The aim of this study was to examine how men and women were portrayed in a fashion magazine through time. Magazines convey pictures of gender through both text and image, which subconsciously affects us in the daily life. The study examines a total of 17 reportages from the year 2008 and 2018. A critical discourse analysis constitutes the study’s methodological framework, combined with a semiotic analysis. After I separately examined men and women in the fashion magazine Damernas värld, I compared them to get a result of how the magazine portrayed the genders in different ways. The differences were relatively big in how the magazine portrayed women in 2008 and 2018. There were also a noticeable difference in how the magazine portrayed men in the different periods. The results show that the way women were portrayed in 2008, were similar to how the magazine portrayed men in 2018. There were also similarities in the portrayal of men in 2008 to women in 2018.  The result indicates that the magazine followed existing cultural gender norms in 2008, but has taken a different path in 2018.

Denna studie handlar om hur incestfall presenteras i svensk media. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur incest framställs i media under åren 2007–2018 genom att studera hur mediernas språkanvändning påverkat framställningen av incestövergrepp. Med hjälp av forskningsfrågorna: “Hur representeras incest i de valda artiklarna?” och “Hur påverkar språkval i medias representationer tolkningen av sexuella övergrepp med inriktning på incest?”, önskar studien kunna svara på syftet. Vid denna studie var det lämpligt att använda diskursanalys och metod Faircloughs tredimensionella modell och med hjälp av den kunna analysera fyra olika artiklar från svenska medier. Resultatet studien kom fram till tyder på att två av artiklarna består av intervjuer av dem utsatta medan i de andra två artiklarna får vi inte ta del av de utsatta personernas uttalanden. Studien kom fram till att det krävs objektivitet vid representationer av incestbrott på svensk media eftersom text skapar diskurs som har en påverkar på samhället.

Over the last 30 years, awareness of anthropogenic climate change has increased and quickly become the one of the most pressing issues facing our planet. Canada is both a nation that has contributed to the acceleration of the climate problem and one that aims to help address the issues through commitments to global climate accords and other accountability actions. Global journalism is both a theory and practice born of the evolution of our world into a more global collective. Climate change, as a problem that is faced by every nation in the world, is one subject matter area that has been difficult to report on in the past but more necessary than ever to discuss. It is crucial work for journalists to normalize the connections between people, places, problems, and how they are interrelated throughout the world. This thesis aims to explore the presence or absence of global journalism in two different regions of Canada: Alberta and Ontario, represented by the cities of Calgary and Ottawa. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, articles that mention“climate change” or “global warming” over a six-month period in 2015 are collected and catalogued. The quantitative data provides a macro view of the amount and kinds of discourse taking place in each city around the topics of climate change and global warming, giving a sense of the scale and framing of the issue. Four of these articles and two headlines are then reviewed through the lens of critical discourse analysis for their choice of words, quotations, the voices that are present and absent, and the local coherence of the article. Collectively, this information is collated and reviewed to argue for the presence or absence of global journalism in the reporting. The final results should a stark difference in the representation of climate change in Calgary and Ottawa. There are promising signs of global journalism in action throughout the Calgary Herald, while the Ottawa Citizen has missed opportunities to reflect the same global perspective.

Chile is one of the many countries in Latin America affected by machismo (Torres et al 2002, p. 163-164). In the year of 2017 the Me Too-movement sparked a fire in Chilean media and the feminist movement grew bigger and stronger. These movements affected many institutions, organizations and industries. The journalism industry being one of them. The purpose of this study is to investigate how female journalists in Chile perceive themselves, these movements and their journalistic roles in the context of a country affected by machismo and movements trying to fight it. To investigate these themes a qualitative approach has been used by conducting semi-structured interviews with eight female Chilean journalists that are currently working or have worked in broadcasting. The theoretical background of this study is based on the Hierarchy of Influences model by Pamela J. Shoemaker and Stephen D. Reese (2016), which has been combined with the concept of journalistic role perceptions by Thomas Hanitzsch and Tim P. Vos (2018). The results indicated that the majority of the women interviewed had positive opinions towards the Me Too- and feminist movements in Chile, and that these movements have also had a positive impact on Chilean society and the journalism industry. And so the effects have also been visible in the women's private and professional lives. Even though machismo and harmful patriarchal norms have been and is a part of their lives, the social structures have not gotten in the way of them feeling strong, fighting for their rights, and other women's rights in the industry. Machismo and the movements have all played important parts in how these women have taken on their journalistic roles.

