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Vi lever i en värld av ständig utveckling och för att vara konkurrenskraftiga behöver organisationer följa med i denna utveckling. En förutsättning för innovationer och förbättringsarbete är förmågan att göra organisationens medarbetare delaktiga i arbetet. I och med Covid-19-pandemin blev distansarbete det nya normala och synen på arbetsplatsen förändrades. Den här studiens syfte har varit att bidra med kunskap om hur ledare och medarbetare ser på möjligheter till delaktighet vid ett flexibelt arbetssätt. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med intervjuer av ledare och medarbetare i en offentlig organisation. Organisationen som valdes hade nyligen infört ett flexibelt arbetssätt i samband med återgången efter Covid-19 pandemin. I studien framkom sju teman som på olika sätt har betydelse för förutsättningarna att skapa delaktighet i arbetet. Dessa teman var Autonomi, Kommunikation, Relationer och gruppidentitet, Utveckling, Produktivitet, Tillit och Ledarskap. En möjlighet som framkom i studien var ett ökat inflytande över beslut rörande arbetstid och -plats. Studien visar på att en av de större utmaningarna för delaktighet är kommunikation, främst rör detta hybridmöten och avsaknaden av spontana interaktioner. I studien framkommer också att ledare behöver skapa bra strukturer för kommunikation för att främja både de sociala banden och de arbetsrelaterade uppgifterna. Ledare behöver också vara närvarande och uppmärksamma varje medarbetare så att dessa känner sig inkluderade och sedda, även när arbetet sker på distans. / We live in a world of constant change and to be competitive, organizations need to keep up with this development. A prerequisite for innovations and improvements is the organization's ability to involve its employees. With the Covid-19 pandemic, working from home became the new norm and the perception of the workplace changed. The purpose of this study has been to contribute knowledge of how leaders and employees view opportunities for participation when working flexible. The study is based on a qualitative approach with interviews of leaders and employees in a public organization. The studied organization had recently introduced a flexible way of working when returning to the workplace after the Covid-19 pandemic. The study revealed seven themes that in different ways are important for creating employee participation. These themes were Autonomy, Communication, Relationships and Group Identity, Development, Productivity, Trust and Leadership. One possibility for participation that emerged in the study was an increased influence on decisions regarding working arrangements. The study shows that one of the major challenges for participation is communication, mainly concerning hybrid meetings and the lack of spontaneous interactions. The study also shows that leaders need to create good structures for communication to promote both the social ties and the work-related tasks. Leaders also need to be present and pay attention to each employee so that they feel included and seen, even when working remotely. / <p>2022-06-05</p>

Bipolar disorder is a condition rarely approached in anthropological research, and even less so through the eyes of people living with the disorder. Therefore, to focus on understanding the experience of the state in-between episodes, here referred to as a “white space”, is rare and in need of further examination. The aim of this study was to explore the various experiences of a “white space”, how it is constructed, disrupted, and maintained. The thesis is also an attempt to look at what factors affect these experiences using the anthropology of becoming, and concepts of power and agency. With the interviews of eleven individuals that have experienced different lengths of “white spaces”, a representative of a non-profit organization, a clinical psychologist, and minor participant observation, the author explores the complex views, interpretations, and experiences of a life within a “white space”. Apart from the sub-field of medical anthropology, the thematic framework and concepts involve the anthropology of becoming, agency, and power to explain and discuss the “white space” experience. The analysis shows that a “white space” has many different forms and that agency and power have a great impact on the experience. What the author also discusses in the analysis is the dynamic between what they define as knowledge-production and knowledge-sharing, alongside agency and power in relation to these “white space” experiences. The author emphasizes the importance in using these concepts to further understand and affect the experiences of “white spaces” positively. The conclusion summarizes the findings and emphasizes the need to explore this form of research further.

