I will interpret a horror genre within the literature determined for children. In particular, I will focus on horror and fantastic stories written by Anthony Horowitz. However, the theoretical part of my diploma thesis will deal with basic description of horror literature development then also with a picture of a child in horror literature and finally with the biography of Antony Horowitz. The next practical chapters will focus on analysis of horror elements in Horowitz' stories. Finally I will analyse the role of the heroes in Horowitz' stories with the connection on theoretical part. The diploma thesis will mainly be based on the collection of short stories called Horowitz Horror and other two books called Groosham Grange and Return to Groosham Grange.

This dissertation examines the transmission of the past and how it is affected by context, source materials, and the individual with regards to opinion and inherent bias. The subject of this analysis is Jan Christiaan Smuts and how he has been portrayed over the last century. Various authors are analysed with W. K. Hancock forming a kind of watershed given the access to primary material. The dissertation includes a brief discussion of South African historiography as well as a brief biographical outline of Smuts's life. The main concern is however a literature analysis of selected material which will set out to illustrate how information is often "lost in transmission." / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Historical and Heritage Studies / MHCS / Unrestricted

<p>I denna uppsats har de fyra skönlitterära titlarna <em>Kort kjol</em>, <em>Hey Dolly</em>, <em>Den osynlige</em> och <em>Låt den rätte komma in</em> analyserats. Dessa används i svenskundervisning på grundskolans senare år och på gymnasiet. Som teoretisk referenspunkt har genus- och queerteoretiska perspektiv använts. Detta för att få syn på hur den heteronormativa genusordningen framställs och eventuellt problematiseras. Heteronormativiteten ses således som avgörande för karaktärernas skapande av genus. Avstamp tas i kursplanerna då skönlitteraturen, enligt dessa, är av avgörande betydelse för elevernas skapande av identitet. Uppsatsen har en litteratursociologisk ansats för att belysa relationen mellan skönlitteratur och samhälle. Metoden är kvalitativ textanalys och boksamtal.</p><p>Resultatet av analyserna visar att den heteronormativa genusordningen till stor del reproduceras i de fyra titlarna även om den i två av dessa titlar är mycket mindre påtaglig. Det finns i samtliga titlar karaktärer som mer eller mindre utmanar den heteronormativa genusordningen. Det är dock i de två titlarna, <em>Låt den rätte komma in</em> och <em>Hey Dolly</em>, som vi får möta de stora normbrytarna. Dessa karaktärer utmanar och problematiserar den heteronormativa genusordningen både genom hur de framställs och genom deras förhållande till andra. Uppsatsen synliggör således vilka "förebilder" och vilken samhällsnormer som råder i de analyserade böckerna. Alltså de "förebilder" och samhällsnormer som eleverna som läser dessa böcker får möta.</p> / <p>The aim of this paper is to analyse how normative heterosexuality works in the creation of gender in four fiction titles used in the school subject Swedish. A gender and a queer perspective are used when analyzing the characters in the texts. According to queer theory, heteronormativity plays a decisive role in the creation of gender. The syllabus of the subject Swedish serve as the starting point as they proclaim that literature has a decisive influence on pupil's creation of identity.</p><p>The results of the analyses showed that the heteronormative gender structure exists and works in the books. But the result also shows that there are several characters that challenge the structure by breaking social norms and thereby creates possible gender positions.</p>

