I årtionden – om inte århundraden – har människan nyttjat naturen efter bästa fantasi och förmåga. Jorden har dränerats på jakt efter mineraler och mark, och slaggprodukterna har slängts i drivor som i sin tur stoppat naturens normala flöde. År 2017 skedde ett lagligt initiativ för att stoppa denna fortgående kränkning av naturen; en flod fick juridiska rättigheter enligt lag. Beslutet fattades på Nya Zeeland till förmån för floden Whanganui. En dryg vecka senare omfattades de indiska floderna Ganges och Yamuna av samma juridiska rättigheter. Hur gestaltades rapporteringen om flodernas juridiska rättigheter i media? Syftet med denna uppsats är att problematisera denna gestaltning och utröna hur den – i likhet med annan journalistik – kan antas bidra till att etablera läsarens verklighetsbild, och i detta fall; hennes syn på naturen. För undersökningen tillämpas en kvalitativ kritisk diskursanalys på ett urval artiklar ur fem olika internationella medier. Med hjälp av det analysschema som applicerats på materialet ska olika gestaltningstendenser utrönas. Det teoretiska ramverket består av journalistisk etik (socialt ansvar och Levinas ansvarsmoral) samt gestaltningsteori.  De mest signifikanta vinklar som uppträdde i studiens resultat gjorde bruk av mänskliga öden-gestaltning, konfliktgestaltning samt ansvarsgestaltning. Trots att rapporteringen i sig består av ett nyanserat material, antar rapporteringen till syvende och sist en periodisk karaktär, vilken måste påstås avsmalna ämnet hellre än att bredda diskursen om naturens egenvärde.

This study investigates the diffrences and similarities between interviews with politicians from two different Swedish morning news shows called Morgonstudion and Nyhetsmorgon. This is to see if there is a connection between how the news interview is designed and the fact that it is public service or commercial tv. Using Conversation Analysis, the interviews interaction are analyzed as institutional conversations. Two of the interviews chosen for investigation is with the partyleader of Centerpartiet Annie Lööf and the other two are with the spokesperson candidate of Miljöpartiet Märta Stenevi. The theoretical framework that this comparative study is based on is the framing theory and the conversation analysis as a theory. The authors argue that the framings of the news interviews can be associated with the charactaristics of public service and commercial tv. The study also argues that some of the interactional patterns can be connected to these charactaristics.

As the media followed the turn of events in Belarus, increasing arrests and the violence that followed brought tens of thousands of Belarusians into the streets to demand change, end police brutality, and display how far human rights abuses have come in Lukashenko's regime. This thesis argues that in the cases like this, foreign media comes forward to either further protester's voices or shut them down, which, drawing on the previous research, is considered dependent on the geopolitical relations of the countries involved. Departing from the normative knowledge that media, politics, and protests are interrelated, this thesis bridges theories of all three of the latter fields to craft an interdisciplinary theoretical framework for the research. Building on political and media opportunity structures and indexing theories, this thesis addresses questions of how independent from authorities is the media and how a geopolitical position might influence the coverage of the conflict. The framing analysis of LRT English, Deutsche Welle, RT, and Daily Sabah coverage during the 22 weeks is conducted to identify the coverage's patterns, developments, and changes in the coverage. The results have shown that the amount of coverage is related to the authorities position announcement. Democratic and protest supportive countries cover the protest extensively even before the authorities react; meanwhile, less democratic countries show that the coverage significantly increases as soon as the government reaction is publicised. Furthermore, the framing of the protesters differs as well. On the one hand, protesters and violence are depicted differently, on the other, frames employed in opposition supportive countries' media outlets are more diverse and explorative than in the media of Lukashenko's allies.

This study examines the media coverage of the humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh during a war in the region in 2020. Drawing on the theoretical framework of humanitarian journalism, it first looks at the attention given to the issue within the daily coverage of the war, then turns to explore patterns in the narration of the past events and present situation in feature stories. Two transnational and two regional news outlets are analysed (The Guardian and Al Jazeera, Sputnik and Hürriyet), which all address a global audience through English, but represent different journalistic traditions, are based in countries with diverse involvement in the conflict and proximity to its parties, and have received different amount of attention in the research of humanitarian journalism. The results suggest that the humanitarian crisis in the region received little attention in general within the daily coverage of the war. People of the region were cited rarely in the reports on their condition and were largely absent from the news photographs too. They were depicted in feature articles mostly through their experience of fighting, limiting the diverse contexts of their lives. Although geographical, political and cultural proximity is argued to have affected the reporting by regional outlets, similarities and differences across the two groups were observed too.