The concepts of knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing are commonly reocurring theme in the application of knowledge management in organizations. Effort has been made to facilitate the development of IT consulting firms' knowledge sharing processes to increase their competitive viability on the market. However, due to a high employee turnover rate in projects that are part of IT consulting firms' internal work, a decreased efficiency and structure in IT consultancies' internal knowledge generating work has caused a reduced quality of their products. This theses has evaluated the internal work related to knowledge transfer in a Swedish IT consulting firm by performing a qualitative research approach in the form of semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with a selection of respondents working at the company, and were based on a ser of themes derived from a pre-study and literature review.  The results from the interviews identified various improvement factors in promoting efficient knowledge sharing between IT consultants, such as making clear documentation of conducted work in a common and simplified language, mandatory for off boarding consultants handling over their work to on boarding consultants. The results also suggested the utilization of a common digital platform between consultants, the Scrum methodology, as well as a leader with clear directives. The suggested factors were then implemented in a proposed extended framework of the Knowledge Transfer Process Model (KTPM) described in the literature study.  The conclusion from evaluating the Swedish IT consulting firm further motivates the implemented modifications of the KTPM as key elements to facilitate the utilization of consultants workin in an uncertain work environment with high empoyee turnover rates, as well as helping IT consulting firms that focuses on software development to build a knowledge -sharing compatible environment. There is potential to further explore the are of knowledge transfer within IT consultancies. Hence, future researcg on the subject is recommended. / Begreppen kunskapsöverföring och kunskapsdelning är vanligt återkommande taman i tillämpningen av kusnkapshantering i organisationer. Ansträngningar har gjorts för att underlätta utvecklingen av IT-konsultföretagens kunskapsdelningsprocesser för att öka deras konkurrenskraft på marknaden. På grund av hög personalomsättning i projekt som ingår i IT konsultföretagens interna arbete har en minskad effektivitet och struktur i IT-konsulternas interna kunskapsgenererande arbete orsakat en försämrad kvalitet på deras produkter. Detta examensarbete har utvärderat det interna arbetet med kusnkapsöverföring i ett svenskt IT konsultföretag genom att utföra en kvalitativ forskningsansats i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna genomfördes med ett urval av respondenter som arbetade på företaget och baserade sig på en uppsättning teman som härleddes från en förstudie och litteraturgenomgång. Resultaten från intervjuerna identifierade olika förbättringsfaktorer för att främja effektiv kunskapsledning mellan IT-konsulter, såsom att göra tydlig dokumentation av utfört arbete på ett gemensamt och förenklat språl obligatoriskt för konsulter som lämnar över sitt arbete till andra konsulter. Resultaten föreslog också användningen av en gemensam digital plattform mellan konsulter, användningen av Scrum metodiken, samt ett tydligt och direkt ledarskap. De föreslagna faktorerna implementerades sedan i ett utökat ramverk av Knowledge Transfer Process Model (KTPM) som beskrivs i litteraturstudien. Slutsatsen från utverderingen av det svenska IT-konsultföretaget motiverar ytterligare de genomförda modifikationerna av KTPM som nyckelement för att underlätta utnyttjandet av konsulter som arbetar i osäker arbetsmiljö med hög personalomsättning, samt hjälpa IT-konsultföretag som fokuerar på mjukvaruutveckling att bygga en miljö som är kompatibel med kunskapsdelning. Det finns potential att ytterligare utforska området för kunskapsöverföring inom IT-konsultföretag. Därför rekommenderas framtida forskning i ämnet.

