El siguiente estudio será realizado con la finalidad de poder dar a comprender la relación que existe entre la imagen de marca y la confianza de marca con respecto a la intención de compra por parte de los consumidores en el canal online. Este estudio se encuentra enfocado en la categoría de dispositivos tecnológicos; como celulares, laptops y televisores. El público objetivo al cual se dirige el trabajo está conformado por hombres y mujeres, pertenecientes a los NSE A y B de 20 a 35 años que residan en Lima Metropolitana. El primer objetivo de este estudio es conocer qué es lo que los jóvenes consumidores de dispositivos tecnológicos tienen en cuenta al momento de hacer una elección de producto. Respecto a este objeto de estudio, la finalidad es entender todo el procedimiento que existe entre la necesidad de adquirir un producto y la intención que tiene el consumidor de adquirirlo. Además, se evidenciará de forma general el proceso de la decisión de compra en el sector de dispositivos tecnológicos. Para poder adquirir toda la información anteriormente mencionada, la herramienta que se utilizará es una encuesta virtual. Estas encuestas serán realizadas a una muestra de 400 personas vía correo electrónico y Facebook. Toda la data obtenida será analizada a través del software estadístico SPSS. / The following study will be carried out in order to be able to understand the relationship that exists between brand image and brand trust and its impact on the purchase intention of consumers in the online channel. This study is focused on the category of technological devices; like cell phones, laptops and televisions. The target audience, which the investigation is directed to, is conformed by men and women, who belong to the socioeconomic level A and B from 20 to 35 years old and reside in Metropolitan Lima. The first objective of this study is to know what elements young consumers of technological devices consider to choose a product. In relation to this object of study, the purpose is to understand the entire procedure that exists between the need to acquire a product and the consumer's intention to acquire it. In addition, the purchase decision process will be evidenced in a general way in the technological devices sector. In order to acquire all the information mentioned above, the tool that will be used is a virtual survey. These surveys will be conducted on a sample of 400 people via email and Facebook. All the information obtained will be analyzed through the SPSS statistical software. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo dar a conocer e investigar la relación que existe entre la autenticidad de marca, confianza en la marca y valor percibido con la intención que tienen los consumidores de comprar bebidas no alcohólicas. Además, se identificará la relevancia, los alcances y las limitaciones que se puedan encontrar dentro del mismo, en el contexto actual peruano. Como parte de la investigación se expondrán las características más relevantes de cada una de las variables en mención que influyen en el consumidor al momento de querer realizar una compra de bebidas no alcohólicas. Asimismo, se mostrarán los cambios y crecimiento que ha venido teniendo esta categoría en el mercado peruano. Para ello, a partir de la información recaudada en las distintas investigaciones encontradas, he podido identificar los papers con mayores semejanzas a mi tema y poder comprender el valor que tienen las variables elegidas en el proceso de decisión de compra. / The main objective of this work is to publicize and investigate the relationship between brand authenticity, brand trust and perceived value with the intention of consumers to buy non-alcoholic beverages. In addition, it will identify the relevance, scope and limitations that can be found within it, in the current Peruvian context. As part of the research, the most relevant characteristics of each of the variables mentioned that influence the consumer when they want to make a purchase of non-alcoholic beverages will be exposed. Likewise, the changes and growth that this category has had in the Peruvian market will be shown. To do this, from the information collected in the different investigations found, I have been able to identify the papers with the most similarities to my topic and be able to understand the value of the variables chosen in the purchase decision process. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo central determinar la relación entre el Valor de marca, sus dimensiones (Asociación de marca, Conocimiento de marca, Lealtad de marca y Calidad percibida) y la Intención de compra. Se busca para ello, determinar los factores positivos y negativos de mayor influencia en la decisión de compra de un Smartphone, así como jerarquizar los factores del valor de marca para los consumidores según edades. Además, se requiere analizar el perfil típico del consumidor de Nivel socioeconómico D que compra Smartphones en Lima Metropolitana. Por último, se busca establecer el camino que siguen los consumidores a la hora de realizar la compra. Para la elaboración de esta investigación se propone un estudio correlacional no experimental de tipo transversal, utilizando un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo basado en entrevistas a profundidad, grupos focales y encuestas. / The main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between Brand Equity, its dimensions (Brand Association, Brand Awareness, Perceived Quality, and Brand Loyalty) and the Purchase Intention. For this purpose, it seeks to determine the positive and negative factors which have the greatest influence on the decision of buying a Smartphone, as well as to prioritize the factors of brand value for consumers according to ages. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the typical profile of the consumer of Socioeconomic Level D who buys Smartphones in Metropolitan Lima. Finally, it seeks to establish the path that consumers follow when making the purchase. For the development of this research, it is proposed a non-experimental cross-sectional correlational study, by using a qualitative and quantitative study based on in-depth interviews, focus groups and surveys. / Trabajo de investigación

