Este estudo, na configuração de uma tese de doutoramento, se dedica à temática das alianças intersetoriais, ou seja, a projetos de ação conjunta entre organizações com fins lucrativos, organizações sem fins lucrativos e o poder público, expresso pelas prefeituras locais. Conceitualmente, abordam-se alianças, considerando-as mais efetivas e eficazes, porque mais perenes do que as parcerias, cujo caráter, segundo a ótica desta tese, é pontual e momentâneo. A abordagem dessa temática demanda que a fundamentação teórica, a partir de uma linha de pesquisa voltada para o empreendedorismo e a responsabilidade social, resgate tópicos que se deslocam do processo de globalização presente na sociedade contemporânea, passando pela questão social, pela ação do Estado, pela necessidade de um desenvolvimento sustentável, finalizando com reflexões a respeito do Terceiro Setor. Na perspectiva de uma abordagem empírica que pudesse evidenciar na realidade concreta as discussões teóricas encetadas, está apresentada a pesquisa cujo locus foi o município de Cubatão. A experiência vivida por este município transita de um comprometimento com a qualidade de vida humana e ambiental para projetos sociais significativos, ainda que possa ser palco de outros embates sócio-ambientais frente às características de um importante pólo industrial. Usando de um instrumento já validado em pesquisa realizada pelo Ceats ? Centro de Empreendedorismo Social e Administração do Terceiro Setor ? e coordenada pela Profª Drª Rosa Maria Fischer, o estudo procurou evidenciar o comprometimento e a conjunção de ideais que possam estar presentes nas alianças entre essas três instâncias sociais: o mercado, as organizações da sociedade civil e o poder público. Para tanto, foram trabalhadas as seguintes categorias: alinhamento das expectativas, estratégias de ação, indicadores de comprometimento, indicadores de comunicação, divisão e estabelecimento de papéis, origem e destinação dos recursos, agregação de valor e, finalizando essas categorias, os sistemas de avaliação. Por conseguinte, este estudo, embasado nos fundamentos teóricos assinalados e nos dados empíricos coletados junto às instâncias sociais apontadas em suas práticas de alianças intersetoriais, apresenta resultados que evidenciam a pertinência dessas práticas, bem como permite conhecer uma visão crítica dos diferentes atores sociais envolvidos quando, mediante coleta de depoimentos, traz à luz o pensamento daqueles que se mostraram efetivamente vinculados a essa modalidade de alianças. E, finalmente, este estudo busca evidenciar que ações socialmente responsáveis não se restringem a práticas assistencialistas, ainda que não as desabone. Ações socialmente responsáveis são aquelas que conduzem a sociedade humana a uma transformação tal que possa ser descrita como um processo de humanização do humano que é histórico e que, por ser histórico, depende da ação de homens e de mulheres socialmente responsáveis. / This study, in the configuration of a thesis of doctorate, dedicates itself to the thematic of the intersectional alliances, it is, to projects of group actions among organizations with profit aims, without profit aims and public power express by local prefectures. Conceptually, talk about alliances, considering them more effective and efficacious, because more continual than the partnerships, whose character, according to the optic of this thesis, is punctual and momentary. The boarding of this thematic contests that the justification of the theory, from a line of research about enterprising and social responsibility, rescue topics that dislocate from the process of the globalization present in the contemporary society, passing by the social action, by the action of the Government, by the necessity of a sustainable development, finishing with reflections about the third sector. In the perspective of an empirical boarding which could evidence in the concrete reality the broached theory discussions, is presented the research whose locus was the municipal district of Cubatão. The experience lived by this district transit from a compromise with the quality of the human and environmental life to important social projects, with the possibility of being the stage of other socio-environmental impacts front to the characteristics of an important industrial pole. Using a tool already validated in research made by CEATS-? Centro de Empreendedorismo Social e Administração do Terceiro Setor ? and coordinated by the Profª Drª Rosa Maria Fischer, the study tried to evidence the compromise and conjunction of ideals which can be present in the alliances among these three social stays: the market, the organizations of the civil state and the public power. However, such categories were worked on: lining of the expectations, strategies of action, indicators of compromising, indicator of communication, division and establishment of paper, origin and destination of the resources, aggregation of value and, ending these categories, the systems of evaluation. In consequence, this study based on the signed theory justification and on the empirical information collected with the social signed stays in its practices in intersectional alliances, presents results which evidence the pertinence of these practices, as well as it permits the knowledge of a critical vision of the different involved social actors when, from collection of testimonials, brings the thoughts of those who presented themselves effectively linked to this modality of alliances. And finally, this study has the aim of evidencing that responsible social actions do not restrict themselves to attendance practices, not discrediting them. Responsible social actions are those which conduct the human society to a transformation which can be described as a process of humanization of the human which is historic and that, by being historic, it depends on the action of socially responsible men and women