I denna uppsats har de fyra skönlitterära titlarna Kort kjol, Hey Dolly, Den osynlige och Låt den rätte komma in analyserats. Dessa används i svenskundervisning på grundskolans senare år och på gymnasiet. Som teoretisk referenspunkt har genus- och queerteoretiska perspektiv använts. Detta för att få syn på hur den heteronormativa genusordningen framställs och eventuellt problematiseras. Heteronormativiteten ses således som avgörande för karaktärernas skapande av genus. Avstamp tas i kursplanerna då skönlitteraturen, enligt dessa, är av avgörande betydelse för elevernas skapande av identitet. Uppsatsen har en litteratursociologisk ansats för att belysa relationen mellan skönlitteratur och samhälle. Metoden är kvalitativ textanalys och boksamtal. Resultatet av analyserna visar att den heteronormativa genusordningen till stor del reproduceras i de fyra titlarna även om den i två av dessa titlar är mycket mindre påtaglig. Det finns i samtliga titlar karaktärer som mer eller mindre utmanar den heteronormativa genusordningen. Det är dock i de två titlarna, Låt den rätte komma in och Hey Dolly, som vi får möta de stora normbrytarna. Dessa karaktärer utmanar och problematiserar den heteronormativa genusordningen både genom hur de framställs och genom deras förhållande till andra. Uppsatsen synliggör således vilka "förebilder" och vilken samhällsnormer som råder i de analyserade böckerna. Alltså de "förebilder" och samhällsnormer som eleverna som läser dessa böcker får möta. / The aim of this paper is to analyse how normative heterosexuality works in the creation of gender in four fiction titles used in the school subject Swedish. A gender and a queer perspective are used when analyzing the characters in the texts. According to queer theory, heteronormativity plays a decisive role in the creation of gender. The syllabus of the subject Swedish serve as the starting point as they proclaim that literature has a decisive influence on pupil's creation of identity. The results of the analyses showed that the heteronormative gender structure exists and works in the books. But the result also shows that there are several characters that challenge the structure by breaking social norms and thereby creates possible gender positions.

This thesis is based on qualitative text analyses of four works of fiction, used as teaching materials in the school subject of Swedish, from a queer theoretic perspective. The purpose of the study is to examine how sexual identities and expressions are being presented, as well as what positions are offered a reader, in relation to the heterosexual norm. Basis for this thesis are the schools fundamental values, which highlights the importance that intolerance be confronted through both knowledge and active measures, and the syllabus, which states that fiction should be viewed as a tool for identity development as well as an understanding of the outside world. The analyses reveals a distinct connection between the generally accepted heterosexual norm and a professed (or taken for granted) heterosexuality which is being carried out by the characters or the books as a whole. Out of the four titles only one disputes this norm, by offering a wide range of sexual identities and expressions. These expressions, however, are being invalidated – through insufficient ability to relate to the norm – or made invisible – through an imagined heterosexuality which, by superiority over other expressions, excludes them.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur genus uttrycks och skapas genom fyra populära barnböcker. Böckernas karaktärer analyseras från ett genusperspektiv. En central utgångspunkt är teorin om hur män och kvinnor hålls isär genom att tilldelas olika karaktärsdrag och hur denna uppdelning skapar genus. Uppsatsen analyserar även de fyra böckernas berättelseform, huruvida denna är uttryckt på ett maskulint eller feminint sätt. Risken med dessa stereotypa karaktärsdrag för män och kvinnor är att barnen kan bli påverkade av dem, vilket tvingar in dem i specifika genuspositioner. Detta kan hindra dem från att utveckla sina egna unika identiteter. Uppsatsens metod är en kvalitativ textanalys. Analyserna och resultaten visar att stereotypa genus uttrycks och återskapas genom böckernas olika karaktärer. Vissa karaktärer problematiserar dessa stereotypa genus genom att visa upp såväl feminina som maskulina drag. Min tes är att dessa uttryck av både maskulina och feminina drag är den ultimata problematiseringen av stereotypa genus. De fyra böckerna följer även en liknande berättelseform, där samtliga berättas på ett maskulint sätt genom att vara väldigt strukturerade och tydliga med delar som början, mitt och slut. / The aim of this paper is to analyze how gender is expressed and created through four popular fictive children's books. The characters in the books are analyzed from a gender perspective. A central point of departure is the theory about how males and females are separated by being given different characteristics and how this distinction creates gender. The paper also analyzes the narrative form of the different books, whether this form is expressed in a masculine or feminine matter. The risk with such stereotype characteristics for male and female characters is that children might be influenced by them, forcing them into certain gender positions, which might prevent them from forming their own unique identity. The method for the paper is a qualitative text analysis. The analyzes and results show that stereotype gender is expressed and reproduced through the different characters in the books. Some characters problematize these stereotype genders by showing both feminine as well as masculine characteristics. My thesis is that this expression of both masculine and feminine characteristics is the ultimate problematization of stereotype gender. The four books also contain similar narrative forms where they are all told in a masculine way by being very structured and explicit through parts such as beginning, middle and ending.