El E-commerce es una de las herramientas tecnológicas que hoy en día ha tomado mayor uso e importancia por parte de las empresas. Es por ello que, se ha convertido en un proceso moderno para los consumidores que tienen el deseo de conseguir algo de manera rápida. El presente trabajo está dirigido al estudio del comercio electrónico en supermercados donde se evalúa a la intención de compra del consumidor como variable dependiente, ya que es un elemento importante para evaluar la posibilidad de un futuro comportamiento. El valor percibido, como la percepción del cliente basándose en lo que la marca le ofrece, ya sea una solución o servicios adicionales y lealtad de marca, por la compra recurrente a una misma empresa por parte de los consumidores debido a aspectos positivos, estas variables son determinadas como independientes. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia de las variables mencionadas anteriormente y en base a eso construir estrategias para que los supermercados las apliquen y de esta manera, satisfagan a sus clientes. La investigación es de metodología cuantitativa de tipo correlacional y de carácter concluyente porque nos brinda datos más exactos. Cabe resaltar, que la resolución de las hipótesis planteadas serán resueltas a lo largo de la investigación. / E-Commerce is one of the technology tools that nowadays has taken more importance and use by the business. Therefore, it has become a modern process for consumers that have the desire of getting something fast. The present investigation is focused on studying e-commerce in supermarkets where the consumer’s purchase intention is evaluated as a dependent variable, as it is an important element to evaluate the possibility of a future behavior. The value perceived like the perception of the client based on what the brand offers either a solution or additional service and brand loyalty by a recurring purchase to a same business due to positive aspects for the customers, these variables are determined as independent. The objective of this investigation is to analyze the influence of the mentioned variables based on that build strategies to apply for the supermarkets in this manner they can satisfy their customers. The investigation uses quantitative methodology correlational type and conclusive because it gives us exact data. Worth noting, that the resolution of the hypothesis is going to be resolved during the whole investigation. / Trabajo de investigación

Los restaurantes de fast food han tenido una gran acogida en el Perú, ya que, en los últimos años, aumentaron sus ventas y abrieron nuevos locales; sin embargo, con la aparición del e-commerce se desconoce qué tanto ha cambiado el desempeño de los restaurantes tradicionales en este sector. Partiendo desde este punto, la presente tesis, busca conocer la existencia de una relación entre la marca y la intención de compra en restaurantes tradicionales de fast food en personas de 18 a 35 años que consumen en el sector 6 de Lima Metropolitana. Así como también, conocer si tres de las dimensiones de la marca (calidad percibida, riesgo percibido y valor de cliente), pueden generar una intención de compra en estos restaurantes. La metodología empleada en esta investigación tuvo un alcance correlacional y un diseño no experimental/transeccional/correlacional-causal; además, se utilizó una investigación exploratoria como soporte, la cual tiene la siguiente estructura: En primer lugar, se realizaron tres entrevistas a profundidad, con el objetivo de conocer el sector; así mismo, se realizaron dos focus group de ocho personas entre 18 a 35 años, para conocer más acerca del consumidor y sus preferencias. En segundo lugar, se aplicaron 250 encuestas efectivas en escala de Likert, con preguntas divididas de forma equitativa entre las dimensiones de la marca y la variable intención de compra; obteniendo como resultado que el valor del cliente es la dimensión con la correlación más alta. Adicionalmente, se muestra una comparación con los resultados obtenidos en otro país, así como también, las conclusiones y recomendaciones a los usuarios interesados en el tema. / In the last few years, fast food restaurants have been well received in Peru with their increased sales and their new establishments; however, there is nothing that proves how traditional restaurants performance has changed in this sector after e-commerce appeared. This investigation seeks to know about the existence of a relationship between the brand and the purchase intention in fast food traditional restaurants in 18 to 35-year-old people that consume in sector 6 of Metropolitan Lima. Also, to figure out if the brand’s dimensions (perceived quality, perceived risk, and customer value) could generate a purchase intention in this kind of restaurants. For this investigation, the methodology had a correlational scope with an non experimental/cross-sectional /causal-correlational design; in addition, as support was used an experimental investigation that handles the following structure: First, three in-depth interviews that were made with the objective of knowing more about the sector, at the same time, two focus group to know better about the consumers and their preferences. In second place, 250 surveys were applied on a Likert scale with questions divided in an equitable way between the brand’s dimensions and the purchase intention variable, in which the obtained results prove that customer value is the dimension with the highest correlation. In addition, there is a comparison with the obtained results in another country, as well as provided conclusions and recommendations for interested users. / Tesis