The purpose of this study is to investigate underlying factors that create and maintain homogeneity in the advertising industry, and how those who produce advertising relate to this. The study is based on an intersectional perspective in order to reach a deeper understanding of how inequality is created in the advertising industry. The study's empirical data has been collected based on six qualitative interviews with women who work at different advertising agencies in Stockholm. Our results show that high financial, social and cultural capital affects the work opportunities favourably, and contributes to the industry's homogeneity. The term habitus has been used to locate and create an understanding of how homogeneity is created and reproduced. Furthermore, current norms and values ​​within the industry have been identified and have created an understanding for the appearance of the homogenity. The result also shows that the advertising as a product, and the informants' experiences of their own workplace are affected by the industry's homogeneity, which has led to the argumention for a greater diversity among the employees. Advertising has a position of power in today's consumer society where they have influence over people's self-identities, which has led to the argument for a greater diversity among employees would had been favorable for everyone in order to be to feel represented, but also that the homosocial reproduction where men currently possess positions with more power should be broken in order to create a more equal industry which in turn can be a step towards a more equal society. / Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilka processer som samverkar i skapandet och upprätthållandet av homogenitet i reklambranschen, utifrån ett intersektionellt perspektiv. Studiens empiri har samlats in utifrån sex kvalitativa intervjuer med kvinnor som arbetar på olika reklambyråer i Stockholm. Vårt resultat visar på att det krävs ett högt ekonomiskt, kulturellt och socialt kapital för att få jobb inom branschen. Begreppet habitus har används för att lokalisera och skapa en förståelse kring hur homogenitet skapas och reproduceras. I uppsatsen har det också identifierats att de olika könen befinner sig inom olika makt- och möjlighetsstrukturer inom branschen, vilket bland annat förklarats utifrån homosocial reproduktion. Resultatet visar att reklamprodukten och informanternas upplevelser av den egna arbetsplatsen påverkas av branschens homogenitet. Uppsatsen har skapat en insikt om att reklamskaparna har en maktposition i dagens konsumtionssamhälle där de besitter inflytande över människors självidentiteter. Därmed har det argumenterats för att det krävs en större mångfald bland de anställda för att bekämpa stereotypiserad reklam och låta alla känna sig representerade. Det har också framkommit att den homosociala reproduktionen där män i dagsläget besitter positioner med mer makt behövs brytas för att skapa en mer jämställd bransch som i sin tur kan vara ett steg mot ett mer jämställt samhälle.

She inches glass to break: conversations between friends is a project that aims to manifest, through research and practice, my own feminist language within the videos I have produced in my final year of my Masters of Fine Arts. My feminist language is Australian and intersectional, invested in combating sexism, racism and in deepening language and representation around sexuality in relation to Asian women. This project discusses my video She inches glass to break (2018) in length, which created intersectional feminist dialogue in response to feminist filmmaker Ulrike Ottinger’s film Ticket of No Return (1979) and Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961). Additionally, given this project’s investment in language, this body of work is influenced both by aspects of psychoanalysis – in which speech is central to a “therapeutic action” – and by feminist linguistics in which linguistic analysis reveals some of the mechanisms through which language constrains, coerces and represents women, men and non-binary people in oppressive ways.

<p>The main objective of this thesis is to study representations of ‘the immigrant’ in Swedish films during the last 30 years – 1970-2000. The main question is whether the films are to be seen as reproducing the dominant order in society or as subversive practices. Another question is why the representations of ‘immigrants’ in some aspects differ between different historical periods. The films selected are films with ‘immigrants’ in central roles, which are analysed using a discourse analysis. My theoretical framework includes theories about discourse, ideology, myth, gender and ethnicity, in a feminist and postcolonial perspective. The main conclusion is that the films analysed here, reproduce and challenge dominant discourses at the same time; they can be seen as both reproductive and subversive practices. On the one hand ‘the immigrant’ is represented as sympathetic, which I interpret as an anti-racist counter discourse. On the other hand most of the films also, in accordance with the dominant discourse, represent ‘the immigrant’ as fundamentally different. ‘The immigrant’ is used as a tool in different internal and historically specific political debates to embody the solution to the conflicts experienced in society at large. When modern urban society is criticized, ‘the immigrant’s’ role is to represent values belonging to the traditional society. ‘The immigrant’ can thereby be said to represent an utopian desire, insofar as s/he and his/her culture are constructed as the positive opposite of what is seen as negative in Swedish society during a specific historical period.</p>