This research is concerned with possible applications of e-Learning as an alternative to onsite training sessions when supporting the integration of machine learning into the product development process. Mainly, its aim was to study if e-learning approaches are viable for laying a foundation for making machine learning more accessible in integrated product development processes. This topic presents itself as interesting as advances in the general understanding of it enable better remote learning as well as general scalability of knowledge transfer. To achieve this two groups of employees belonging to the same corporate group but working in two very different geographical regions where asked to participate in a set of training session created by the authors. One group received the content via in-person workshops whereas the other was invited to a series of remote tele-conferences. After both groups had participated in the sessions, some member where asked to be interviewed. Additionally. The authors also arranged for interviews with some of the participants’ direct managers and project leaders to compare the participants’ responses with some stakeholders not participating in the workshops. A combination of a qualitative theoretical analysis together with the interview responses was used as the base for the presented results. Respondents indicated that they preferred the onsite training approach, however, further coding of interview responses showed that there was little difference in the participants ability to obtain knowledge. Interestingly, while results point towards e-learning as a technology with many benefits, it seems as though other shortcomings, mainly concerning the human interaction between learners, may hold back its full potential and thereby hinder its integration into product development processes. / Detta forskningsarbete fokuserar på tillämpningar av elektroniska utlärningsmetoder som alternativ till lokala lektioner vid integrering av maskininlärning i produktutvecklingsprocessen. Framförallt är syftet att undersöka om det går att använda elektroniska utlärningsmetoder för att göra maskininlärning mer tillgänglig i produktutvecklingsprocessen. Detta ämne presenterar sig som intressant då en djupare förståelse kring detta banar väg för att effektivisera lärande på distans samt skalbarheten av kunskapsspridning. För att uppnå detta bads två grupper av anställda hos samma företagsgrupp, men tillhörande olika geografiska områden att ta del i ett upplägg av lektioner som författarna hade tagit fram. En grupp fick ta del av materialet genom seminarier, medan den andra bjöds in till att delta i en serie tele-lektioner. När båda deltagargrupper hade genomgått lektionerna fick några deltagare förfrågningar om att bli intervjuade. Några av deltagarnas direkta chefer och projektledare intervjuades även för att kunna jämföra deltagarnas åsikter med icke-deltagande intressenter. En kombination av en kvalitativ teoretisk analys tillsammans med svaren från intervjuerna användes som bas för de presenterade resultaten. Svarande indikerade att de föredrog träningarna som hölls på plats, men vidare kodning av intervjusvaren visade på undervisningsmetoden inte hade större påverkningar på deltagarnas förmåga att ta till sig materialet. Trots att resultatet pekar på att elektroniskt lärande är en teknik med många fördelar verkar det som att brister i teknikens förmåga att integrera mänsklig interaktion hindrar den från att nå sitt fulla potential och därigenom även hindrar dess integration i produktutvecklingsprocessen.

The transition toward a robust, resource-effective, and renewable energy system faces many challenges. The demand for electricity is expected to rapidly increase over the coming years due to the electrification of society resulting in a need for more transmission capacity in the grid. Distributed energy systems are argued to be part of this transition and the implementation of small-scale distributed energy resources has grown enormously over the last few years. Energy communities, a way to collectively produce and consume energy in a local context, have been shown to support the energy transition while providing flexibility to the grid. The interplay of actors in energy communities is argued to aid in handling the increased complexity of the energy system. Knowledge sharing is considered fundamental for energy communities to emerge and a way to facilitate the management of knowledge transfer is argued to be important, but not currently existing. The purpose of the study is to explore how knowledge sharing in and between energy communities can be strategically managed and organized, both in terms of aiding the development of energy communities and upscaling the concept. This was achieved by implementing a qualitative approach consisting of a comprehensive literature review accompanied by empirical findings through interviews with relevant actors. The collected data were analyzed by applying the theoretical