How do the media react in the face of a violent phenomenon involving actors both embraced and marginalized by society? One such phenomena – the McArthur murders – encapsulates this dynamic considering how the media explained the murders to their audiences. McArthur, a white LGBTQ+ man, murdered over a seven-year period specifically targeting male victims of South Asian or Middle Eastern descent associated with the LGBTQ+ community and geographic area in Toronto, Canada. The victims embodied a variety of marginalized identities including race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, immigration status and houselessness. It is in this context that this qualitative study finds itself, investigating media coverage of the McArthur murders in two mediums/Canadian outlets. The Toronto Star, Canada’s largest daily newspaper representing newspaper coverage, and a podcast produced by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), Uncover: The Village representing podcast (or audio) media. Considering the context of the McArthur murders and the identities of the actors involved, the study is focused on how normativity and deviancy are constructed through mediatized eyes (or frames). Through a blend of deductive and inductive framing analysis relying on a queer phenomenologically-inspired theoretical framework, the study’s aim is threefold: (1) to uncover what frames are most prevalent across both outlets, (2) to understand, using deductively applied frames, how both outlets construct the events of the McArthur murders and, (3) to understand the interplay between mediatized reification or mitigation of normativity. The analysis found that both newspaper and podcast were most concerned with attributing responsibility in their coverage, which introduced the queer phenomenological understanding of institutions into the analysis, a pattern which continued throughout each deductively applied frame. Moreover, connections to analogous sets of murders in 1970s Toronto broadened the implications of the study across time. Finally, the analysis showed that rather than solely reifying or mitigating normativity, both outlets’ coverage despite similarities and differences, are illustrative of normativity and deviancy’s ongoing orientation towards one another. The conflict between societally standard and aberrant is shown to be a constant over time, after death, and across contexts – a dynamic relationship which has significance for how media scholars might approach cross-medium analyses of complex phenomena in further research.

With the development of media framing research on the issue of comfort women, people have gradually realized that the media's interpretation of the issue of comfort women will have a considerable impact on the understanding of this issue. The image of comfort women was also established in this process. The different framings all contain different perspectives and historicities. The feminist framing is an important media framing in addition to nationalism and class. It is not only an important framing that accompanies the development of feminism, but also an important way to liberate comfort women from other framings with a new vision including women's human rights. However, the research devoted to the feminist framing has not yet been systematized and mature, and more comprehensive and in-depth research is needed. This master's thesis, as an attempt to explore the feminist framing of the issue of comfort women by the news media, also serves this purpose. For this reason, out of consideration of both locality and internationality, 40 articles on the issue of comfort women in the four English-language media of The New York Times, The Guardian, The Japan Times, and The Korea Times were selected as the material for the analysis of the feminist framing. The 20 articles from 2015 and the other 20 articles from 2021/2021 will be used as framing and critical discourse analysis to show the changes brought about by the feminist movement. The research results of this master's thesis also found that there is an inevitable connection between feminist framing and other types of framing.

Background: Gaming has emerged from a niche industry to a major global player making billions of dollars in revenue year after year. Many companies and industries alike are taking note of the increasing prominence and investing into the market. However, historically there have been many issues with diversity and inclusion due to the gaming and technology sphere largely being recognized as a male space. A phenomenon has been occurring of women carving out their own gaming spaces into cyberbalkanized communities to avoid gendered discrimination and harassment. Purpose: Research has been conducted on the topic of gender in esports and gaming by many academics but there is still room for further studies as many areas have not been explored. Limited studies have been conducted on female gaming organizations. Therefore, this study seeks to determine if women have a perception of value in relation to these organizations. Method: The method selected was a qualitative method to further explore this issue. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the perceptions of Swedish gamers on the topic of female gaming organizations. Thematic analysis was guided. Conclusion: The results show that while some of the previous criticisms are deemed applicable to this phenomenon, there continues to be a need for female organizations as they provide great resources to female gamers. Many are holding out hope that they will become unnecessary in the future but agree that they still hold value.

