本論文計分六章，各章章旨及其內容如下： 　　第一章為「緒論」。內容包括：「研究動機與目的」、「研究現況檢討」、「研究方法與取材」及「研究侷限與發現」。本章旨在敘述研究背景，藉由研究現況的檢討，掌握值得開發的研究空間與契機，並進一步揭示論文研究的心得。 　　第二章為「許地山的生平與思想」。探討主題包括：「戰爭對其人格特質、生命情調的啟發」、「家庭對其人道關懷、人生哲學的造就」、「治學對其知識結構、人文素養的塑成」及「時勢對其文化態度、文化參與的影響」。本章旨在透過許地山的生平與思想的交叉論述，以影響研究的觀點，彰顯許地山人格與思想的成因，並透視其人富於時代意識的特色。 　　第三章為「許地山的文藝觀」。討論範圍涵蓋：「許地山的文藝創作論」、「許地山的文藝鑒賞論」和「文藝觀的淵源與特色」。本章旨在爬梳並歸納許地山的文藝思想，分別從創作論及鑒賞論兩部分，分述其具體內容，再綰合兩者，尋繹許地山文藝觀的淵源與特色。藉以掌握許地山創作傾向的理論根據，並作為進一步解讀許地山文本的準備。 　　第四章為「許地山作品的主題意蘊」。章分四節分別探討許地山文學作品所呈現的「生命觀照與人生態度的闡發」、「情愛觀與兩性觀的宣達」、「社會現實的揭露和批判」及「去國與懷鄉──臺灣風味的書寫」。本章旨在透析許地山文學作品的主題意蘊，再回扣到許地山的生平行誼與思想內涵，驗證許地山其文實為其人之全人格的表現。 　　第五章為「許地山文學的藝術表現」。就許地山文學的藝術表現，舉其凸顯的成就作一闡釋與驗證，內容包括：「許地山文學的寓言特質」、「許地山散文的賦體成分」、「許地山文學的抒情傾向」及「女性人物的理想性格與形象」。本章旨在全面掌握許地山文學的藝術特色與成就。從許地山文本的微視與剖析後，得其主要特色有三，亦即寓言特質、賦體成分與抒情傾向。再從許地山小說人物的考察，檢視其形象塑造的得失，透過歸納許地山人物性格與形象的特徵，逼顯許地山理想的人物性格及形象。 　　第六章為「結論：許地出文學的意義與定位」。本章旨在總結本論文的研究心得。於許地山其人其文有了全面而深入的了解後，將許地山的文學回置到我國文學發展的歷史中，考察許地山文學的意義與歷史定位，獲致許地山文學的兩項意義，即許地山乃現代散文的奠基者（寓言散文的先驅）、五四文壇的臺灣代言人。 《許地山文學之研究》 論 文 目 錄 第一章 緒論 第二章 許地山的生平與思想 第一節 戰爭對其人格特質、生命情調的啟發 第二節 家庭對其人道關懷、人生哲學的造就 第三節 治學對其知識結構、人文素養的塑成 第四節 時勢對其文化態度、文化參與的影響 結 語 第三章 許地山的文藝觀 第一節 許地山的文藝創作論 第二節 許地山的文藝鑒賞論 第三節 文藝觀的淵源與特色 結 語 第四章 許地山文學的主題意蘊 第一節 生命觀照與人生態度的闡發 第二節 情愛觀與兩性觀的宣達 第三節 社會現實的揭露和批判 第四節 去國與懷鄉──臺灣風味的書寫 結 語 第五章 許地山文學的藝術表現 第一節 許地山文學的寓言特質 第二節 許地山散文的賦體成分 第三節 許地山文學的抒情傾向 第四節 女性人物的理想性格與形象 結 語 第六章 結論：許地山文學的意義與定位 參考書目 附錄：許地山生平暨作品繫年 國立政治大學中國文學系碩士論文 指導教授：簡宗梧博士

五四時期，在改造社會背景下蓬勃開展的婦女解放運動，鼓舞了知識女性們擺脫舊社會的束縛，迎向新時代開放的潮流。然而，崛起於現代文壇的這第一代女作家，卻較少受到研究者的關注。本研究是以陳衡哲、冰心、廬隱、馮沅君、凌叔華、石評梅六位已為當時人知悉的、也較具代表性的女性小說作家們，在五四時期的小說作品為取材範圍，而論題所謂「女性小說」乃廣義的說法，是指女作家創作的一切小說，而非專指女作家之反映女性生活，或表現女性意識的小說作品。研究上是針對作家與作品，在作家研究上，除了從時代變遷、社會影響來探討五四時期女作家養成的社會背景與刺激創作的動因外，也從作家個人之家庭環境、學習經歷與人世遭遇來探索她們的人格特質與創作之間的關係。在作品研究方面，是以小說的思想內容與藝術形式為分析對象，在思想內容上是探討女性小說中所呈現的三大主題︰社會關懷、婚戀主題與人生意義的追求；在藝術形式上，首先是研究五四小說中大量出現的背離傳統情節中心而改以人物性格作中心的小說之敘事結構與觀點，再來是專節分析女作家中最具藝術技巧的凌叔華小說。

This thesis focuses on the anachronistic poacher-hero figure in late nineteenth-century German literature. Historian Hobsbawm has suggested that the symbolic endurance of "noble robber" figures (of which we can view poacher-heroes as a subset) takes place in an ideal imaginary "stripped" of the "local and social framework" (2000, 143). My thesis shows, in multiple examples across multiple genres, that in fact the poacher-hero is uniquely available for re-contextualization and renewal of social relevance, even under changed social and economic circumstances. The poacher-hero is not only a device for making statements about the past, but also for expressing claims on the future. It is perhaps this dynamism that makes the poacher-hero excellent carrier for different kinds of social critique as well. In my first chapter, I give a brief historical overview of the period and the motif. In the second chapter, I show how the poacher and his rural context are brought into contact with urban, imperial themes. In the chapter I read two novels, Der verlorene Sohn (The prodigal son, 1884-1886) and Quitt (Even, 1890), and the play Waldleute (Forest people, 1896) thematically to show how upward social mobility is associated with and adapted to the poacher figure. In the third chapter of the thesis, I