supplemented by new immigrants service satisfaction survey, in order to effectively monitor the effect of training; 4. Respect for the professionalism of the foreign spouse interpreter by improving the pay and courses, for it is the only way to create a good communication environment and retain talent interpreters.

Bibliography: leaves [238]-244 / xi, 244 leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Computer Science, 1985

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Syracuse University, 2008. / "Publication number: AAT 3323039."

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_karla.pdf: 22670271 bytes, checksum: 56f889090afc039e2e4eb31343b49b61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / This work deals with the performance of the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) interpreter s actuation in an inclusive educational context, adopted in Brazil, due to the necessity of better knowing the results of this professional s participation in the school and social life of a deaf person. The great remarkable question pointed out is if this presence favors the deaf person s development and which demands are necessary for his interpretative effectiveness. Interpreting corresponds to a cognitive process in which messages from one language to another are exchanged (oral or sign). At the same time it represents a syntax, semantics and pragmatic decision making in two languages which always requires new interpretations. So, the interpreter does not need to be a mere explainer, but a bilingual professional, qualified for translating sign language (LIBRAS) into Portuguese. This work has been developed aiming at analyzing sign language (LIBRAS) interpreters reports regarding their contributions in order to improve the interaction between deaf people and listeners. In this sense, a qualitative methodology was used and as a research tool we selected an interview that provided reports from 10 (ten) sign language (LIBRAS) interpreters of public elementary II and high schools in Recife (which represents over 70% total). The data provided through the reports were classified and then analyzed based on the chosen theoretical frame of references. The professionals who were interviewed stated that they were satisfied with their work, although they admit there are several obstacles to overcome (which not always are). According to them, the interpreter s work lacks a better infrastructure than the one we have nowadays which demands actions that are already part of the public policies and that up to now haven t been implemented. We hope this work will contribute to help improve the performance of these professionals, since they have been forgotten and kept aside from who felt the necessity to count on someone who could facilitate communication among deaf and listeners / Este trabalho versa sobre a atuação do intérprete de LIBRAS no contexto educacional inclusivista, adotado no Brasil, diante da necessidade de conhecer melhor os resultados da participação desse profissional na vida escolar e social do surdo. A grande questão que se coloca é se essa presença favorece o desenvolvimento do surdo e quais as exigências que estão sendo feitas para a efetividade de sua ação interpretativa. O ato de interpretar corresponde a um processo cognitivo pelo qual se trocam mensagens de uma língua para outra (orais ou sinalizadas). Ao mesmo tempo, representa uma tomada de decisões sintáticas, semânticas e pragmáticas em duas línguas que impõem sempre novas interpretações. Portanto, o intérprete não deve ser apenas um explicador, mas um profissional bilíngüe, habilitado na interpretação da língua de sinais para a língua portuguesa. Elaboramos este trabalho com o objetivo de analisar os relatos dos intérpretes de LIBRAS sobre suas contribuições para a aprendizagem e melhoria da interação entre surdos e ouvintes. Para esse fim, utilizamos uma metodologia qualitativa, e como instrumento de pesquisa optamos pelo uso de uma entrevista que forneceu os relatos de 10 (dez) intérpretes de LIBRAS do Ensino Fundamental II e Médio, de escolas públicas estaduais da cidade do Recife, (o que representa mais de 70% do total). Os dados fornecidos, através dos relatos, foram categorizados e a seguir analisados à luz do referencial teórico adotado. Os sujeitos revelaram que estão satisfeitos com seu trabalho, embora reconheçam que existem inúmeros obstáculos a serem superados, e, nem sempre o conseguem. Segundo eles, o trabalho do intérprete carece de uma infra-estrutura melhor, visto que, a que dispomos atualmente deixa a desejar, o que demanda ações que já constam das políticas públicas e que, até o momento, não foram implementadas. Esperamos com este trabalho contribuir para que essa atuação fique cada vez mais bem delineada, posto que esse grupo de profissionais foi forjado diante do desconhecimento quase total dos ouvintes e surdos, os quais sentiram necessidade de contar com a presença de alguém que pudesse facilitar a comunicação entre eles