This thesis critically analyses the language and images used by international online news media to represent the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in May 2021. In total, 270 online news headlines and featured lead images, published on the English news websites of Al Jazeera, BBC and CNN, are analyzed. This study aims to identify the framing employed by the different international media outlets as well as analyze the scope of their coverage. The theories of agenda-setting, framing and media representation help guide the current research to identify the discursive practices employed by international news media. The framework employed to carry out this research combines Pan & Kosicki (1993) approach to textual framing analysis with Barthes’ (1972) method for analysing visual semiotics. The results indicate variations in the patterns of representing and framing the conflict across the three analysed media outlets. However, overall, the results reveal that the 2021 outbreak in the Israel-Palestine conflict is portrayed mainly through a frame of ‘’war’’. These distinctions broadly reflect and correspond to the journalists' practices and differences of each media outlet.

Denna uppsats handlar om interpersonell interaktion på digitala medier och dess sociala betydelse för unga vuxna (20-30 år) när den fysiska interaktionen inte är möjlig eller önskvärd. Den handlar också om medierad interaktion i allmänheten och belyser de digitala mediernas roll för interpersonell interaktion då det sociala landskapet idag präglas av dessa på många sätt. Frågeställningarna som formulerats för att besvara syftet är följande: 1) I situationer då det inte går att umgås ansikte-mot-ansikte, hur fungerar den digitala interaktionen som alternativ? 2) När föredrar unga vuxna interaktionen på digitala medier? 3) Går det att tillgodose det sociala behovet digitalt i samma grad som den ansikte-mot-ansikte? 4) Vad har Covid-19 haft för påverkan på hur unga vuxna ser på social interaktion? Studien utgår från en enkätundersökning samt två intervjuer, då denna uppsats utgår från den kvantitativa metodologin i första hand och kvalitativ i andra. Teorierna består av medialiseringsteori, medium teori och teori kring medierad kommunikation. Resultatet visade att det både gick att upprätthålla relationer och få ett socialt utbyte på digitala medier. Dess fördelar var inom teman som tidseffektivitet, geografiskt avstånd, rum och tidsoberoende, kravlöshet och tillgänglighet. Det var dock beroendeframkallande, ångestladdat och avsaknad av symboliska ledtrådar. De unga vuxna som deltog i studien hade delade meningar om hur Covid-19 påverkat den sociala interaktionen. Det var tydligt däremot att den medierade interaktionen på digitala medier hade varit viktig under pandemin.

Over the last three years, Heimstaden, a real-estate company based in Sweden, has gone through a complex process of redefinition of its identity, defining values and principles. This process is especially delicate in one of the neighborhoods managed by the company, Flogsta, where Heimstaden owns and administrates 2014 student apartments. In the context of this identity definition process, this study analyzes the communication strategies and the organizational identity transmission practices within the company, focusing on the local-level employees’ understanding and experience of Heimstaden’s identity and strategies. From a theoretical standpoint, the research parts from Hallahan, Holtzhausen, van Ruler, Verčič and Sriramesh´s (2007) initial ideas on strategic communication, and implements van Ruler´s (2018) approach to the role that communication plays within strategic communication, as well as to the dichotomy between one-way vs two-way strategies of communication. The analysis also incorporates Schinoff, Corley and Roger’s (2016) views of organizational identity. The research consists of 6 semi-structured interviews with Heimstaden employees. In addition to that, participant observations were also carried out daily over a period of 5 months, due to my position as a Heimstaden employee stationed in Uppsala. The findings of the study reveal that many of the one-way communication strategies currently in use within Heimstaden, are failing at making the local-level employees aware and participant of the company’s identity and changes. Consequently, this study identifies great differences in the way that local-level employees relate to the company’s new identity and principles with respect to the way in which top-level employees do. These differences, in turn, generate that the company’s identity and new way of doing things is not projected properly towards the clients, generating, arguably, reputational problems for Heimstaden in the studied area.