Trata-se de um estudo exploratório empírico, de natureza qualitativa, que busca analisar, sob a ótica das relações de gênero, as singularidades das trajetórias afetivas, sexuais e reprodutivas de mulheres jovens de estratos populares do município de São Paulo, a partir de suas experiências de socialização. Por meio de entrevistas em profundidade semi-estruturadas realizadas com seis jovens, entre 16 e 20 anos, quatro das quais com experiência de gravidez na adolescência, buscou-se compreender, em primeiro lugar, o processo de aprendizagem das \"regras\" sociais da sexualidade modeladas e preconizadas pelos diversos agentes socializadores, bem como de que modo as jovens articulam e se apropriam desses saberes, formando seu acervo de conhecimentos sobre sexualidade. Em segundo lugar, buscou-se a identificação e a análise dos elementos que são percebidos pelas jovens como mais relevantes na concretização ou no adiamento do projeto de maternidade. Busca-se ressaltar, ainda, a importância da heterogeneidade dos perfis e a diversidade das situações vividas pelas jovens, considerando que as políticas públicas de saúde e de educação tendem a homogeneizá-las sob o critério etário, desconsiderando os significados e representações de sexualidade e de maternidade. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se, sobretudo, no conceito de socialização desenvolvido por Peter Berger e Thomas Luckmann e no conceito de gênero elaborado por Joan Scott. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida no bairro de Cidade Tiradentes, da zona leste de São Paulo, entre as jovens usuárias da Casa Ser - Centro de Atenção à Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva Maria Auxiliadora Lara Barcelos, uma unidade de saúde especializada no atendimento às mulheres do bairro, que possui características pioneiras e inovadoras, trabalhando sob a perspectiva das relações de gênero. O período de entrevistas estendeu-se por cerca de um ano, durante o qual foi possível acompanhar alguns acontecimentos nas vidas das jovens, como por exemplo, o nascimento do/a filho/a, suas jornadas em busca de emprego e suas percepções em relação aos eventos passados, bem como suas perspectivas de futuro. Como resultados principais, foi constatado que as jovens constroem seu repertório de conhecimentos sobre sexualidade a partir de discursos e de modelos de diversos agentes socializadores, sendo todos importantes neste processo e que elas participam ativamente na busca de informações que as possibilitem fazer escolhas em relação a sua sexualidade. Foi constatado também que os modelos de gênero presentes, sobretudo na socialização familiar e nas relações afetivas agem fortemente no modo como as jovens pensam a maternidade, sendo mais relevantes do que os discursos preconizados pela família e por outros agentes socializadores. / This is an empirical qualitative research, which purpose is to analyze, under gender relations perspective, the singularities of love, sexual and reproductive trajectories of underprivileged young women living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, considering their socialization experiences. Six young women between the ages of 16 and 20, four among which had teen pregnancy experience, were interviewed, with the purpose to understand, first, the learning process of the social \"rules\" of sexuality shaped and advocated by the many socialization agents, as well as the way young women articulate and incorporate these teachings and how they build their knowledge about sexuality. Second, the investigation tried to identify and to analyze which elements are perceived by the young women as the most important in their decision-making process to become a teenage mother or to postpone this project. The study aims to emphasize the importance of the heterogeneity of the profiles and the diversity of the situations experienced by young women, considering that health and education public policies tend to homogenize them under the age criterion, ignoring the meanings and their representations of sexuality and motherhood. The concept of socialization developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann and the concept of gender elaborated by Joan Scott are applied as theoretical basis for the analysis. The field research was carried out in Cidade Tiradentes, in east São Paulo, among the young clients of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Center Maria Auxiliadora Lara Barcelos, a specialized public health unit which provide health services and counseling to women living in the neighborhood, with pioneering and innovative characteristics, working under the perspective of gender relations. The interviews were carried our for about one year, during which it was possible to follow some important events in the lives of the young, for example, the birth of their children, job hunting experiences, their perceptions about past events and future prospects. As main results, it was evidenced that the young women construct their repertoire of sexuality knowledge on the basis of discourses and models shaped by different socialization agents; all agents are important to them in the process; the young women participate actively in the search for information that help them make choices about their sexual lives. It was also evidenced that gender models, especially those in their family socialization and love relationships influence strongly the way the young women think about motherhood, and are more relevant than the discourses from families and other socialization agents.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VeronicaSP.pdf: 518072 bytes, checksum: 14f1fd9a11dab1a2de2ad83e358f071f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-12-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / From evidence of an existing divergence of opinion among professionals and adolescents using the prenatal and delivery services at a Public Health Unit, aimed to study meanings and consequences of adolescent motherhood among 26 adolescent mothers living in Felipe Camar?o, low income district of Natal, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Living in a peripheral neighbourhood with a high rate of adolescent mothers in relation to the total new-born, those girls, with offspring among 8 and 12 months age, during interview and focus groups, expressed a different appreciation of their experience than the hegemonic idea among professionals that considers pregnancy and motherhood as unwanted or undesired. With age among 15 and 20 years old, having 53,8% initiated sexual activity before being 15 years old, revealed that the pregnancy was desired in 73,1% of cases, but showing at the same time a social context marked by strong gender oppression and lack of opportunities as consequence of social class deprivation. Life projects, almost always limited to the constitution of a traditional nuclear family, with a purveyor father and care giver mother, appears with very limited possibilities: 46,2% already lived with her partner before becoming pregnant and for 50% of the participants, the birth of the child did not provoke changes in plans and projects. Lack of economical recourses and precarious public services available, together with an idealized maternity role seems to produce extra apprehension among those girls, resulting in frustration and disillusion. As a fact, 92,3% of those adolescents would recommend other adolescent to postpone the maternity project / Partindo da constata??o de que h? uma diverg?ncia de opini?o entre os profissionais e as adolescentes usu?rias dos servi?os de pr?-natal e de assist?ncia ao parto e puerp?rio em uma unidade p?blica de sa?de, abordam-se os significados e repercuss?es da maternidade na adolesc?ncia atrav?s da apreens?o dos sentidos subjacentes ao discurso de 26 m?es adolescentes residentes em Felipe Camar?o, periferia da cidade de Natal, capital do RN. Residindo em um bairro perif?rico com elevada freq??ncia relativa de m?es adolescentes em rela??o ao total de nascidos vivos, essas jovens, cujos filhos tinham entre 8 e 12 meses de idade, revelaram, nas entrevistas realizadas em domic?lio e nos grupos de discuss?o, uma viv?ncia que transcende a vis?o hegem?nica do fen?meno, tido como inoportuno e indesej?vel. Com idade entre 15 e 20 anos, tendo 53,8% iniciado a atividade sexual antes dos 15 anos de idade e revelando ter sido a gravidez desejada em 73,1% dos casos, falam de um contexto marcado por forte opress?o de g?nero e pela falta de oportunidades resultante da condi??o de classe. Os projetos de vida, quase sempre resumidos ? constitui??o de uma fam?lia nuclear tradicional, com pai provedor e m?e cuidadora, parecem n?o comportar muitas possibilidades: 46,2% j? vivam maritalmente ao engravidar e, para 50% das participantes, o nascimento da crian?a n?o provocou mudan?as nos planos ou projetos. A car?ncia econ?mica e a precariedade dos servi?os de apoio dispon?veis associam-se ao modelo altamente idealizado de maternagem vigente. A responsabilidade de prover material e afetivamente aos filhos, recaindo sobre essas jovens, resulta em frustra??o e desencantamento: 92,3% delas aconselhariam outras adolescentes a adiar o projeto de ser m?e