This study sets out to explore attitudes and intentions towards nicotine product goods and how it is affected by the goal framing effect. The presence of this effect has been shown in the advertising of both green products and everyday products. The aim of this research is to explore whether or not this also holds true when it comes to unhealthy products, more precisely tobacco free all white nicotine products.    A quasi experimental study was conducted with the use of a fictitious brand of All-white tobacco. All 63 participants in the three different experimental groups of the study met the mandatory age requirement. One of the three groups received a positively framed advert, another received a negatively framed advert, whereas the last group acted as the control group and therefore received a neutral advertisement stimuli. All participants submitted their answers on a questionnaire created for this study, which was validated using Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis.   The results suggest that the use of goal framing is beneficial when advertising nicotine product goods. Both positive and negative goal-framing showed a greater effect on purchase intention and product attitude than the control group. The negative goal-framing advert proved to be statistically different than the control group when measuring product attitude. Furthermore, the positively framed advert showed a statistically significant difference in effect on both product attitude and purchase intention compared to the control group.    The findings suggest that positively framed goal-framing has an effect on both attitudes and purchase intention, compared to the neutral stimuli. The negatively framed goal-framing had an effect on attitudes, compared to the neutral stimuli. The practical implication of this study could possibly be that when constructing advertisements for tobacco free snus products, it could be preferable to make use of the positive goal-framing effect in order to affect the consumers purchase intention and attitude towards the product.   This study has confirmed to some extent that the framing effect is a factor prevalent in the advertising of tobacco free products. For further research it would be highly interesting to delve deeper in comparing positive and negative goal-framing in order to find further evidence of which one has greater effect on consumers.

Inledning: I inledningen redogörs för hur digitala sociala nätverk har växt fram och tagit en allt större plats i konsumenters vardag vilket har gjort dem till utmärkta marknadsföringskanaler. Därefter förklaras det nyaste stjärnskottet bland sociala medier, TikTok, och dess potentiella roll inom marknadsföring.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur marknadsföring genom sociala medier påverkar unga svenska konsumenters attityder.  Frågeställningar: Utifrån studiens syfte har två frågeställningar formulerats:  1. Vilken påverkan har marknadsföring genom TikTok på unga konsumenters kognitiva och affektiva attitydkomponent samt beteendekomponent?  2. Vad har bakgrundsvariabler (demografiska och användning) för effekt på unga konsumenters attityder till marknadsföring genom TikTok?  Teori: I studiens teoriavsnitt presenteras sociala medier som marknadsföringsverktyg mer utförligt. Därefter förklaras det komplexa begreppet attityd som delas in i tre olika attitydkomponenter. Vidare beskrivs teori runt word-of-mouth, content marketing, Generation Z, skillnader mellan könen samt skillnader mellan olika typer av användare Metod: Studien är grundad i en kvantitativ metod och en tvärsnittsdesign har tillämpats. Empirin har samlats in genom enkäter online. Data har sedan analyserats i det statistiska programmet SPSS med T-tester, korrelationsanalyser och ANOVA-analyser.  Slutsats: Studien har visat att marknadsföring genom TikTok inte har en positiv påverkan på konsumenters attityder. Dock är detta den första studien av sitt slag och det krävs därför mer forskning för att stärka eller förkasta resultatet. Word-of-mouth och content marketing hade ett starkt positivt samband med konsumenternas attityder. Det fanns inga skillnader mellan könen. En liten skillnad upptäcktes mellan olika användare där de som någon gång publicerat något på TikTok hade positivare kognitiv attityd än de som aldrig publicerat något. / Introduction: The introduction consist of how the digital world of social networking has evolved and been given more room in the individuals everyday life which has made it possible for the platforms to become excellent marketing channels. Then the study presents the new sensation TikTok and their potential part in marketing. Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the influence of TikTok marketing communications on young consumers’ cognitive, affective and behavioral attitude components in Sweden.  Research questions: Based on the study’s purpose the following research questions where phrased:  1. What influence do TikTok marketing communications have on young consumers’ cognitive, affective and behavioral attitude components?  