Felix Saul (1883-1942) var verksam som körledare, musikskribent och musikpedagog, och undervisade främst i sin egen musikskola, Stockholms privata konservatorium (SPK). Syftet med studien är att undersöka den pedagogik som Felix Saul tillämpade i sin musikundervisning i barngrupper på SPK. Empirin utgörs av intervjuer med Sauls tidigare elever, och av hans egna artikelserier om musikpedagogik. Materialet har analyserats utifrån ett övergripande kulturpsykologiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att Sauls undervisning som syftade till att utveckla elevernas musikalitet i stor utsträckning följde Tonika-do-metoden som den beskrivs av samtida litteratur, men att han lade större vikt vid ackordfunktioner och rytmikövningar, och att lek var en central del av undervisningen. Genom undervisningen fick eleverna tillgång till en omfångsrik verktygslåda med kulturella verktyg i form av konventioner att strukturera, uttrycka och representera musik, som de i fortsatt lärande kunde kombinera till individuella strategier för notläsning, interpretation och i musiklyssnande. Av studien har också framkommit att Saul var en betydelsefull musikpedagog trots att han inte fullt ut var accepterad av etablissemanget. / Felix Saul (1883-1942) was engaged as a choiremaster, music writer and music teacher, mainly at his own music school: Stockholms privata konservatorium (SPK). The purpose of this study is to describe how Felix Saul tought children's groups at SPK, and what pedagogy he employed. The empirical material consists of interviews with students who participated in Saul's children's groups and Saul's own series of articles about his music pedagogy. The material has been analyzed from a cultural psychological perspective. The result show that the teaching methods used by Saul to a large extent followed the Tonika-do method as it was described in the contemporary literature, but with a bigger emphasis on harmonic theory and eurhythmics, and that playing games was a central part of the educational activities. The education gave the students access to cultural tool-box a variety of tools in the form of established music-cultural conventions of structuring, expressing and representing music, that they could combine to create individual learning strategies for sight reading, interpretation as well as listening to music. In this study Saul has emerged as an influential music educator even though he was not fully accepted by the establishment.

Esta pesquisa objetiva confrontar os fundamentos das atuais regulamentações dos direitos autorais com aspectos de processos de registro e difusão musicais entre grupos Mbyá-Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul. A emergência da música étnica no mercado musical mundial, a promoção de políticas públicas de proteção ao patrimônio cultural e a difusão de meios tecnológicos de registro musical são tomados nesta pesquisa como fatores que afetaram significativamente os processos de criação musical entre grupos indígenas nas últimas três décadas. Nesta etnografia procurei privilegiar casos em que nem mesmo a atribuição de autoria a uma coletividade é suficiente para resolver impasses surgidos em tentativas de definição autoral destas criações, o que evidencia certas limitações dos sistemas de proteção vigentes, restritos a uma perspectiva antropocêntrica e individualista. As concepções êmicas referentes a mediações por onde circulam as expressões musicais apontam, simultaneamente, para a participação de diferentes categorias de entidades que povoam o cosmos nos processos de criação musical, o que varia em relação a cada repertório, e para a relevância do controle sobre a circulação destas expressões. / This research aims to confront the foundations of current regulations of copyright issues with the processes of recording and broadcasting music between groups Mbyá- Guarani in Rio Grande do Sul The emergence of ethnic music in the music world, promoting public policies to protect the cultural heritage and the dissemination of technological means of recording compatibility are taken in this research as factors that significantly affected the processes of musical creation, among indigenous groups in the past three decades. In this ethnography sought privilege where even the attribution of authorship to a collectivity is sufficient to resolve impasses arising in attempts to define copyright of these creations, which highlights certain limitations of existing protection systems, restricted to an individualistic and anthropocentric perspective. Emic conceptions regarding mediation by circulating the musical expressions indicate both to the participation of different categories of entities that populate the cosmos in the processes of musical creation, which varies for each repertoire, and of the importance of control over the movement of these expressions.