examine narrative strategies and their employment in the construction of a socially critical viewpoint in Der verlorene Sohn and Quitt. I show how both high and low literary works, intended and written for different audiences, achieve similar results in their positioning of the poacher-protagonist through different narrative structures. This convergence shows the malleability of the societal frame for the poacher-hero. Finally, in the fourth chapter, I show regional adaptations of the motif, by examining different versions of a folk ballad "Das Jennerweinlied" ("The Jennerwein song"). This thesis furthermore shows how study of a motif can be used to bring together a diverse group of roughly contemporary texts. Viewing these texts in relationship with one another brings into question the scholarly focus on certain texts at the expense of others. / text

This dissertation investigates Chinese women's rhetorical practices in the early twentieth century. Tracing the formation and development of a new rhetoric in China, I examine women's writings that were denigrated in the May Fourth period. I argue that as an important part of the new rhetoric, women's texts explored women's issues and created the modern self in the May Fourth period by critiquing a patriarchal tradition that excluded women's experiences from its articulation.I begin by challenging the assumptions that rhetoric is a Western male phenomenon. Situating my study in the area of comparative rhetoric, I critique the previous scholarship in the field and delineate the research methodologies used in this dissertation. In Chapter 2 I locate women's rhetorical practices within the specific social and historical contexts of the May Fourth period. I contend that the May Fourth women's literary texts are rhetorical, considering the different conception of rhetoric in the Chinese rhetorical tradition as well as the social impact these texts created at that historical juncture. In Chapter 3 I extrapolate Lu Yin's feminist rhetorical theory and practice from her sanwen (essays) and fiction. I argue that by emphasizing tongqing (sympathy) in her literary theory, Lu Yin's discourse offers an example of how gendered and culturally specific rhetorical concepts and strategies influence the reader and exert social changes. Chapter 4 provides a case study of Bing Xin, another well-known woman writer in the May Fourth period. I argue that by advocating a "philosophy of love" throughout her lyrical essays and fiction, Bing Xin injected a distinctive female voice in the male-dominated discourse in which women and children were either belittled or silenced. Bing Xin's view of writing as expressing the writer's individuality as well as her unique feminine prose style transformed this classical genre into a more vigorous rhetorical form. Using my case studies as reference, I conclude by drawing out the implications of Chinese women's rhetorical experiences for the studies of rhetoric and comparative rhetoric. I show how such a cross-cultural study of particular rhetorics can help further our exploration of human rhetorical practices in general.

