The aim of this thesis is to examine how ethical dilemmas can be assessed and addressed by the various ethical theories. These are dilemmas experienced by the help workers who encounter within their profession with a group of mistreated and abused children. First part of the thesis provides the description of the specific concepts related to work. The following section is devoted to factors that may influence the emergence of a dilemma and which are reflected within the solutions of the dilemmas. The main part of the thesis deals with the ethical analysis of specific dilemmas identified. Individual dilemmas are analyzed using the literature and ethical approaches. To each dilemma a reflection of its solutions is attached according to ethical theories and ethical codes of the workers from which possible insufficiencies arise. The thesis is concluded by the chapter on the proposed solutions of this situation and the practical benefits of the work.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O abuso sexual de crianÃas e adolescentes representa uma situaÃÃo de risco e uma violaÃÃo de direitos humanos sexuais e particulares da pessoa em desenvolvimento. No atendimento Ãs vÃtimas, os profissionais de saÃde precisam atuar com recursos instrumentais e teÃricos que estÃo alÃm do que os cursos de graduaÃÃo oferecem. Objetivou-se analisar as aÃÃes desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saÃde no atendimento a crianÃas e adolescentes que sofreram abuso sexual. Buscou-se conhecer os significados atribuÃdos pelos profissionais de saÃde a esse problema. O local onde se deu a pesquisa foi um hospital geral pediÃtrico da cidade de Fortaleza â CE. Realizou-se pesquisa de cunho qualitativo e os sujeitos foram 21 profissionais de saÃde. Os dados foram obtidos atravÃs de entrevista semi-estruturada, gravada. Para anÃlise e organizaÃÃo, utilizou-se a tÃcnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os profissionais foram enfermeiros, mÃdicos, assistentes sociais, psicÃlogas, psicopedagogas. A maioria jamais participou de qualquer treinamento sobre o tema. Constatou-se que os sujeitos entendem o abuso sexual como uma violaÃÃo, uma experiÃncia de sofrimento para a crianÃa, que se apresenta de vÃrias formas. A identificaÃÃo do abuso se dà atravÃs dos sinais e sintomas especÃficos e inespecÃficos, da suspeita a partir do comportamento e do relato da crianÃa e da investigaÃÃo para comprovaÃÃo material. As condutas, apÃs a investigaÃÃo, sÃo encaminhamentos dentro da instituiÃÃo, notificaÃÃo ao Conselho Tutelar, prevenÃÃo e tratamento dos agravos resultantes do abuso e o cuidado com a crianÃa e o adolescente. A existÃncia de uma rotina prÃpria à percebida por alguns atravÃs da atuaÃÃo da ComissÃo de PrevenÃÃo aos Maus-tratos, enquanto outros percebem a existÃncia de uma rotina no hospital em geral e outros afirmam nÃo existir uma rotina. O envolvimento das categorias à percebido a partir da atuaÃÃo na ComissÃo. Alguns sujeitos nÃo sabem como sua categoria està envolvida, enquanto outros entendem que nÃo hà envolvimento, por nÃo haver uma rotina prÃpria. As estratÃgias para qualificaÃÃo dos profissionais adotadas pela instituiÃÃo sÃo consideradas como atividades regulares, esporÃdicas ou inexistentes. O atendimento no serviÃo e na rede de saÃde à visto como possÃvel, a partir dos recursos jà existentes no serviÃo, possÃvel a partir da atuaÃÃo da ComissÃo de PrevenÃÃo aos Maus-tratos e difÃcil, devido ao descrÃdito na rede de assistÃncia. As dificuldades identificadas para o atendimento sÃo a falta de preparo do profissional, emocional, a omissÃo da famÃlia e a insuficiente estrutura do serviÃo. As sugestÃes para melhorar a atuaÃÃo dos profissionais no tema sÃo a capacitaÃÃo e a estruturaÃÃo do serviÃo. Conclui-se que os profissionais de saÃde no serviÃo pesquisado apresentam dificuldades para o atendimento no tocante à capacitaÃÃo, à estruturaÃÃo dos serviÃos e à articulaÃÃo da rede de saÃde e da rede intersetorial. Hà necessidade de fortalecer a ComissÃo, criar normas e rotinas de atendimento, planejar treinamento sobre abuso sexual e sobre outras formas de violÃncia contra crianÃas e adolescentes e implementar parcerias com instituiÃÃes afins, visando à formaÃÃo de redes. / The sexual abuse of children and adolescents consists of a risk situation and a violation of sexual and particular human rights of the person in development. In the attendance to the victims, the health professionals need to act with instrumental and theoretical resources that are beyond what undergraduate courses offer. One aimed to analyze the actions developed by health professionals in the attendance to children and adolescents who suffered sexual abuse. One aimed to know the meanings attributed by health professionals to this problem, considering the subjectsâ context through the Social Representations Theory. The institution where the research was conducted was a pediatric general hospital in the city of Fortaleza â CE. One conducted a qualitative research and the subjects were 21 health professionals. The data were obtained through a recorded semi-structured interview, and for analysis and organization, the Collective Subject Discourse technique was used. The professionals were nurses, doctors, social workers, psychologists and pedagogues, most of them had never taken any training about the theme. One noticed that the subjects understand sexual abuse as a violation, a suffering experience for the children and that has several forms. The identification of the abuse happens through the signals, specific and non-specific symptoms, through the suspect starting from the childâs behavior, through the investigation for material prove and through the childâs report. The conducts after investigation are forwarding inside the institution, notification to the Guardianship Council, prevention and treatment of the traumas resulting from the abuse and the care to the child and the adolescent. The existence of an own routine is noticed by some through the actions of the Mistreatment Prevention Commission, while others notice the existence of a routine in the hospital in general and others argue that there is not a routine. The involvement of the categories is noticed starting from the actions of the Commission. Some subjects do not know how their category is involved, while others understand that there is not involvement, as there is not an own routine. The strategy for qualification of the professionals adopted by the institution is considered as regular, sporadic and non-existent activities. The attendance in the institution and in the health system is seen as possible starting from the resources existing in the service, possible from the actions of the Mistreatment Prevention Commission and hard due to the discredit in the assistance system. The difficulties identified for the attendance are the lack of emotional preparation of the professional, the omission of the family and the insufficient structure of the service. The suggestions to enhance the professionalsâ actions in the theme are the preparation of the professionals and the enhancement of the serviceâs structure. One concludes that the health professionals in the service researched show difficulties for the attendance concerning the preparation, structure of the services and articulation of the health and intersection systems. It is necessary to empower the Commission, create rules and attendance routines, to plan trainings about sexual abuse and other forms of violence against children and adolescents and implement partnerships with similar institutions, aiming to form nets.