concepts Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems, Knowledge Management, and Inter-Organizational Systems. The results showed that several key elements must be considered to be successful in sharing knowledge within and between energy communities. The Key Elements Strategy Model is presented as an overall approach that can be adapted for enabling application in different contexts and constellations. Since the concept of energy communities is expected to be further developed, it motivates the implementation of a systematic approach that can be used iteratively to continuously gain, capture and share new knowledge. There is a lot of potential to further investigate the area of knowledge sharing in the development of energy communities and future research on the subject is recommended. / Övergången till ett robust, resurseffektivt och förnybart energisystem står inför många utmaningar. Efterfrågan på el förväntas öka snabbt under de kommande åren då elektrifieringen av samhället leder till ett behov av mer överföringskapacitet i nätet. Distribuerade energisystem hävdas vara betydande i energiomställningen och införande av småskaliga distribuerade energiresurser har vuxit enormt under de senaste åren. Energigemenskaper, ett sätt att kollektivt producera och konsumera energi lokalt, har visat sig stödja omställningen samtidigt som det ger flexibilitet till nätet. Samspelet som krävs mellan de aktörer som ingår i energigemenskaper förväntas kunna bistå i hanterandet av den ökade komplexiteten i energisystemet. En grundläggande aspekt för uppskalningen av energigemenskaper är delning av kunskap. Att hantera kunskapsdelning inom projekten på ett organiserat sätt har pekats ut som väldigt viktigt, men inte existerande i dagsläget. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kunskapsdelning inom och mellan energigemenskaper ur ett strategiskt perspektiv bör hanteras och organiseras, både med avseende på att stödja utvecklingen av energigemenskaper samt uppskalning av konceptet. Detta uppnåddes genom att utföra en kvalitativ studie bestående av en omfattande litteraturstudie och intervjuer med relevanta aktörer. Den insamlade datan analyserades genom att tillämpa Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems, Knowledge Management och Inter-Organizational Systems. Resultaten visade att flera nyckelelement måste tas i beaktning för att lyckas med att dela kunskap inom och mellan energigemenskaper. The Key Elements Strategy Model presenteras som ett övergripande tillvägagångssätt som kan anpassas för att möjliggöra tillämpning i olika sammanhang och konstellationer. Eftersom energigemenskaper som koncept förväntas utvecklas vidare så är implementering av ett systematiskt iterativt tillvägagångssätt för att kontinuerligt skapa, fånga och dela kunskap motiverat. Det finns mycket potential att ytterligare undersöka området för kunskapsdelning i utvecklingen av energigemenskaper och framtida forskning i ämnet rekommenderas.

Denna uppsats utforskar effektiviteten av klimatanpassningsåtgärder i Norrköpings kommun, med särskilt fokus på hanteringen av ökad klimatpåverkan. Genom en detaljerad genomgång av klimatförändringarnas påverkan på den urbana infrastrukturen identifierar studien centrala utmaningar och strategiska val som har implementerats mellan åren 2010 och 2024. Med användning av tematisk analys som både metod och teoretiskt ramverk, analyseras data insamlat från djupgående intervjuer och omfattande dokumentstudier för att ge en systematisk överblick av de anpassningsstrategier som tillämpats. Resultatet i denna uppsats utforska och analysera de utmaningar som svenska kommuner står inför i sin strävan att anpassa sig till det ökande behovet av klimatanpassningsåtgärder. Resultaten diskuteras i ljuset av tidigare forskning om institutionell kapacitet, styrningsmekanismer och samverkan mellan olika sektorer. Denna forskning bidrar till en djupare förståelse för de politiska, tekniska och administrativa aspekterna av klimatanpassning. / This thesis explores the effectiveness of climate adaptation measures in Norrköping Municipality, with a particular focus on managing increased precipitation levels and stormwater. Through a detailed examination of the impact of climate change on urban infrastructure, the study identifies key challenges and strategic choices implemented between the years 2010 and 2024. Using thematic analysis as a method and theoretical framework, data collected from in-depth interviews and extensive document studies are analyzed to provide a systematic overview of the adaptation strategies employed. The study's findings reveal a range of adaptive measures that have been utilized to mitigate the effects of climate change. The results are discussed in light of previous research on institutional capacity, governance mechanisms, and collaboration between different sectors. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the political, technical, and administrative aspects of climate adaptation.