The main objective of this thesis is to study representations of ‘the immigrant’ in Swedish films during the last 30 years – 1970-2000. The main question is whether the films are to be seen as reproducing the dominant order in society or as subversive practices. Another question is why the representations of ‘immigrants’ in some aspects differ between different historical periods. The films selected are films with ‘immigrants’ in central roles, which are analysed using a discourse analysis. My theoretical framework includes theories about discourse, ideology, myth, gender and ethnicity, in a feminist and postcolonial perspective. The main conclusion is that the films analysed here, reproduce and challenge dominant discourses at the same time; they can be seen as both reproductive and subversive practices. On the one hand ‘the immigrant’ is represented as sympathetic, which I interpret as an anti-racist counter discourse. On the other hand most of the films also, in accordance with the dominant discourse, represent ‘the immigrant’ as fundamentally different. ‘The immigrant’ is used as a tool in different internal and historically specific political debates to embody the solution to the conflicts experienced in society at large. When modern urban society is criticized, ‘the immigrant’s’ role is to represent values belonging to the traditional society. ‘The immigrant’ can thereby be said to represent an utopian desire, insofar as s/he and his/her culture are constructed as the positive opposite of what is seen as negative in Swedish society during a specific historical period.

Around the world many people are affected by war, persecution, rebellion, famine, etc. and are therefore forced to move and start a new life elsewhere under new conditions. The struggle for survival is one of the factors that force children to escape. Being forced into emigration and immigration is evident in people's lives and affect how their identities are constructed. My study is focused on how refugee young people are constructing their identities in the complex context in which they live. The intersectional perspective – maintaining that power relations are created and recreated in interaction with factors such as gender, age, ethnicity and location – is the basis for my study. I have tried to understand how these factors affect refugee youth identity construction. In order to answer my questions and get an idea of whether the refugee youth identity constructions constitute a transition to better opportunities or creating identification problems, I have conducted an ethnographic study in a multicultural school in a suburb in Stockholm. The selected group of study consisted of six refugee young people between 14 and 19 years of age who attend a so-called preparatory class. All of them live with their families and they all have been living in Sweden for less than one year. I have focused on six thematic categories: background, gender, and ethnicity, social network, future and positioning. My choice of perspective on identity constructions is based on the premise that people are constantly looking for social recognition. When meeting other persons they are positioning themselves in different ways, by testing limits and facing the consequences, thereby constructing their identities. Exercise of power and powerlessness are expressed in different ways in their daily lives in which they are seeking their positions in a restricted social network. The result of my study shows that the informants are located in a field of tension between the quest for liberation and identification problems in the paradoxical context that they are in. The dilemma, on the one hand their wish to maintain their ethnic identity and on the other hand to question it, is expressed in their relation to “Swedishness” and the Swedish language. The informants are also using different strategies when they try to construct and maintain their gender identities. Their life chances vary depending on the options available. My informants did actually create an immigrant identity that stands as an antithesis of being Swedish. They all agree that they are striving for self-realization and a brighter future, a future that not least could render them some symbolic capital. But the path towards such goals does not seem to be an easy task. / Ute i världen drabbas många människor av krig, förföljelse, uppror, svält m.m. och tvingas därför att flytta och starta ett nytt liv någon annanstans under nya villkor. Kampen för överlevnad är en av de faktorer som tvingar barn till flykt. Att tvingas till utvandring och invandring sätter spår i människors liv och påverkar hur deras identiteter konstrueras. Min studie tar sin utgångspunkt i hur flyktingungdomar konstruerar sina identiteter i den komplexa kontext som de befinner sig i. Det intersektionella perspektivet – som går ut på att maktrelationer skapas och omskapas i samspelet med faktorer såsom kön, ålder, etnicitet och plats – ligger till grund för min studie. Jag har försökt förstå hur dessa faktorer påverkar flyktingungdomarnas identitetskonstruktioner. För att besvara mina frågeställningar och få en uppfattning om huruvida flyktingungdomars identitets­konstruktioner utgör en övergång till bättre möjligheter eller skapar identifika­tionsproblem har jag genomfört en etnografisk studie i en mångkulturell skola i en av Stockholms förorter. Urvalsgruppen bestod av sex flyktingungdomar mellan 14 och 19 år som går i en så kallad förberedelseklass. Alla bor med sina familjer och alla har vistats i Sverige i mindre än ett år. Jag har utgått från sex tematiska kategorier: bakgrund, kön, etnicitet, nätverk, framtid och positionering. I mitt val av perspektiv på identitetskonstruktioner är utgångspunkten att människor ständigt söker socialt erkännande. I mötet med de andra positionerar de sig på olika sätt genom att testa gränser och möta konsekvenser, därigenom konstruerar de sina identiteter. Maktutövning och maktlöshet uttrycks på olika sätt i deras vardag där de söker sina platser i ett begränsat nätverk. Resultatet visar att informanterna befinner sig i ett spänningsfält mellan å ena sidan strävan efter bättre möjligheter och å andra sidan identifikationsproblem i den paradoxala kontext som de befinner sig i. Dilemmat med att å ena sidan vilja vidmakthålla sin etniska identitet och å andra sidan ifrågasätta den uttrycks i förhållandet till svenskhet och till det svenska språket. Informanterna använder sig också av olika strategier för att iscensätta och upprätthålla sina könsidentiteter. Deras livschanser varierar beroende på vilka möjligheter som erbjuds. Ungdomarna har konstruerat en invandraridentitet som står som motpol till svenskhet. De var alla eniga om att de strävar efter självförverkligande och en ljusare framtid, en framtid som inte minst kan skänka dem symboliskt kapital, men vägen dit tycks inte enkel.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur de interpersonella relationerna i arbetslagen på förskolan påverkas av yrkesgruppernas skilda utbildningsnivåer och deras olika ansvars­uppgifter, vilka specificerats i förskolans läroplan (Skolverket 2010). Jag har genomfört intervjuer med fem barnskötare och fem förskollärare. Deras utsagor har analyserats utifrån ett maktperspektiv med utgångspunkt i Michel Foucaults diskursteori. Utsagorna har också analyserats från ett interpersonellt, och ett intersektionellt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att utsagorna i yrkesgrupperna liknar varandra, och att det finns uttryck för makt mer eller mindre uttalat mellan yrkesgrupperna. Både förskollärare och barnskötare använder värderande termer när de talar om sin egen, och andra yrkesgruppen. Studien har också visat att arbetet i arbetslag är viktigt och att arbetslaget har en stark position i förskolan. Relationerna mellan pedagogerna verkar vara en viktigare fråga än skillnader i de anställdas didaktiska färdigheter. / The purpose of this study is to examine how interpersonal relationships in preschool teams affected by occupational groups different levels of education, and their respective responsibilities as specified in the Swedish pre-school curriculum (Skolverket 2010). I have done interviews with five nursery assistants and five preschool teachers. Their statements were then analyzed from the perspective of power by Michel Foucault's discourse theory. The statements have also been examined from an interpersonal and an intersectional perspective. The result shows that the statements within each occupational category are similar. There are expressions of power, more or less pronounced between the occupational groups. Both preschool teachers and nursery assistants expressed themselves with evaluative terms when they spoke of their own and the other professional group. The study has also shown that the work of the team is important, and that it has a strong position in pre-school. The relationship between the teachers seems to be a more important issue than differences in the employees’ didactic skills.