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaAndreaBM.pdf: 525201 bytes, checksum: 4c034ea2a039d99af93d1b0b201dd2d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-28 / Even with all changes and ruptures related to the social roles that woman had performed, the literature had confirmed that the motherhood still configures it like one of the main roles that she hopes to play in some moment of her life. When the woman did not get pregnant or take ahead a pregnancy, some women find in adoption an alternative to play this role. This research aimed to understand the experience of being mother for adoption in the case of fertile women, but whose partner is infertile. Supported by existential-phenomenological theory, used it the narrative, how methodological instrument. Participated five women, whose adoption process followed the legal ways in the Youngness and Infancy Judgeship of Natal/RN. The results showed that in the selfish training, the woman to see herself how whose role principal is to generate children, although, she think that is natural her participation in others activities go out home too. In male infertile case is a tendency that the woman strikes the infertile status too. The adoption is an alternative to fulfill her desire of being a mother and, meanwhile, please her husband and guarantee the continuity of her love relationship. Through motherly care, the woman discover herself as a mother, what brings a new meaning for her live, independent of to generate a child. Though, exit frustration, sometimes, in association with suffering, on account of the pregnancy and childbirth absence. The end of the research suggests reflections that to become fulfilled herself as mother, the woman does not need, necessarily, to generate a child, being the maternity one of the uncountable possibilities that are shown, and that she can choose, or not, accomplish it / Mesmo com todas as mudan?as e rupturas em rela??o aos pap?is sociais exercidos pela mulher, a literatura tem confirmado que a maternidade ainda se configura como um dos principais pap?is que ela espera desempenhar ao longo da vida. Quando n?o consegue engravidar ou levar adiante uma gesta??o, algumas mulheres encontram, na ado??o de uma crian?a, uma alternativa para exercer o papel materno. Este trabalho buscou compreender a viv?ncia de ser m?e por ado??o no caso de mulheres f?rteis, mas cujo companheiro ? inf?rtil. Partiu-se de um referencial fenomenol?gico-existencial, utilizando-se como instrumento metodol?gico a narrativa. Participaram cinco mulheres, cujos processos de ado??o tramitaram em uma Vara da Inf?ncia e da Juventude da Comarca de Natal/RN. Os resultados mostram que, na constitui??o de sua subjetividade, a mulher constr?i uma id?ia de si mesma como algu?m cujo principal papel consiste em colocar filhos no mundo, embora ela tamb?m considere natural sua participa??o em outras atividades fora do ambiente dom?stico. Em casos de infertilidade masculina, h? uma tend?ncia para que a mulher tamb?m assuma a condi??o de inf?rtil. A ado??o passa a ser vista como alternativa para realizar o desejo de ser m?e e, ao mesmo tempo, agradar o marido, garantindo a continuidade daquela rela??o amorosa. Atrav?s dos cuidados maternos ela se descobre m?e, o que acrescenta um novo sentido para sua vida e o sentimento de realiza??o, independente de ter gerado o filho. Contudo, tamb?m existe frustra??o, ?s vezes acompanhada de sofrimento, pela aus?ncia da gravidez e parto. Ao final, o estudo enseja reflex?es de que, para se realizar como m?e, a mulher n?o precisa, necessariamente, gerar filhos, sendo a maternidade uma das in?meras possibilidades que lhes s?o apresentadas, e que ela pode escolher, ou n?o, realizar