2. What influence do background variables have on young consumers’ attitudes towards marketing through TikTok?  Theory: The theoretical part of the study provides more in-depth explanations about social media as a marketing tool, the complex concept of an attitude which can be divided into three different components. Furthermore, the theories of word-of-mouth, content marketing, Generation Z, differences in genders attitudinal responses, and differences among various types of users, are described. Method: The study is based on a quantitative method and a cross-sectional design was applied. An online survey was used via self-administered questionnaires that where distributed through a snowball sampling. Data was analyzed through the statistical tool SPSS by using T-tests, bivariate correlation analysis and ANOVA analysis. Conclusion: The study discovered that young consumers displayed unfavorable attitudes towards marketing communications through TikTok. However, both word-of-mouth and content marketing was positively correlated to attitudes. No significant differences were found between genders. Individuals who had at least posted content sometime on TikTok displayed more favorable cognitive attitudes than those who had never posted on TikTok.

För professionella atleter har det blivit allt viktigare med starka, personliga varumärken. Det är av stor vikt för personliga varumärken att associeras med positiva och attraktiva attribut då detta influerar konsumenter i deras val av konsumtion. Personliga varumärken representerar olika värderingar, och utifrån dessa värderingar bygger konsumenter upp särskilda förväntningar. Om ett personligt varumärke, i detta fall en atlet, avviker från konsumenters förväntningar kan det komma att påverka varumärkets anseende och det kan bli svårt att reparera skadan som avvikelsen orsakat. Etiska, respektive lagliga överträdelser är exempel på avvikelser som kan störa förväntningarna konsumenter har på atleter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om konsumenters uppfattningar och konsumtion av atleters personliga varumärken ändras efter att atleter begått etiska, respektive lagliga överträdelser, samt att undersöka vad konsumenter anser om olika återhämtningsstrategier atleter använt sig av för att reparera sina personliga varumärken. För att undersöka detta har Therese Johaug och Tiger Woods valts ut som studieobjekt. Tillsammans med litteratur och tidigare forskning används de två atleternas personliga varumärken, deras överträdelser och återhämtningsstrategier för att besvara studiens syfte och forskningsfrågor. Studien använder metodkombination och 162 konsumenter har svarat på studiens enkätundersökning och åtta konsumenter har deltagit i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien visar att överträdelser, oavsett etisk eller laglig karaktär, påverkar konsumenters uppfattningar om atleters personliga varumärken negativt. Vidare visar studien att konsumenters intentioner att konsumera atleters personliga varumärken minskar för hälften och är oförändrade för hälften, oavsett överträdelsens karaktär. Slutligen visar resultatet att konsumenter föredrar strategier där atleter tar på sig ansvar och ber om ursäkt för överträdelsen. Det visar sig även vara fördelaktigt om den anklagade atleten försöker sätta händelsen i en mer fördelaktig kontext, samt förklarar hur åtgärder ska vidtas för att överträdelsen inte ska återupprepas. / For professional athletes it has become increasingly important to maintain strong, personal brands. It is of great importance for personal brands to associate with positive and attractive attributes as this affects consumers in their choice of consumption. Personal brands represent different values, and on the basis of these values, consumers build up specific expectations. If a personal brand, in this case an athlete, deviates from consumer expectations, it can affect the brand's reputation and it can be difficult to repair the damage caused by the deviation. Ethical and legal transgressions are examples of deviations that can disrupt the expectations consumers have of athletes. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether consumers’ perception and consumption of athletes' personal brands change after athletes have committed ethical or legal transgressions, as well as to examine how consumers perceive the different recovery strategies athletes have used to repair their personal brands. To study this, Therese Johaug and Tiger Woods have been selected as study objects. The two athletes’ personal brands, their different transgressions and recovery strategies are used along with literature and previous research related to the subject to answer the study's purpose and research questions. The study uses a method combination and 162 consumers responded to the study's survey and eight consumers participated in semi-structured interviews. The study shows that transgressions, regardless of ethical or legal character, negatively affect consumers’ perceptions of athletes’ personal brands. Furthermore, consumers’ intentions to consume athletes’ personal brands were found to decrease for half of them, and maintain the same for the other half, regardless of the character of the transgression. Finally, the results show that consumers prefer image repair strategies where athletes take responsibility and apologize for the transgression. It was also shown to be favorable if the athlete tried to put the transgression in a more advantageous context and explained what actions that were going to be made to prevent the transgression from being repeated.