O presente trabalho procurou analisar a aplicação da Lei Federal de Crimes Ambientais no que concerne aos maus tratos a animais domésticos na cidade de São Paulo. Através da análise do arquivo de processos indeferidos do GECAP, Grupo Especial de Combate aos Crimes Ambientais e de Parcelamento Irregular do Solo Urbano, localizado no Ministério Público de São Paulo, foi lançada uma hipótese acerca da dinâmica estabelecida para averiguação das denúncias, considerando os atores sociais envolvidos nela. Partindo da ideia de que o sistema jurídico é, muitas vezes, uma forma de manutenção do status quo para controle de alguns grupos sociais considerados perigosos à ordem estabelecida na cidade, procurou-se averiguar, com o trabalho de campo organizado em gráficos e tabelas que relacionam renda, número de denúncias e ocupação do espaço nas Subprefeituras da cidade, como o direito ambiental poderia reproduzir uma lógica de criminalização da pobreza. Para isso, buscou-se identificar se existe relação entre espaços considerados periferias e maior número de denúncias. Além disso, por ser um crime que ocorre no espaço privado dos denunciados, a presente pesquisa investigou brevemente as dinâmicas entre privado e público na cidade de São Paulo e se o acesso ao espaço privado é mais facilitado em espaços horizontalizados e de periferia. Nos espaços centrais e verticalizados, o processo de gentrificação, que expulsa os mais pobres das regiões supervalorizadas, concentra espaços de periferia e investigou-se o direito ambiental atuou como forma de denunciar e de expulsar aqueles considerados inadequados à nova configuração estabelecida nesses locais. / The present work sought to analyze the application of the Federal Law on Environmental Crimes in relation to the mistreatment of domestic animals in the city of São Paulo. Through the analysis of the file of rejected cases of GECAP, a Special Group to Combat Environmental Crimes and Irregular Urban Land Installment, located in the Public Prosecutor\'s Office of São Paulo, a hypothesis was launched about the established dynamics to investigate complaints, considering the actors involved in the cases. Starting from the idea that the legal system is often a way of maintaining the status quo to control some social groups considered to be dangerous to the established order in the city, it was tried to ascertain, with the field work organized in graphs and tables that they relate income, number of denunciations and occupation of space in the subprefeituras of the city, as environmental law could reproduce a logic of criminalization of poverty. For this, we sought to identify if there is a relationship between spaces considered as peripheries and a greater number of denunciations. In addition, because this crime occurs in the private space of the denounced, this research briefly investigated the dynamics between private and public in the city of São Paulo and whether access to private space is more facilitated in horizontal and peripheral spaces. In central and vertical spaces, the gentrification process, which expels the poorest of the overvalued regions, concentrates peripheral spaces and investigated the environmental law acted as a way of denouncing and expelling those considered inadequate to the new configuration established in these places.