Late Motherhood from Demographic Point of View (Example of the Czech and Slovak Republic) Abstract The thesis thematically refers the issue of late motherhood in the Czech and Slovak Republics from the twenties of the twentieth century to the present from a demographic point of view. It describes the changes that have occurred during the observed years as to fertility of women aged over 35, using selected demographic indicators. In the second part the focus lies on the analysis of selected demographic factors using binary logistic regression. In the very end, the form of late motherhood is discussed. According to the results of the analysis are determined three different types of late motherhood. Keywords: late motherhood, late maternity, fertility, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, logistic regression

A chegada do primeiro filho traduz um cenário de intensas mudanças na rotina das mulheres, o qual é pautado por diferentes percepções a respeito da sexualidade e da maternidade. As formas como as novas mães percebem tais mudanças e, identificam suas necessidades em relação ao exercício da sexualidade exercem influência sobre o cotidiano e a saúde das mulheres. Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender como as mulheres que se tornaram mães pela primeira vez percebem as mudanças e identificam as suas necessidades em relação ao exercício da sexualidade durante o primeiro ano do período pós-parto. Especificamente buscou analisar as perspectivas das participantes sobre a maternidade e a sexualidade; compreender a vivência da sexualidade em função dos significados atribuídos a maternidade; identificar o conhecimento e a importância atribuída aos diferentes métodos contraceptivos e; identificar a importância das orientações profissionais nas questões ligadas à saúde sexual e reprodutiva das mulheres. Em virtude dos fenômenos estudados desenvolvemos uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo com 12 mulheres primíparas e usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto, interior do estado de São Paulo. O instrumento utilizado para a realização da coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada e, através da Análise de Conteúdo o material oriundo da transcrição integral das entrevistas foi fragmentado dando origem a categorias, as quais foram reagrupadas por temáticas relevantes ao objeto estudado. Da análise de conteúdo obtivemos categorias que dizem respeito a concepção de sexualidade, ao sexo e maternidade, a concepção de maternidade, a gravidez, ao parceiro e pai e, ao planejamento familiar. Portanto, a compreensão que as mulheres têm acerca do seu novo papel social imprime novos direcionamentos às experiências diárias no ambiente doméstico, nas relações sociais e no relacionamento com o parceiro. Muitas questões permeadas pelo desequilíbrio nas relações de gênero estão envolvidas nesta dinâmica como a qualidade do acesso ao planejamento familiar, a forma como se apropriam das informações recebidas e a qualidade do atendimento pré e pós-natal. A forma como a mulher exerce a sexualidade e a maternidade é indissociável da construção social da identidade feminina, construção esta que determina as práticas relativas a atenção à saúde das mulheres e que pode interferir nas escolhas e no cuidado com a saúde e na procura da assistência. / The coming of a firstborn son represents a scene of intense changes in routine of women which is lined for different perceptions related to sexuality and motherhood. The ways new mothers notice these changes and identify their needs related to sexuality influences their daily lives and the women health. This study had the goal understand how women became mothers for the first time realize the changes and identify their needs in relation to their sexuality during the first year postpartum period. Specifically sought analyze the participants perspective about motherhood and sexuality; understand the experiences of sexuality according to the meanings assigned to motherhood; identify the knowledge and the importance given to different contraceptive methods; identify the importance of professional orientation linked to maters of sexual and reproductive health of the women researched. In view of the phenomena studied we developed a qualitative research with 12 primiparous women and users of public health system in Ribeirão Preto, countryside of São Paulo state. The instrument used to perform the data collection was semi-structured interview and through the content analysis of the material from the whole interviews transcription, it was fragmented originating categories, which were regrouped by relevant themes to the object of study. Content analysis categories obtained concerning the conception of sexuality, sex and motherhood, conception of motherhood, pregnancy, partner and father, and, family planning. Therefore, the understanding women has about their new social role requires new directions to daily experiences in the home environment, in social relations and in the relationship with their partner. Many questions are permeated by the imbalance of gender relation involved in this dynamic with quality familiar planning access, the way they appropriate information received and the quality of pre and postnatal treatment. At long last, the way which the women practice the sexuality and the motherhood is inseparable from the social construction of female identity, construction that determines the practices related to the attention to womens health that could interfere in the choices and care with health and in the search for assistance.