Esta pesquisa objetiva confrontar os fundamentos das atuais regulamentações dos direitos autorais com aspectos de processos de registro e difusão musicais entre grupos Mbyá-Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul. A emergência da música étnica no mercado musical mundial, a promoção de políticas públicas de proteção ao patrimônio cultural e a difusão de meios tecnológicos de registro musical são tomados nesta pesquisa como fatores que afetaram significativamente os processos de criação musical entre grupos indígenas nas últimas três décadas. Nesta etnografia procurei privilegiar casos em que nem mesmo a atribuição de autoria a uma coletividade é suficiente para resolver impasses surgidos em tentativas de definição autoral destas criações, o que evidencia certas limitações dos sistemas de proteção vigentes, restritos a uma perspectiva antropocêntrica e individualista. As concepções êmicas referentes a mediações por onde circulam as expressões musicais apontam, simultaneamente, para a participação de diferentes categorias de entidades que povoam o cosmos nos processos de criação musical, o que varia em relação a cada repertório, e para a relevância do controle sobre a circulação destas expressões. / This research aims to confront the foundations of current regulations of copyright issues with the processes of recording and broadcasting music between groups Mbyá- Guarani in Rio Grande do Sul The emergence of ethnic music in the music world, promoting public policies to protect the cultural heritage and the dissemination of technological means of recording compatibility are taken in this research as factors that significantly affected the processes of musical creation, among indigenous groups in the past three decades. In this ethnography sought privilege where even the attribution of authorship to a collectivity is sufficient to resolve impasses arising in attempts to define copyright of these creations, which highlights certain limitations of existing protection systems, restricted to an individualistic and anthropocentric perspective. Emic conceptions regarding mediation by circulating the musical expressions indicate both to the participation of different categories of entities that populate the cosmos in the processes of musical creation, which varies for each repertoire, and of the importance of control over the movement of these expressions.

Esta pesquisa objetiva confrontar os fundamentos das atuais regulamentações dos direitos autorais com aspectos de processos de registro e difusão musicais entre grupos Mbyá-Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul. A emergência da música étnica no mercado musical mundial, a promoção de políticas públicas de proteção ao patrimônio cultural e a difusão de meios tecnológicos de registro musical são tomados nesta pesquisa como fatores que afetaram significativamente os processos de criação musical entre grupos indígenas nas últimas três décadas. Nesta etnografia procurei privilegiar casos em que nem mesmo a atribuição de autoria a uma coletividade é suficiente para resolver impasses surgidos em tentativas de definição autoral destas criações, o que evidencia certas limitações dos sistemas de proteção vigentes, restritos a uma perspectiva antropocêntrica e individualista. As concepções êmicas referentes a mediações por onde circulam as expressões musicais apontam, simultaneamente, para a participação de diferentes categorias de entidades que povoam o cosmos nos processos de criação musical, o que varia em relação a cada repertório, e para a relevância do controle sobre a circulação destas expressões. / This research aims to confront the foundations of current regulations of copyright issues with the processes of recording and broadcasting music between groups Mbyá- Guarani in Rio Grande do Sul The emergence of ethnic music in the music world, promoting public policies to protect the cultural heritage and the dissemination of technological means of recording compatibility are taken in this research as factors that significantly affected the processes of musical creation, among indigenous groups in the past three decades. In this ethnography sought privilege where even the attribution of authorship to a collectivity is sufficient to resolve impasses arising in attempts to define copyright of these creations, which highlights certain limitations of existing protection systems, restricted to an individualistic and anthropocentric perspective. Emic conceptions regarding mediation by circulating the musical expressions indicate both to the participation of different categories of entities that populate the cosmos in the processes of musical creation, which varies for each repertoire, and of the importance of control over the movement of these expressions.