Introduktion: Migrationen har ökat markant det senaste decenniet. Detta leder till svårigheter att tillämpa vård på lika villkor för patienter som inte har sitt modersmål i landet de befinner sig i. Detta kräver att en tredje part som är tolk blir involverad för att underlätta kommunikationen mellan vårdgivare och patient. Syftet: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser vid användning av tolk i kommunikation med hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på vetenskapliga kvalitativa artiklar. Datainsamling genomförd i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Tolv utvalda artiklar har kvalitetsgranskats utifrån SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall (2012).  Resultat: Patienters upplevelser av tolkanvändning inom hälso- och sjukvården var varierande. Resultatanalysen redogörs i fem kategorier; Jämlik vård, oro för missförstånd och bristande tillit, informella tolkar, professionalism hos tolken, tillfredsställelse med telefontolk/videotolk respektive fysisk närvaro. Slutsats: Tillgången till auktoriserade tolkar upplevdes avgörande för att få en jämlik vård. Däremot upplevde deltagarna att det uppstod brist på auktoriserade tolkar samt information om tillgången till auktoriserade tolkar. Patienterna beskrev positiva såväl som negativa aspekter av tolkanvändning. Den negativa upplevelsen gentemot den auktoriserad tolken beskrevs som att det förekom dialektskillnader som ledde till missförstånd, bristande tillit över tolkens översättningsförmåga samt tolkens sätt att vara objektiv och neutral i sitt uppdrag. Detta resulterade i att patienterna valde att använda informella tolkar bland annat familjemedlemmar som saknade medicinska språkkunskaper. Vilket i sin tur ledde till svårigheter att uppnå patientdelaktighet och personcentrerad vård.   Nyckelord Tolk, patienters upplevelser, migranter, kommunikationssvårigheter, hälso- och sjukvård. / Introduction: Migration has increased significantly in recent decades. This leads to difficulties in applying care on equal terms to patients who don’t have their mother tongue in the country in which they are located, which requires the involvement of a third party who is an interpreter to facilitate communication between healthcare professionals and patients. Aim: the purpose is to investigate patients' experiences of using an interpreter in communication in health care.   Method: A general literature study based on scientific qualitative articles. Data collection was performed in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Twelve selected quality articles were reviewed based on the SBU quality review template (2012).     Results: Patients' experiences of interpreter use in health care vary. The results analysis is presented in five categories; Equal care, Concerns about misunderstandings and lack of trust, non-formal interpreters, professionalism of the interpreter, Satisfaction with telephone interpreter / video interpreter and physical presence.   Conclusion: The availability of authorized interpreters was perceived as crucial in order to receive equal care. However, the participants felt that there was a shortage of authorized interpreters and information about the availability of authorized interpreters. Patients described positive as well as negative aspects of interpreting. The negative experience towards the authorized interpreter was described as that there were dialect differences that led to misunderstandings, lack of trust in the interpreter's translation ability and the interpreter's way of being objective and neutral in his assignment. This resulted in patients choosing to use informal interpreters, including family members who lacked medical language skills. Which in turn led to difficulties in achieving patient participation and person-centered care.   Keywords Interpreters, patients' experiences, migrants, communication difficulties, health care.

Desde el 2010, el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Perú y China ha permitido un mayor intercambio económico entre estos países. Como resultado, el mercado de la traducción e interpretación que trabaja con chino mandarín y español se ha expandido dentro del territorio peruano. En este contexto, se esperaría que los traductores e intérpretes que trabajan con esta combinación lingüística perciban que su estatus profesional hubiese aumentado. Por ende, el objetivo de este trabajo es conocer cómo los traductores e intérpretes con lenguas de trabajo chino mandarín y español en el Perú perciben su estatus bajo los parámetros de remuneración, visibilidad y direccionalidad. Con este fin, se llevarán a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas a ocho de estos profesionales (cuatro empíricos y cuatro con educación profesional) que serán contactados por medio de un muestreo tipo bola de nieve. Los traductores e intérpretes que formarán parte del estudio serán aquellos con combinación lingüística chino mandarín-español que estuvieron activos en el mercado peruano durante al menos tres años hasta el 2019 o los años posteriores. Este trabajo podría contribuir a los estudios sobre el estatus de los traductores e intérpretes al abordar un grupo profesional con solo una combinación lingüística, un enfoque que no ha sido abordado con anterioridad. Además, constituiría un aporte a los estudios sobre traductores e intérpretes en el Perú, puesto que no existen estudios que aborden específicamente el estatus de estos ni se ha investigado a los traductores e intérpretes que trabajan con chino mandarín y español en este país. / The China-Peru Free Trade Agreement has enabled an increased economical exchange between these countries since 2010. As a result, there is an expansion of the Mandarin Chinese-Spanish translation and interpretating market in Peru. In this context, it is expected that translators and interpreters who work with this language pair perceive that their professional status has increased. The objective of this study is therefore to understand how translators and interpreters with Mandarin Chinese and Spanish as their language pair in Peru perceive their status under remuneration, visibility and directionality parameters. For this end, semi-structured interviews will be conducted to a group of eight professionals (four of them empirical and four with professional education) selected by a snowball sampling. This selected group will be composed of translators and interpreters with a Mandarin Chinese-Spanish language pair that have been active in the Peruvian market at least for three years until 2019 or the following years. This study will contribute to the research on the status of translators and interpreters by addressing professionals with one language pair which is an approach that has not been previously studied. Additionally, it will also contribute to the research of translators and interpreters in Peru since there are no previous studies that specifically address the status of these professionals, nor has there been any research on translators and interpreters working with Mandarin Chinese and Spanish in this country. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.