Domestic violence is a global issue, and despite awareness of the issue increasing, the prevalence to which women are being physically and mentally abused is increasing. This study aimed to qualitatively investigate the impact of cultural barriers on the provision of aid to victims of abuse from the perspectives of social workers within a domestic violence care organisation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Social workers within the organisation were interviewed to examine their personal experiences of working with clients from different cultural backgrounds and the results were analysed using the ecological model and the intersectional theory, as well as using earlier research conducted on the issue. The findings showed that the culture of a client can have an effect with regards to abused women seeking help, though the practices of the organisation were generally not impacted based on the cultural background of a client.

Racism is a serious barrier to achieving employment equity in Canada. The intersectional nature of oppression creates a situation where, based on various characteristics including gender, place of birth, and ethnic group membership, individuals experience employment related racism differently from one another. This intersectionality indicates that policies that may protect one marginalized group may not protect all groups equally. Through an examination of current employment equity research and reports, an overview of employment equity and human rights legislation in Canada, and an analysis of data collected in three interviews with Black men living in Victoria, British Columbia, a series of recommendations are made for employers, allies, and policy changes. This research illuminates the inequity of employment experiences in Canada, and provides suggestions for next steps forward from members of a population currently underserved by existing employment equity measures. / Graduate / 0733 / 0631 / 0630 / jmetz@uvic.ca

The issue of the Islamic headscarf has been in the centre of the political debate whether it fits into the Western culture or not. Several member-states in the European Union have issued laws and regulations that impose restrictions on wearing the Islamic headscarf in the public sphere. Even some EU courts have ruled such restrictions imposed by member-states. Recently, this issue has been discussed in the context of the occupational life. In a dispute before the European Court of Justice, the ban was considered as legitimate. In this research, I analyse the judgment from a socio-legal perspective and analyse the intersectional identity of Mrs. Achbita who is a party in the dispute, considering that she belongs to the social category of veiled working Muslim women.