殷樱. / Thesis submitted in: November 2009. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-143). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Yin Ying. / Chapter 一、 --- 导论 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1 --- 新时期以降女性文学批评母性主题的研究概述 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- 母性概念梳理 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3 --- 铁凝背景与创作 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4 --- 前人研究综述 --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5 --- 研究问题与方法 --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6 --- 章节安排 --- p.32 / Chapter 二、 --- 《麦秸垛》´ؤ´ؤ在理想与现实中摆荡 --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1 --- “自然母性´ح的内涵及其在铁凝小说中的表现 --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- 故事简介与前人分析 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- 对“自然母性´ح的认同与疏离 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4 --- 母性内涵的扩延 --- p.50 / Chapter 2.5 --- 与同时期母性主题创作的比较 --- p.56 / Chapter 2.6 --- 小结 --- p.58 / Chapter 三、 --- 混色“玫瑰´ح一一 “恶母´ح话语再审视 --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1 --- 新时期文学批评的“恶母´ح话语 --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2 --- 故事简介与前人分析 --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3 --- 挣扎在“觉醒´ح与“陷落´ح之间 --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4 --- 子辈对母辈的疏离与认同 --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5 --- 身体与母性 --- p.86 / Chapter 3.6 --- 小结 --- p.92 / Chapter 四、 --- “徘徊´ح产生的文化语境与九十年代铁凝的母性书写 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.1 --- 新启蒙主义思潮对八十年代铁凝小说母性主题的影响 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2 --- “择善固执´ح的价值观与现实主义创作手法 --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3 --- “善´ح的伦理价值观自身的模糊与犹疑之处 --- p.112 / Chapter 4.4 --- 小结 --- p.122 / Chapter 五、 --- 总结 --- p.124 / Chapter 5.1 --- 综合分析与回顾 --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2 --- 《麦秸垛》与《玫瑰门》中的母性内涵 --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3 --- 铁凝小说母性书写的意义与贡献 --- p.129 / Chapter 5.4 --- 研究意义与展望 --- p.131 / 附录一 --- p.133 / 附录二 --- p.136 / 参考文献 --- p.138

Excerpt: Family meals sit at the intersection of expert advice, child-centred philosophies, workforce demands, and “good” mother ideologies. As researchers and policymakers call for families to increase the frequency of shared family meals to solve a variety of problems related to children’s well-being, we direct our focus toward mothers, who remain largely responsible for this labour. Borrowing from relational dialectics theory, we examine how mothers navigate distal discourses as they talk about the histories, processes, and problems associated with their feeding labour and family meal experiences.

This volume, developed from the public forum What Do Mothers Need? and hosted by the Motherhood Initiative for Research and Community Involvement (mirci) in 2011, examines what mothers need in twenty-first century North American society in order to adequately care for their children while living full and purposeful lives. The contributors to the volume include representatives from various motherhood organizations Ontario/Canadian Native Women s Association, Hip Mama, National Excerpt: Association of Mother Centres, Mothers & More, Mocha Moms, Welfare Warriors as well as the leading motherhood scholars including Paula Caplan, Amber Kinser, Barbara Katz Rothman, Pamela Stone, and Judith Warner. The twenty-six chapters, organized into six sections Redefining Motherhood, Empowering Mothers, Mothers, Children and Families: Health and Well-Being, Mothers, Education and Social Change, Mothers, Partners and Parenting, and Mothers and Work explore what changes are needed in public/social policy, health, education, the workplace, maternal support/advocacy, and the family in order to afford full and lasting gender equity for mothers in the twenty-first century.

Excerpt:I live in a place that evokes fear, a place deformed by layers and layers of pulse-racing images, of intoxicating whiskey-dark stories.

Excerpt: As both a daughter to a mother and a mother to a daughter, I have lived, and pushed against, and been formed by, the profound truth about mother-daughter relationships suggested by this book's title: it's complicated.