Purpose: This study investigates how software development organizations can identify and utilize tacit knowledge effectively, aiming to develop a practical framework based on empirical data. By exploring methods for accessing and sharing tacit knowledge, the research seeks to enhance organizational efficiency and innovation in software development. Method: The study is conducted through a qualitative case study within a large software development consultancy. The analysis is based on 27 interviews, conducted with employees from the case company. These were later analyzed in a thematic analysis. Findings: We have pinpointed three barriers, alongside identifying three critical components for establishing a robust organizational framework for knowledge sharing. These include culture, empowerment, and practices. Additionally, we have categorized agile practices into socialization and externalization modes and evaluated them from a knowledge sharing perspective, investigating their respective benefits and utility for knowledge sharing in an agile software development organization. Theoretical contributions: The study adds to the literature on knowledge sharing and agile knowledge management. Providing a more practical, concrete, and defined view of how knowledge can be managed, especially in agile software development organizations and contributing with a comprehensive framework for creating a knowledge sharing organization. Practical implications: The practical implication of this study is that managers can better understand different agile tools and in which way they affect knowledge sharing in the organization so that they can be applied more accurately. The framework also provides recommendations for how the organization should be structured and different aspects to focus on to best support knowledge sharing and knowledge sharing practices. Limitations and future research: The most significant limitation is that the data was collected at one consultancy company operating in the software development industry. As such, the results might lack transferability to other industries. The study also lays a foundation for future research to go deeper into specific activities and see their effects. Keywords: Tacit Knowledge, Software Development, Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge Management, Agile Methodologies, Software Development Life Cycle.

Introduction How we can increase children’s opportunities to participate and influence society is a highly topical issue. Against the background of a reduced commitment to political participation and a reduced trust in politicians (see e.g. Amnå &amp; Ekman, 2013; Öhrnvall, 2023), it becomes more important to work on promoting dialogues between decision-makers and citizens. These dialogues can contribute to deepening and strengthening democracy (Bornemark, 2017). The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (SFS 2018:1197) describes the child’s right to form and express his or her views and to have these considered. Swedish youth policy describes the goal as "all young people should have good living conditions, the power to shape their lives and have influence over the development of society" (Prop. 2013/14:191). In addition to the statutory requirements for children’s and young people’s opportunities for participation and influence, there are positive individual and societal benefits. The work with children’s and young people’s participation strengthens social capital and reduces social exclusion (Andersson &amp; Sandgren, 2015; Wennerholm, Juslin &amp; Bremberg, 2004). Municipalities must ground their efforts in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is incorporated into Swedish law and stated in political objectives. However, in several municipalities, politicians and civil servants find it difficult to put their knowledge of the Convention into practical work (see e.g. Barnombudsmannen, 2022; Stern &amp; Jörnlund, 2011).  Children and young people have been the main focus in previous studies regarding the work with children’s and young people’s influence. These studies have examined children’s and young people’s political interest and commitment (see e.g. Amnå &amp; Ekman, 2013; Amnå, Ekström &amp; Stattin, 2016; Tukkannen, Kankaaranta &amp; Wilska, 2012) and the significance of forums for the future of democracy such as youth councils (Kassman &amp; Vamstad, 2019; 2022). Other studies have shed light on forums for children’s and young people’s opportunities for participation and influence and how children and young people are given the opportunity to develop by participating in these forums (Andersson, 2018a; Harada, 2023; Kassman &amp; Vamstad, 2019). Informal learning focuses mainly on how children and young people learn to cooperate (Harada, 2023), develop their thoughts by listening to others (Kassman &amp; Vamstad, 2019), and develop their democratic skills (Andersson, 2018a; Harada 2023; Kassman &amp; Vamstad, 2019). There are also studies that have emphasized pedagogical perspectives on adults’ attitudes and the consequences for the way they approach children and young people (Andersson, 2015, 2018a, 2018b, 2022). Viewing young people as future citizens rather than current citizens