The attitudes, perceptions and environmentally responsible behaviour of delegates (tourists) at the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP 17) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an area in which little or no academic research was undertaken from an academic, tourism perspective. This dissertation presents the results of a Green Survey undertaken during this climate change conference, focusing on the attitudes, perceptions and responsible practices of delegates in order to obtain a better understanding of tourism related impacts. Forms of tourism used as the conceptual basis were MICE, event tourism, sustainable tourism and responsible tourism integrated with socio-psychological behavioural theories. COP 17 was held in Durban (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) from the 28 November to 8 December, 2011 over 14 days. It was one of the many high-level international meetings on climate change, sustainable development and biodiversity conservation. Delegates involved in the formal discussions included representatives of the world's governments, international organisations and civil society. Several thousand attendees (visitors and local residents) participated in separate discussions and events organised by civil society to highlight environmental and climate injustices and the concerns of the poor. Interviews were conducted at the conference venues, where COP 17 was held, that is, the Inkosi Albert Luthuli International Convention Centre (ICC). The study endeavoured to understand the socio-economic and demographic profile of delegates. An additional objective was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of delegates on various environmental issues related to climate change and its impact on tourism. An attempt was also made to determine whether there were any significant relationships between socio- demographic variables, knowledge and attitudes/ perceptions, and the behaviour of delegates. A structured questionnaire survey of 825 official delegates was undertaken and face-to-face interviews were conducted. The research survey used a non-probability, purposive, spatially-based systematic sampling techniques. The interviews were conducted in the ICC precinct (open spaces) and the first delegate was purposively selected. Subsequently, every fifteenth respondent was interviewed. The results indicate that despite delegates’ awareness of environmental best practices and having a good knowledge of environmental issues, there was inconsistency in behaviour due to a range of factors such as situational, internal and external aspects. Moreover, there was a gap in environmental behaviour practiced at home and whilst travelling. The majority of the delegates agreed that COP 17 had major environmental impacts in terms of energy consumption, air pollution, solid waste and overconsumption of water. Most respondents also stated that they engaged in environmentally responsible practices sometimes or always. It was also found that education had a significant relationship (p=0.000) on all environmental best practices whilst age and gender was only related to certain best practices. Additionally, knowledge of a few environment issues was significantly related to certain environmental best practices. Lastly, age was strongly related to the most number of behavioural practices and knowledge had significant relationships to numerous behavioural practices at home and while at the tourist destination. The study shows that socio-demographic variables, such as level of education, were important determinants of COP 17 delegates’ attitudes and environmentally friendly practices whilst traveling and at home. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

The purpose of this thesis is to create a deeper and also a better understanding about how each of the professional secrecy and obligation to report are perceived from auditors and further investigate how the potential conflicts based on independence and “can be suspect” are handled by the auditors. The purpose has been achieved through interviews with four different accounting firms. The interviews were conducted with Grant Thornton, BDO Mälardalen AB, PwC and KPMG to answer the research questions. Subsequently, a hermeneutic approach was used to since the interpretation of the interviews was considered as important to obtain knowledge of the respondent’s perception about the topic. In the analyze chapter have dataset from the reference framework and empirical part been used to implement the analyze of the thesis. The study shows that the professional secrecy is important for creating a good relationship with clients and is not considered as a rule that create conflicts for auditors. The obligation to report, however, is creating conflicts because of the lack of knowledge in assessment of economic crimes. The auditors therefore decide to investigate a situation that “can be suspect” beyond what is intended. To not become dependent on the clients, there are rules and profession practices that are used and also examples like not having friends or family members as clients. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa oss en djupare samt bättre förståelse om hur respektive av - samt anmälningsplikten uppfattas av revisorer och vidare undersöka hur eventuella konflikter med utgångspunkt för oberoende ställning samt vid ”kan misstänkas” situationer hanteras av revisorer. För att uppnå syftet, har intervjuer med fyra olika revisionsbyråer genomförts. Intervjuerna har genomförts med Grant Thornton, BDO Mälardalen AB, PwC samt KPMG genomförts för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna. Därefter har en hermeneutik synsätt använts då tolkning av intervjumaterialen ansågs viktig för att kunna få kunskap för respondenternas uppfattning kring ämnesvalet. I analysavsnittet har sedan datamaterial från referensramen samt empiridelen använts för att kunna genomföra en analys av uppsatsen. Denna studie visar tystnadsplikten är viktig för att kunna skapa en bra relation med klienterna och anses inte skapa konflikter för revisorer i någon stor bemärkning. Anmälningsplikten skapar dock problem på grund av bristen på kunskap inom bedömning av brott hos revisorer. Revisorerna väljer därför att utreda en situation vid brottsmisstanke längre än vad som avses. För att inte bli beroende av sina klienter finns regler och praxis inom yrket som används samt genom att till exempel inte ha vänner och bekanta som klienter menar respondenterna.

Thesis (Ph. D) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1999. / "An enquiry into the relationship between place and space, and the writiing life, with reference to journals and poetry written by Diane Fahey, and to works by Eavan Boland, Annie Dillard, and May Sarton" -- p. ii. Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Communication and Media Studies, University of Western Sydney, Nepean. Bibliography : p. 259-264.

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2006. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Sept. 25, 2006). Thesis advisor: Richard J. Strange. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Relevant de l’intérêt renouvelé de l’histoire sociale pour la période des « années 1968 », ce travail cherche à comprendre à la fois les conditions de possibilité de la création d’une institution telle que le « Centre universitaire expérimental de Vincennes » et comment celle-ci a été initialement façonnée par les investissements pratiques et les projections de ses concepteurs, fondateurs et premiers acteurs. A la croisée de la sociologie des politiques publiques éducatives et de l´histoire sociale des champs intellectuels, la socio-histoire de cette expérience universitaire participe de la connaissance des effets de la crise symbolique sans précédent de Mai 68, et offre une voie d´entrée à l´histoire des idées qui prend en compte simultanément les acteurs mobilisés et mobilisables que sont les étudiants et les enseignants, et leurs négociations avec le pouvoir politique. A l’échelle macro-sociologique, cette recherche s’attache à éclairer les logiques qui président au développement morphologique et symbolique de l´Université depuis les années 50 et participe de la connaissance du fonctionnement de l’Etat et du pouvoir politique en conjoncture de crise. A l’échelle micro-sociologique, elle se veut attentive aux logiques d’action des acteurs sociaux et aspire à comprendre comment et pourquoi, suivant quels représentations, dispositions et intérêts, les acteurs (individuels et collectifs) investissent leurs rôles et « métiers » (de hauts fonctionnaires, responsables politiques, « intellectuels », enseignants-chercheurs, étudiant), sans sous-estimer les contraintes qui pèsent sur eux. Ce travail s’appuie sur des matériaux complémentaires (archives, entretiens, biographies, statistiques) qui permettent de mettre en perspective « données quantitatives » et « données qualitatives », et de renseigner les deux échelles d’analyse. / Building on social history renewed interest for the “long 1968” period, this work seeks to understand both the conditions of possibility of an institution such as the “Experimental University of Vincennes” (Centre universitaire expérimental de Vincennes) and the way it was initially shaped by the practical concerns and projections of its planners, creators and first actors. Between a sociology of education policies and a social history of intellectual fields, the history of this university experiment adds to our knowledge of the symbolic crisis of May 1968, and paves the way for a history of ideas which simultaneously takes into account the mobilized and mobilizable actors that are students and professors, and their negotiation with the political power.On a macrosociological scale, this research aims to shed light on the logics that led to the morphological and symbolic development of the University since the 1950s and adds to our knowledge of the functionning of the state and policial power in a context of crisis. On a microsociological scale, it focuses on the logics of action of social actors and seeks to understand how and why, according to which representations, dispositions and interests, actors (both individual and collective) assume their roles and “professions” (of high-civil servants, political leaders, “intellectuals”, professors, students), without underestimating the constraints that are imposed on them. This work is based on complementary materials (archives, interviews, biographies, and statistics) which put in perspective “quantitative data” and “qualitative data”, combining two scales of analysis.