La période comprise entre 1917 et 1937 marque le début de la littérature chinoise moderne. La littérature française a participé à la construction de cette nouvelle littérature, dont la modernité réside dans la négation des valeurs littéraires et sociales chinoises classiques, dans l’ouverture aux littératures étrangères et dans l’appel au respect de l’individualité. Des écrivains chinois novateurs contestent la nécessité de la société et mettent en avant la vie intérieure dans la littérature. Ils trouvent une signification à la vie dans l’amour et dans la beauté, chacun interprétant ces notions à sa manière. Cette époque est aussi celle, en Chine, de débats littéraires. Aux écrivains individualistes s’opposent des écrivains passéistes et des écrivains engagés à gauche. La confrontation entre différentes conceptions littéraires se reflète dans la réception de la littérature française. Dans les revues littéraires chinoises, des idées opposées sont formulées à propos de Ronsard, de Montaigne et de Malherbe. Des controverses agitent les milieux littéraires autour de Molière, de Rousseau ou de Baudelaire. Les divergences sur la compréhension de la littérature française résultent du fait que les critiques et les traducteurs chinois perçoivent de manière différente la relation entre l’homme et le temps, et la relation entre l’homme et la société. L’interprétation de la littérature française par les écrivains chinois s’appuie sur des réflexions sur l’homme et sur sa situation existentielle. / The period between 1917 and 1937 marks the beginning of modern Chinese literature. French literature has contributed to the construction of Chinese new literature, the modernity of which resides in the denial of traditional Chinese literary and social values, in the opening to foreign literatures, and in the call for respect of the individuality. Chinese writers with pioneering spirit contest the necessity of the society and highlight the internal life in literature. They all consider the pursuit of love and beauty as the signification of the life. However, they interpret those notions of love and beauty in different ways. This period in China is full of literary debates. Individualistic writers are opposed to backward-looking writers and left-wing writers. The confrontation between different literary conceptions is reflected in the reception of French literature in China. In Chinese literary magazines, opposed ideas are formulated on Ronsard, on Montaigne and on Malherbe. Debates concerning Molière, Rousseau and Baudelaire arose in literary circles. The difference of opinions on French literature results from the fact that Chinese critics and translators understand in different ways the relationship between mankind, the time and the society. The interpretation of French literature by Chinese writers is based on reflection on human beings and on their existential situation.

The Diploma Thesis deals with the matters of children's musicality and the main factors influencing it. The thesis includes a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the musicality issue and its structure, as well as on the factors that participate in this matter. Special attention is put to the out-of-school influences on the development of musicality. There is an outline of the influence of a family and its members, characteristics of a contemporary family and a present-day lifestyle. The thesis also deals with a social group influence and the impact of mass media, such as television, computers and the Internet. One of the subchapters is dedicated to the out-of-school artistic interests of children; another one deals with how music around us can act in a form of commercials, or in a store, for example. The practical part of this thesis is formed through a research oriented to the out-of-school influences mentioned above. This research was held at Libčická Primary School, Prague. The research included a questionnaire; the next step was a musical ability test, which later served to the elaboration of case studies of selected children. Comparing the results of the questionnaire with the individual children performances in the musicality test, the thesis highlights the...

This dissertation of an interdisciplinary character involves music education, music psychology, linguistics and special education. In the theoretical part of the thesis the author explains the term timbre from the musicological and linguistic perspective; characterizes timbre hearing as a musical hearing ability; introduces and compares timbre and phonemic hearing tests; describes the development of musicality and speech of pre-school children from an ontogenetic perspective, and emphasizes hearing atten- tion as a prerequisite for their advancement. The author also characterizes disruption of these abilities and describes reeducation therapies that involve elements of music education and mu- sic therapy. A field study described in the practical part of the thesis has a form of fundamental research and experiment. Research participants were 180 pre-school children. A field study is addressing the relationship between speech and musical manifestations of pre-school children with atypi- cal speech development. The aim of the experiment was to search for the most effective com- bination of music and language education with positive influence on both musicality and speech. Chapters of the thesis introduce a unique diagnostic material, experimental methodol- ogy and research outcomes. A field study...