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The licensed character of DC Comics known as Superman has been a beloved pop-culture icon for nearly seven decades. This research examines the cultural and historical relevance of the character of Superman, as well as analyzes the character himself as he is portrayed in various comic books and graphic novels since 1938. Ten comic books featuring Superman as a central character have been examined from each decade starting from the l 930s through the 2000s for a total of 70 comics. The comics were read and analyzed to find possible changes in the character of Superman over time, as well as the roles of Lois Lane, alter-ego Clark Kent, members of Superman's family, emerging enemies, and other interesting aspects of Superman culture. The data collected showed that Superman remains relevant despite significant cultural and historical changes over the past seven decades. Further, much of his popularity lies in his ability to be retooled to meet the needs of the current culture while remaining true to his traditional values. Reviewed research also shows that Superman has educational value as a tool to be used by elementary school teachers.

The purpose of this essay is to examine what significance gender has in the novel Egenmäktigt förfarande, written by Lena Andersson, and in the adapted theater. The springboard for the essay topic is a debate about the so-called ”kulturmannen” which took place in the Swedish literature field a couple of years ago. My aim has been to shed light to the relationship between the main characters Ester Nilsson and Hugo Rask, to analyze what role their different gender plays. Further I have studied the masculinity of Hugo Rask. The analysis is based on Yvonne Hirdman’s gender theory, Raewyn Connell’s masculinity theory and an adaption theory by Linda Hutcheon. The methods that have been used is literature- and performance analysis of certain selected parts of the novel and theater. The result of my analysis indicate that gender influences the relationship between the two main characters. The male character Hugo Rask has a superior position in relation to Ester Nilsson which can be derived to his gender. Furthermore, I have concluded that Hugo Rask’s masculinity is hegemonic. The theater, which shown in the performance analysis, has an expressed comic image which stresses the unequal interest Ester Nilsson and Hugo Rask have for each other.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur man som pedagog kan arbeta med genuspedagogik i undervisningen med hjälp av genusneutral barnlitteratur. Forskning pekar på att barn tidigt skaffar sig en uppfattning om vad som förväntas av dem på grund av deras kön. Den svenska läroplanen Lgr 11 förespråkar att läraren ska motverka de traditionella könsmönstren samtidigt som man ska påverka och forma elevers uppfattning om kvinnligt och manligt. För att kunna göra detta krävs det att man undervisar eleverna i genuspedagogik. Barn påverkas av alla de intryck som omger dem, varför barnböcker är en bra utgångspunkt i samtalet om bland annat genus. Metoden är att initialt göra en inventering av helt genusneutrala barnböcker, för att sedan analysera ett urval av dessa, både separat och komparativt. Efter analysen genomförs en etnografisk studie med högläsning och boksamtal som resulterar i diskussioner i barngrupper kring vikten av att tillhöra ett genus. Studien visar att det blir mer komplicerat att hitta acceptans för olikheter och normbrytande ju äldre barnen är. Slutsatsen är att det bör undervisas mer i genuspedagogik, skrivas mer genusneutral barnlitteratur och att det bör forskas mer på området. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how teachers can work with gender pedagogy using gender-neutral children's literature. Research indicates that children knows early what is expected of them because of their gender. The Swedish curriculum (Lgr 11) advocates that the teacher should counteract the traditional gender patterns while influencing and shaping students' perception of what is typical for men and women. In order to do this, it is necessary to teach the students in gender education. Children are affected by all the impressions that surround them, why children's books are a good starting point in the conversation about gender, among other things. The method is to initially make an inventory of completely gender-neutral children's books published in Sweden, in order to analyze a selection of these, both separately and comparatively. After the analysis, an ethnographic study is implemented, where a teacher is reading aloud and the class has a book-talk, which results in discussions about the importance of belonging to a gender. The study shows that finding acceptance for differences and go against the norms is becoming more complicated the older the children are. The conclusion is that it should be more education in gender pedagogy; more gender-neutral children's literature and that more research should be done in this area.