Denna studie har undersökt om spelare förhåller sig annorlunda till sin karaktär i papper & penna rollspel på grund av karaktärernas kön. Detta gjordes genom att skapa en artefakt, en så kallad ”one-shot”, av ett kortare äventyr med hjälp av den fjärde utgåvan av regelverket för papper & penna rollspelet Dungeons & Dragons. Artefakten utspelade sig i ett stort spökhus med en ond häxa inuti. Spelarna fick välja mellan fyra olika manliga karaktärer att ta kontroll över inför äventyret. Äventyret tillät spelarna att lösa flera enkla pussel, slåss mot häxans magiska korpar samt pussla ihop vem häxan var och vad hennes verkliga mål egentligen var. Halvvägs genom denna spelomgång förvandlar häxan alla karaktärerna till kvinnor och tillär spelarna att välja mellan två speciella drycker vid två tillfällen. Alla dessa delmoment och faktorer användes för att observera om det fanns någon skillnad i spelarnas agerande under spelomgången. Efter äventyret avslutats deltog alla spelare i en individuell, kvalitativ intervju på cirka 20 till 30 minuter. Frågorna från intervjuerna kan ses i Appendix A. Resultaten visar att könet av en karaktär inte förändrar hur en spelare tänker eller agerar utan andra faktorer. Om scenariot spelarna befinner sig i trycker på könsroller kan spelarna välja att utnyttja sin karaktärs kön för att uppnå någonting, men detta sker inte helt baslöst på grund av könet i sig.

Abstract The purpose of this Bachelor thesis has been to find a way to increase physical activity through the digitization of hiking trails. With information on interesting places around the hiking trail, we hope that this will enable people to get out on the hiking trails. Both to exercise but also to learn a little more about places in their vicinity. Through walking interviews, we have gathered data about the user's thoughts and ideas about the hiking trails. As well as studying UX design and HCI to see patterns of the user that can be applied in the product, to make our design more appealing and more user friendly. In our process, we have used Wireframe to get a common and visual image to work for. After that, we have worked with Extreme programming to work together and create the code for the design. Our result has grown into a demo application that is open to more features and other fields of use if desired. At the end of this work, new thoughts and ideas have also been brought to life, how the demo app could be used in other areas, such as in the archipelago and for educational purposes for children. Keywords Smartphone application, walking trails, points of interests, movement, hiking. / Abstrakt Detta kandidatarbetets syfte har varit att finna ett sätt att öka den fysiska aktiviteten genom digitalisering av vandringsleder. Med hjälp av information om intressanta platser runt om vandringsleden, hoppas vi att detta förmår folk att ta sig ut på vandringslederna. Både för att motionera men också för att lära sig lite mer om platser i sin närmiljö. Vi har genom promenadintervjuer samlat data om användarens tankar och ideér gällande vandringslederna. Samt studerat UX design och HCI för att kunna se mönster hos användaren som går att applicera i produkten, för att göra vår design mer tilltalande och mera användarvänlig. I vår process har vi använt oss av Wireframe för att få en gemensam och visuell bild att jobba efter. Därefter har vi jobbat med Extreme programming för att tillsammans arbeta fram koden till gestaltningen. Vårt resultat har vuxit fram till en demo-applikation som är öppen för fler funktioner och användningsområden om så önskas. I slutet av detta arbetet har även nya tankar och ideér väckts till liv, om hur demo-appen skulle kunna användas inom andra områden såsom i skärgården och i lärosyfte för barn. Nyckelord Mobilapplikation, Vandringsleder, Intressepunkter, Rörelse, Vandring.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the topic of immigration was framed by the two French newspapers Le Monde and Le Figaro in their political online sections during the two weeks following the terror attack on the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in 2015. Applying frame analyses on textual articles published during this time, this paper can conclude that five frames manifested themselves. Furthermore, a high degree of political parallelism, characterized by what Robert Entman refers to as content biased news coverage, was detected that greatly distinguished the two newspapers coverage of immigration. Le Monde, commonly erred to as a left-centrist paper, never openly criticized the ruling leftist government during the time frame studied. Contrastingly, Le Figaro, commonly referred to as a right-centrist paper, was overtly sceptic towards the socialist party, and framed multiple articles arguing that the right-wing populist party Front National was unjustly treated by the left as well as arguing for the legitimacy of the right-center party UMP. Based on the theoretical approach of framing, this thesis concludes that the media culture of both Le Monde and Le Figaro display characteristics greatly influenced by their political orientations. This paper also concludes that the two newspapers’ framing of the immigration topic was directly and consequently related to actions by the controversial right-wing populist party Front National. This implies a salience of ideological orientation of the newspapers in their framing of the news framing.Whether and how this framing of the news related to the terror attacks affected the opinions of their readers would be an interesting focus for future research.