The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the theoretical knowledge of musical-psychological categories, which also includes musicality. The next chapter of the theoretical part is also focused on this theme. The last chapter is creativity and its characteristics and specifics in use in primary school. In the practical part was used the method of parallel group technique. Twenty two pupils took part in the experimental teaching and the same number of pupils represented the control group. The respondents were from two 4th grade classes of primary school. Moreover, in the practical part there is an analysis of the results of empirical research, which was realized by collective screening of musicality. Research has shown that pupils developed through creative intonation achieve better musicality than pupils trained in conventional music education. KEYWORDS musicality, musical creativity, creative intonation, screening of musical creativity, music education, primary school, experimental teaching

Nous nous intéresserons dans ce présent mémoire à l’« idiotie » du réel à partir de deux œuvres, celle du philosophe français Clément Rosset et celle du cinéaste sud-coréen, Hong Sangsoo. Nous poserons comme hypothèse que ces deux auteurs, à travers leurs théorie du réel, qu’elle soit philosophique ou esthétique, arrivent à un constat commun : le réel est « idiot », non pas au sens d’imbécile, mais en son sens premier c’est-à-dire « singulier, sans reflets ni doubles » (Rosset). Pour vérifier cette hypothèse nous procéderons d’abord par la construction d’un cadre théorique réalisé à partir de la définition rossetienne du réel. Ce cadre nous permettra de problématiser à la fois l’utilisation du zoom, la construction narrative, ainsi que les jeux temporels propres aux films de Hong, et ce, à partir de trois films du cinéaste : « Le pouvoir de la province de Kangwon » (1998), « Night and Day » (2007) et « Matins calmes à Séoul » (2011). Enfin il sera question, dans la dernière partie de ce mémoire, d’observer quelles peuvent être les conséquences engendrées par le fait de reconnaître ou non l’idiotie de toute réalité, à la fois dans des termes philosophiques mais également au plan de la prise d’images photographiques ou cinématographiques. / In this master’s thesis we will focus on the idiocy of reality in the work of two authors: Clément Rosset, a French philosopher, and Hong Sangsoo, a South-Korean filmmaker. As a hypothesis we will defend that both Rosset and Hong, through their theory of reality, come to the same conclusion: the reality is “idiot”, not in the sense of stupid, but in its primary meaning, in other words “singular, without any glare or double” (Rosset). To verify this assumption we will first build a theoretical framework based on Clément Rosset’s definition of the “réel”. This theoretical framework will allow us to problematize the use of the zoom, the narrative construction and the temporal games present in three Hong Sangsoo movies that we will analyze: “The Power of Kangwon Province” (1998), “Night and Day” (2007), “The Day He Arrived” (2011). Finally, in the last chapter we will discuss and observe what may be the consequences of recognizing or not the idiocy of any reality, in philosophical terms and for cinematographic creation.

Situated within deep history, this study explores the auditory and spiritual lives of Paleolithic women. It considers their personal agency in mediating the spiritual power of sound and how doing so contributes to a multifaceted musicality. The theoretical framework involves a wide spectrum of topics, from ways of rethinking the writing of history and reckoning with time, to sound studies and the study of acoustics in ancient sites, to a critical examination through a feminist lens of normative disciplinary scholarship in anthropology and archaeology, religious studies, and musicology. I explore potential audio-visual-lithic relationships for their implications for deepening an understanding of the spiritual aspects of Paleolithic life. Drawing from this interdisciplinary literature, integrative discussions are constructed which when considered collectively, not only provide different types of role models and different criteria pertaining to women's experiences of music-making, but also facilitate the emergence of a more nuanced understanding of Paleolithic spiritual practices. In this women-centric narrative innumerable generations of women's participation as spiritual healers within the shamanic musical paradigm are acknowledged and valued, broadening the parameters of women's cultural heritage and spiritual experience. This expansion can help women today turn away from a compensatory music history perspective that is oriented toward figuring out how to fit into a prescribed androcentric narrative of Western art music and turn towards a more holistic narrative in which women can better consider their lineage(s) on their own terms. It fosters re-conceptualizations of women's musical and spiritual identities by reorienting the timeline, contexts, and definition of women's experiences of music-making as sound-producers and sound-interpreters. This project is intended to provide one possible starting point for new conversations about women in music regardless of one's positionality. From a more inclusive gynocentric vantage point, the toxic self-perpetuating loop which has affected how musicology has thus far been shaped, namely through the undervaluing of women’s musical experiences and the ways that they think and feel about music, is being contested. Ultimately, it is a matter of ownership.