Resumo: A consorciação de culturas, que consiste no cultivo de duas ou mais culturas em uma mesma área, pelo menos parte do ciclo, visa o melhor aproveitamento dos recursos disponíveis na propriedade e a minimização dos riscos de quebra de produtividade. O cultivo do milho em consórcio com o feijão-caupi, que é relativamente mais tolerante à seca, devido, principalmente, ao ciclo mais curto, pode ser uma opção interessante para o período de safrinha. Contudo, são escassos e inconsistentes os resultados de pesquisas sobre cultivo consorciado de cultivares de milho e feijão-caupi em faixas, especialmente nas regiões Centro- Oeste e Sudeste. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o monocultivo e o cultivo consorciado em faixas de diferentes cultivares de feijão-caupi com uma variedade e um híbrido simples de milho, em Dourados-MS e Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Para a cultura do feijão-caupi, foram considerados três sistemas de cultivo/cultivares de milho (consórcio com a variedade de milho (BR 473), consórcio com o híbrido de milho (BRS 1030 ou BRS 1010) e cultivo solteiro) nas parcelas e três cultivares de feijão-caupi (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera e BRS Xiquexique) nas subparcelas. Para a cultura do milho, foram utilizadas duas cultivares de milho (BR 473 e BRS 1030 ou BRS 1010) nas parcelas e quatro sistemas de cultivo/cultivares de feijão-caupi (consórcio com BRS Guariba, consórcio com BRS Novaera, consórcio com BRS Xiquexique e cultivo solteiro) nas subparcelas. O sistema de consórcio (cultivo em faixas) foi constituído pela intercalação de faixas constituídas de quatro fileiras de feijão-caupi com faixas de quatro fileiras de milho. Ambas as culturas foram semeadas no espaçamento de 0,50 m entre fileiras. No cultivo consorciado, cada unidade experimental foi constituída... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Intercropping, which consists on growing of two or more crops at the same area at least in part of the cycle, focuses on the best use of available resources on property and minimizing the risk of yield loss. Maize growth intercropped with cowpea, which is relatively more tolerant to drought, mainly due to the shorter cycle, can be an interesting option as off-season crop. However, there are few and inconsistent research results on intercropping maize with cowpea, especially in the Midwest and Southeast of Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cowpea as monoculture, and intercropping different cultivars of cowpea with a variety and a single cross hybrid of maize, in Dourados-MS and Botucatu-SP. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with split-plots arrangement and four replications. For the cowpea crop, were considered three cropping systems/cultivars of maize (intercropped with maize variety (BR 473), intercropped with maize hybrid (BRS 1030 or 1010) and cowpea sole crop) in the plots, and three cowpea cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera and BRS Xiquexique) in the subplots. For the maize crop, were considered two maize cultivars (BRS 473 and BRS 1030 or BRS 1010) in the plots, and four cropping systems/cultivars of cowpea (intercropped with BRS Guariba, intercropped with BRS Novaera, intercropped with BRS Xiquexique and maize sole crop) in the subplots. Intercropping system was designed by intercalating strips constituted by four rows of cowpea with strips with four rows of maize. Both crops were sown at 0.50 m row spacing. In the intercropping system, each experimental unit consisted of eight rows with 6 m in length, in other words, four rows of maize and four rows of cowpea. In the sole crop, each experimental... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Rogério Peres Soratto / Coorientador: Gessi Ceccon / Banca: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol / Banca: Maurisrael de Moura Rocha / Mestre