Purpose: This research’s purpose is to test previous used factors that influence the green purchase intentions of apparel products on a not yet tested target group, young consumers in the Netherlands. The goal that goes with the purpose is to stimulate the sustainable apparel consumption in the Netherlands. Research design: To fulfill the purpose of this study, an online questionnaire has been distributed to young consumers in the Netherlands. A total of 400 valid respondents were collected through the convenience sampling- and snowball sampling method. With the valid respondents the multiple linear regression and hierarchical linear regression were conducted. Findings: The current study has found enough evidence to statistically prove that attitude, subjective norm, perceived environmental concern, a low aesthetic risk, and willingness to pay premium have a positive influence on the purchase intention. The study did not find enough evidence to statistically prove that perceived behavioral control, perceived environmental knowledge, and perceived consumer effectiveness have a positive influence on the purchase intention.

Propósito - El actual contexto evidencia un incremento en la atracción hacia las compras en línea en sitios web de retailers minoristas. Asimismo, se evidencia un cambio en el comportamiento de los usuarios millennials y los factores que afectan su intención de compra. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el efecto de los factores de la EW (usabilidad, interactividad, confianza y estética) en la intención de compra en línea de los usuarios en sitios web retail, específicamente en la categoría ropa, en Lima Metropolitana. Los descubrimientos del estudio ayudarían a los retailers minoristas en el diseño de sitios web más efectivos. Diseño / metodología /enfoque - De 486 cuestionarios distribuidos a jóvenes millennials en Lima Metropolitana, se obtuvieron 400 respuestas efectivas. Asimismo, se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico con una técnica de muestreo por conveniencia. La data recolectada fue procesada mediante SPSS. Se utilizó el Alfa de Cronbach para comprobar la fiabilidad de las escalas. Un análisis factorial exploratorio fue ejecutado para la reducción de datos que permitió explorar las variables en estudio. Finalmente, se realizó una regresión lineal múltiple para determinar la estructura de relación entre las variables. Hallazgos - Los resultados muestran que la usabilidad, interactividad, confianza y estética son los factores de la EW que afectan positivamente y significativamente la intención de compra en línea en usuarios millennials en Lima Metropolitana. Se propusieron 4 hipótesis las cuales fueron aceptadas en su totalidad. Originalidad / valor - La presente investigación comparte información relevante acerca de los efectos de los factores de la EW en la intención de compra en línea. Además, amplía el conocimiento respecto a la importancia del diseño de sitios web efectivos integrando los factores más relevantes como usabilidad, interactividad, confianza y estética para mejorar la experiencia del usuario en línea. / Purpose - The current context shows an increase in the attraction to online purchases on retail websites. Hence, there is a change in the behavior of millennial users and the factors that seek their purchase intention. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the effect of EW factors (usability, interactivity, trust and aesthetics) on the online purchase intention of users on retail websites, specifically in the clothing category, in Lima Metropolitan. The study's findings would aid retail retailers in designing more effective websites. Design / methodology /approach - From 486 questionnaires distributed to millennials in Lima Metropolitana, 400 effective responses were obtained. Likewise, non-probability sampling was used with a convenience sampling technique. The collected data was processed using SPSS. Cronbach's Alpha was used to check the reliability of the scales. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for data reduction that allowed exploring the variables under study. Finally, a multiple linear regression was performed to determine the relationship structure between the variables. Findings - The results show that usability, interactivity, trust and aesthetics are the WE factors that positively and significantly affect online purchase intention in millennial users in Lima Metropolitana. 4 hypotheses were proposed which were fully accepted. Originality / value - This research shares relevant information about the effects of Web Experience factors on online purchase intention. In addition, it expands the knowledge regarding the importance of effective website design by integrating the most relevant factors such as usability, interactivity, trust and aesthetics to improve the online user experience. / Tesis / PE