has been described as a risk that limits their opportunities for participation (Taft &amp; Gordon, 2013). While these previous studies have focused to a greater extent on children and young people, they lack in focus regarding adults and their learning (politicians and civil servants), meaning what skills, abilities, and knowledge adults develop (see e.g. Andersson, 2015, 2018a; Harada, 2023; Kassman &amp; Vamstad 2019; Svensson, 2006; Waara et al., 2010). This study focuses on the adults by highlighting the conditions and expressions of politicians’ and civil servants’ learning in their work on increasing children’s and young people’s influence. A large proportion of the decisions concerning children and young people are made at the municipal level. Local civil servants and politicians deal with a wide range of issues relating to schools, social services, leisure, and community planning, a complex task that requires both education and acquired knowledge in these areas. In a changing world with various demands on the organization, knowledge development and learning processes become central to meeting the challenges they face (see e.g. Argote, 2011; Tjulin &amp; Klockmo, 2023; Sunnemark et al., 2023). The point of departure for this study is that politicians and civil servants have both individual and collective experiences as well as knowledge that can be made visible when they work with children’s and young people’s influence. The learning that takes place within organizations thus becomes central to adapting, developing, and managing the changes in the work that politicians and civil servants are faced with (see e.g. Argote &amp; Miron-Spektor, 2011).  Aim and research question In this study, the focus is on conditions for and expressions of politicians’ and civil servants’ learning in their work on children’s and young people’s influence. Conditions are understood as what enables and hinders learning, which reflects the premises for what kind of learning is made possible in their work. Central to their work on increasing children’s and young people’s influence is dialogue, which makes it possible to share experiences and knowledge.  The purpose of this study is to examine the conditions and expressions of politicians’ and civil servants’ learning in their work with children's and young people's influence. The following research questions guided the study:  x How do politicians and civil servants describe the experiences they bring with them from their work with children and young people?  x What conditions enable and hinder the learning processes of politicians and civil servants in their work with children’s and young people’s influence?  Method This study emanates from data produced between October 2020 and June 2022, primarily through observations of meetings in which nine politicians and 16 civil servants participated. The study is designed as a case, where the case is framed by the model that the municipality has designed for their work on children’s and young people’s influence. The study’s empirical data has been collected through observations and dialogue sessions. Through these observations of their work, it became possible to see how their understanding is expressed (see e.g. Lalander, 2015; Kawulich, 2005). In doing so, the observations have been a prerequisite for studying conditions and expressions that emerge while they work and how these can enable or hinder politicians’ and civil servants’ learning. The study’s dialogue sessions were inspired by unstructured focus groups (Wibeck, 2010) and reflexive participant collaboration (Motulsky, 2021). Prior to the dialogue session, participants viewed a stimulus material based on the observations. These meetings allowed politicians and civil servants to develop their thoughts about the work previously observed (see e.g. Motulsky 2021; Wibeck, 2010). The empirical material that forms the basis of the analysis consists of three parts, (1) observation notes, (2) transcripts from dialogue sessions and (3) written documents. In the current study, data triangulation has been used. By collecting data in such a way, it’s possible to see what commonly occurs on different occasions and what becomes visible in situated contexts (Fusch, Fusch &amp; Ness, 2018). It can be described by the way observations relate to different activities between people and groups where the context becomes central. Triangulation has been used in this study to deepen knowledge about how these different factors complement each other in the municipality’s work. All data was analysed through a thematic analysis based on the work of Braun and Clarke (2006). The analysis aimed to identify and investigate patterns in the material in relation to the purpose of the study and resulted in five themes with subthemes. Results The study’s material shows how politicians’ and civil servants’ experience external demands and internal expectations become prerequisites for the shaping of their learning processes. The external and internal contexts create conditions for what knowledge both individuals, groups, and the organization obtain (see e.g. Argote 2013; Argote &amp; Miron-Spector, 2011). The study shows how their work is shaped by external