Violence against children is a common phenomenon that is spread all over the world and always existed through the centuries. The present work will define the different forms of violences that children are victims of, present the causes which lead to these types of adult behaviors and the consequences on the child. The situation of two countries of our interest will be compared: France and Sweden. One will go through their history in term of infant violence, the laws which contributed to develop the rights of children and the actual situation in both nations. A personal investigation will be included in the work to have direct answers from both a French public and a Swedish one. This will allow us to have an idea about the actual way of thinking in both countries. The problems that France as well as Sweden face to fight for better children care will be mentioned, such as the difficulties people or different institutions have to alert the specialized organisations on a case of child mistreatment. The aim of this work is to compare France and Sweden and see if the hypothesis that violence is still largely spread in France and almost disappeared in Sweden is true. By analysing all the points mentioned earlier, one will eventually confirm that both countries are in totally different places concerning child violence, Sweden being the first nation to forbid any form of violence on children and France being the last one on date. One will notice that French people need to change many different points of their system as well as their way of thinking, while Swedish people need to continue their efforts to fight for this topic.

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L’objet de recherche de ce mémoire est la résilience vue à travers le prisme d’une démarche autobiographique dans un contexte de recherche-formation. Le concept de résilience pouvant être sur ou sous-estimé par divers chercheurs, l’auteure démontre dans l’analyse de son récit de vie, le fait d’une résilience ‘’ordinaire’’ et tout à fait réelle en opposition à une résilience ‘’hors de l’ordinaire’’. L’auteure aborde la notion de résilience à partir de différentes perspectives. Toutefois, elle privilégie l’approche des neurosciences qui démontre, par le biais de l’imagerie cérébrale, le remaniement du cerveau lors d’interactions. Or, pour bien des auteurs dont Boris Cyrulnik et Allan N. Schore, la résilience prend racine suite à une expérience d’attachement, la résilience ne se construisant pas seule. Le parcours autobiographique de l’auteure est bien imprégné du processus thérapeutique d’analyse bioénergétique dans lequel elle s’est engagée. / The research object of this paper is resilience as seen through the prism of an autobiographical approach within a context of research training. The concept of resilience being possibly either over-or under-estimated by various researchers, the author through analysis of her life story, relates the experience of an “ordinary” though very real resilience, this in opposition to an “out of ordinary” one. The author approaches the notion of resilience from various perspectives. However, she privileges the neurosciences approach that shows through brain imaging, the realignment of the brain during interactions. Yet, for many authors including Boris Cyrulnik and Allan N. Schore, resilience takes root following an attachment experience, as resilience cannot be built alone. The author’s therapeutic process of bioenergetic analysis is reflected in her autobiographical journey.

No description available.

L’objet de recherche de ce mémoire est la résilience vue à travers le prisme d’une démarche autobiographique dans un contexte de recherche-formation. Le concept de résilience pouvant être sur ou sous-estimé par divers chercheurs, l’auteure démontre dans l’analyse de son récit de vie, le fait d’une résilience ‘’ordinaire’’ et tout à fait réelle en opposition à une résilience ‘’hors de l’ordinaire’’. L’auteure aborde la notion de résilience à partir de différentes perspectives. Toutefois, elle privilégie l’approche des neurosciences qui démontre, par le biais de l’imagerie cérébrale, le remaniement du cerveau lors d’interactions. Or, pour bien des auteurs dont Boris Cyrulnik et Allan N. Schore, la résilience prend racine suite à une expérience d’attachement, la résilience ne se construisant pas seule. Le parcours autobiographique de l’auteure est bien imprégné du processus thérapeutique d’analyse bioénergétique dans lequel elle s’est engagée. / The research object of this paper is resilience as seen through the prism of an autobiographical approach within a context of research training. The concept of resilience being possibly either over-or under-estimated by various researchers, the author through analysis of her life story, relates the experience of an “ordinary” though very real resilience, this in opposition to an “out of ordinary” one. The author approaches the notion of resilience from various perspectives. However, she privileges the neurosciences approach that shows through brain imaging, the realignment of the brain during interactions. Yet, for many authors including Boris Cyrulnik and Allan N. Schore, resilience takes root following an attachment experience, as resilience cannot be built alone. The author’s therapeutic process of bioenergetic analysis is reflected in her autobiographical journey.