The purpose of this study is to explore the expressions of a commercialising fashion journalistic genre by focusing on how ELLE.se, Sweden’s biggest online fashion platform, use advertorials and click-based content. This is investigated through three research questions focusing on what journalistic and marketing discourses that are apparent in advertorials and click-based material; what blend of genres that are seen in different kinds of text commercial on ELLE.se and what discursive conflicts between journalistic ideals and commercial pressure are seen in the production of advertorial content. Theories used in the study are marketisation of public discourse together with Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the commercialisation of news and lastly genres, also focusing on fashion journalism as a genre. In order to explore the expressions a discursive analysis is used on advertorials and click- based material on ELLE.se whilst qualitative interviews with respondents producing the content are conducted to investigate the third research question. The results of the study show that numerous journalistic and marketing discourses are apparent in advertorials and click- based material, with personification through conversational discourse, the pursuit of happiness by portraying the reader as an imperfect person and a friendly brand through corporate advertising as three recurrent themes. A majority of the text commercial at ELLE.se balances between editorial content and advertisement, demonstrating many aspects of an evolving hybrid genre. Lastly, respondents in the qualitative interviews identify digitalisation, loss of journalistic quality and decreased reliability as three discursive conflicts between journalistic ideals and commercial pressure. The result stresses how the impact of commercialism and how journalistic and promotional discourses are continuously blended, showing aspects of ongoing hybridisation and converging genres.

The aim of this comparative study has been to identify similarities and differences in Swedish and British media’s framing and empowerment of actors in relation to the 2017 Stockholm terror attack. Theories on the risk society, framing, power and CDA have been used to create a framework that gives a deeper understanding of media’s role in framing actors and events, and how this can potentially affect the public. Moreover, to determine how media use their power to dis- tribute power among the actors and objects that are part of such an attack. A critical discourse analysis has been carried out on excerpts from a total of 15 articles, seven and six from Sweden and Britain respectively. In this analysis, both framing and power issues were identified, which was used to conduct a discussion on the findings in relation to the the- oretical framework used. It was found that while Sweden and Britain are part of the same culture and therefore largely covered the terror attack the same way, there was a significant difference in the portrayal of the perpetrator. Swedish media had a tendency to use othering and describe the perpetrator as one of “them” as opposed to the “we”. British media, on the other hand, made use of other- ing as well, but would also offer descriptions that could make the “we” relate to him. This difference can potentially be due to the fact that Swedes have been more emotional about the attack, as it happened in their own country. The distribution of power between actors were done similarly in both countries. Two power- plays were identified: the police vs. the perpetrator, and the act (the truck) vs. the public. In order to avoid giving the perpetrator credit for the act, when the act was portrayed, the truck would be described as the powerful actor. Thus, even though it is common sense that the truck did not drive into people on itself, the perpetrator’s actions has not been acknowledged in the media. Instead, when describing the perpetrator, it has been done in relation to the police, who were described as the powerful actors – they caught the perpetrator, i.e. he did not have the power to avoid them or escape. Thus, while Swedish and British media largely have covered the act the same way and with the same means, the Swedish media have used emotional means to further othering.

Ämnet vi valt för denna uppsats är mångfald och representation. Vi kommer att undersöka hur mångfalden på Instagram-flödet hos modehus påverkar deras icke-vita följare på Instagram. Vi kommer även att studera hur representation påverkar människors attityder och vilka konsekvenser för de rasifierade följarna som kan uppstå vid brist på representation – med fokus på hur synen och känslor för varumärket påverkas. I denna uppsats kommer vi att främst utgå ifrån intervjuer med rasifierade följare som har ett visst intresse av mode och som följer minst ett varumärke på Instagram. Vi har valt att utgå ifrån varumärken som intervjuobjekten själva får välja. Detta för att få ett så genuint svar som möjligt då vi anser att man har bäst koll på varumärken som man själv följer. Fokus kommer att vara att förstå hur mångfald och representation påverkar följarnas känslor för varumärket. Det vill säga; vi kommer att studera hur människors känslor och attityder för varumärket påverkas utifrån mångfalden på varumärkets Instagram-flöde. I intervjuerna har vi valt att avgränsa oss till icke-vita följare mellan 18-27 år. / The subject we chose for this thesis is diversity and representation. We will study how the diversity of the Instagram feed of brands affects their non-white followers on Instagram. We will also study how representation affects non-white people and the consequences that can arise in the absence of representation - focusing on how the perspective and feelings of the brand is affected. In this essay, we will primarily assume interviews with people who have a certain interest in fashion and follows at least one brand on Instagram.  We have chosen to study brands chosen by our interviewees because we think that will give us the most honest answers. We believe that the interviewees will be more up to date on the brand that way. The focus will be to understand how diversity and representation affect the feelings of the followers for the brand. We will study how people's feelings for the brand are influenced based on the brand's Instagram feed. We will look at the fashion brand’s Instagram posts to find out the amount of diversity they show in their posts, so we have actual numbers to report. We will also conduct interviews and analyze these interviews to bring out thoughts and feelings towards the different brands. We have chosen to delimit non-white followers between the age of 18-27.