requirements which contain overall goals based on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the national goals for youth policy (SFS 2018:1197; Prop. 2013/14:191). The external context is also shaped by existing norms, such as norms about age, and the way politicians formulate policies that are institutionalized in their work (see e.g. Butler, 1980). Norms regarding children and childhood shape their work including policies and politics. In the external contexts of the work, there is also a contradiction that can be exemplified by nationally prevalent political expressions such as "being the adult in the room" which comes into conflict with the point of view regarding children as competent actors, stated in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (SFS 2018:1197). The different demands formulated by the external context also have an impact on how the local goals and efforts are shaped.  This study shows how commitment and motivation are prerequisite for sharing experiences and knowledge at work. Politicians and civil servants participate in various knowledge-raising activities related to work with children’s and young people’s influence and then bring these experiences to their smaller working groups. The discussions that take place at work can be understood as a way of assimilating knowledge, i.e. how they try to make sense of others' experiences and knowledge in their own context (see e.g. Cohen &amp; Levinthal, 1990; Vaghefi, Lapointe &amp; Shahbaznehad, 2018). However, the results reveal challenges in transferring the information to new situations and making use of it. The results show that the new forms of work largely resemble their previous structures. An explanation could be seen in terms of how their experiences affect the knowledge they acquire (see e.g. Argote, 2013; Argote &amp; Miron-Spektor, 2011). An alternative way of understanding this might be that reaching out to a wider range of young people is a complex issue. It also appears from previous studies that organizations can encounter difficulties in dealing with complex problems and that individuals and groups tend to propose solutions that are familiar to them (Fang, Lee &amp; Shilling, 2010). These issues can be difficult to address in the context of previous experience, and this demonstrates the need to develop new knowledge in and for efforts to increase children’s and young people’s influence.  The results of the study also indicate that the information and knowledge gained at work is mostly limited to discussions in smaller working groups. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of information and knowledge being discussed between individuals with different backgrounds, which benefits the organization’s ability to utilize it in and for work (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990). Experiences and knowledge are mainly discussed in smaller constellations, limiting the possibility of making these discussions into a common knowledge resource.  Discussion and Conclusions The results of the study show that external and internal contexts of work, together with experiences, affect directions that politicians and civil servants see as viable in their work on increasing children’s and young people’s influence. The external context for work includes goal formulations, legal provisions as well as norms that shape conditions for the way politicians and civil servants make sense of their work within a local context. The results also show vague goal formulations in both the external and internal contexts of their work, which contributes to creating implicit goals for work. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of breaking down overall goals, to make the core of the work visible and for individuals and groups to create the circumstances for sharing relevant experiences and knowledge (see e.g. Goswami &amp; Agrawal, 2020). The results of the study highlight the importance of working within the organization to develop a common understanding of goals and the reason for working to increase children’s and young people's influence. The results also indicate that existing norms regarding children and childhood constitute a hinderance to the conditions needed for politicians’ and civil servants’ learning processes. The division between children’s rights and children’s protection contributes to the challenges that politicians and civil servants encounter in their work. The results of the study show that politicians and civil servants need to reflect upon their experiences of children and understanding of childhood and how doing this is a condition for doing their job. This is to bridge a dichotomous way of thinking about children’s rights and children’s protection. These two perspectives do not have to create contradictions but can be united in the efforts to increase children's and young people’s influence. These two perspectives have been highlighted in previous studies which found that they do not have to imply contradictions, but rather that it is necessary to include both concerns in their work (see e.g. Hellman, Hekkilä, Sundhall, 2014; Gustafsson, 2022). The results indicate that there is a need to pay attention to norms about age that appear in the work done by politicians and civil servants. This study contributes to other findings showing it is important to think critically about one’s previous notions regarding age and what these experiences add to new situations at work. / Den här studien belyser villkor och uttryck för politikers och tjänstemäns lärande i deras arbete med barns och ungas inflytande. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i hur politiker och tjänstemän beskriver erfarenheter de tar med sig från arbetet med barn och unga och vilka villkor som möjliggör och hindrar deras lärprocesser i arbetet med barns och ungas inflytande. Studien är en fallstudie som ramas in av politikers och tjänstemäns arbete med den modell som de utvecklat för arbetet med barns och ungas inflytande. I studien har nio politiker och 16 tjänstemän deltagit. Materialet har samlats in genom observationer, dialogmöten samt dokument. Observationerna genomfördes vid möten som har en relation till kommunens modell, under tidperioden oktober 2020 – juni 2022. Inför studiens dialogmöten användes tematiseringar från de genomförda observationerna som stimulusmaterial. Avslutningsvis genomfördes dialogmöten i två grupperingar, politiker respektive tjänstemän. Dialogmötena möjliggjorde för politiker och tjänstemän att resonera och reflektera kring det arbete som tidigare observerats.  En utgångspunkt i studien är att politiker och tjänstemän har individuella och kollektiva erfarenheter och kunskaper som synliggörs i arbetet med barns och ungas inflytande. Dessa erfarenheter blir, tillsammans med de yttre och inre kontexterna i arbetet, centrala för vilka vägar de ser som framkomliga. De yttre kontexterna innehåller målformuleringar, lagrum och normer som formar villkor för hur politiker respektive tjänstemän begripliggör arbetet inom deras lokala kontext. De vaga målformuleringarna inom de yttre och inre kontexterna bidrar till att det skapas implicita mål för arbetet. Resultatet visar även på att normer kring barn och barndom utgör ett hindrande villkor för politikers och tjänstemäns lärande. Uppdelningen som finns i såväl omgivningen som organisationen mellan barns rätt och barns skydd kan här förstås bidragande till de utmaningar som de möter. Studiens resultat visar ett behov av att rikta uppmärksamhet mot normer kring ålder som framträder i arbetet och vad de erfarenheter som de formar bidrar med till och för arbetet.  I studien framträder även hur engagemang och motivation hos politiker och tjänstemän blir förutsättningsskapande för att utveckla arbetet likväl som för att skapa lärandeprocesser. Diskussionerna som sker i arbetet, kan förstås bidra till att politiker respektive tjänstemän delar erfarenheter och kunskaper. För att dessa erfarenheter och kunskaper ska bli till en resurs för arbetet krävs att dessa assimileras, det vill säga omsätts i nya situationer. Studiens resultat visar att de individer som deltar i olika former av kunskapshöjande aktiviteter får en viktig roll i att dela och begripliggöra information och kunskap till övriga inom organisationen. Det framgår även att de erfarenheter och kunskaper som utvecklas framför allt delas i mindre arbetsgrupper. Här framträder ett behov av att utveckla arbetssätt för att ta vara på de erfarenheter och kunskaper som utvecklas, för att dessa framåt kan utgöra en gemensam kunskapsresurs för och i arbetet.

Yes / Increasing reliance on digital technologies has led to a significant shift in how businesses operate, with many now relying heavily on digital platforms for effective planning, communication, sales, marketing, supply chain, and logistics management. In this context, knowledge sharing platforms enable academic–industry collaboration in which exchange of ideas, opinions, experience, and expertise brings collective intelligence in cooperative learning ecosystem thereby expediting decision making. However, establishing long-term commitment among the partners, allocation of time and resources for sharing tacit knowledge, collaboration among partners with different strategic priorities, and real-time knowledge sharing capabilities are essential for effective and rapid learning in knowledge sharing platforms. The present article will examine these benefits and challenges in knowledge sharing and its impact on supplier selection platforms in Asian automakers. The findings of this article will be helpful for researchers and practitioners intending to explore the role of cooperation in knowledge sharing and digital transformation amid competitive environment prevalent in the automotive industry. The potential supplier database is first examined for qualifying the capability requirements put forth in this article and further prioritized using a multicriteria decision-making technique and analytic hierarchy process. The article results reveal that the manufacturer has highly prioritized firms’ financial transparency for supplier evaluation followed by the suppliers’ cost control, quality control, and manufacturing capabilities. The article has significant theoretical and practical implications for developing robust supplier evaluation criteria for automobile industry and a digital ecosystem for original equipment manufacturers in making supplier related decisions.