El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad identificar las variables imagen de marca, calidad percibida del producto, el boca a boca electrónico y el país de origen en relación a la intención de compra en la categoría de electrodomésticos. Por lo cual, se tomará en cuenta diferentes papers relacionados con las variables en mención para poder analizarlos y encontrar diferentes relaciones entre ellas. Asimismo, se plantean diferentes hipótesis que ayudarán a seguir enriqueciendo la investigación cómo también se podrá conocer si estas cumplen con los objetivos planteados. / The present document aims to identify the variables brand image, perceived product quality, electronic word of mouth and country of origin in relation to purchase intention in the home appliances category. Therefore, different papers related to the mentioned variables will be taken into account in order to analyze them and find different relationships between them. In addition, different hypotheses are proposed that will help to continue enriching the research and to find out if they meet the objectives set out. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación realiza un análisis del comportamiento de las variables: Marketing en los Medios Sociales, Imagen de Marca, Valor de Marca, Lealtad de Marca, Conocimiento de Marca e Intención de Recompra; las cuales se relacionan entre sí, y también, se analiza los efectos que estas tienen en la relación cliente / marca. Este trabajo, se considera relevante, debido a que puede ser beneficioso para que futuras marcas puedan mejorar su imagen y la relación con los clientes presentes y futuros. En este sentido, uno de los vacíos del estudio, es que muestra la postura desde el punto de vista de estudiantes que cumplieran con ciertas características solicitadas, más no se utilizó un público objetivo real. De esta forma, si bien los resultados brindan una perspectiva cercana a la del consumidor es necesario abarcar el punto de vista real de las marcas y la intención de compra (Almohaimmeed, 2019). Otro factor a considerar, es el lugar y las condiciones socioculturales, las cuales afectan el contexto de los resultados, por lo que no se podría generalizar los resultados según las investigaciones ya realizadas, sin embargo, si se considera una oportunidad para que pueda ser indagado en futuras investigaciones sobre el contexto sociocultural limeño. (Sehar Ashraf y Azam, 2019; Ismail, 2017). Además, el sector investigado impide que el modelo de valor de la marca se proyecte a otros rubros, ya que el tamaño de la muestra es muy limitado (Shabbir, Khan y Khan, 2017). / This research work performs an analysis of the behavior of the variables: Social Media Marketing, Brand Image, Brand Equity, Brand Loyalty, Brand Awareness and Repurchase Intention; which are related to each other, and the effects they have on the customer / brand relationship are also analyzed. This work is considered relevant, because it can be beneficial for future brands to improve their image and the relationship with present and future customers. Furthermore, one of the gaps in the study is that it shows the position from the point of view of students who meet certain requested characteristics, but a real target audience was not used. Although the results provide a close perspective of the consumer point of view, but it is necessary to cover the real opinion of the brands and the purchase intention (Almohaimmeed, 2019). Another factor to consider is the place and the sociocultural conditions, which affect the context of the results, so thisones could not be generalized according to the investigations already carried out, however this is considered as an opportunity for it to be investigated in future research on the Lima sociocultural context. (Sehar Ashraf and Azam, 2019; Ismail, 2017). In addition, the investigated sector prevents the brand's value model from being projected to other areas, since the sample size is very limited (Shabbir, Khan and Khan, 2017). / Trabajo de investigación

El trabajo presente consiste en un análisis de una gran variable denominada Brand experience y como esta se relaciona al purchase intention y brand loyalty. Además se busca identificar la correlación entre la gran variable y las variables independientes como el nivel de experiencia afectiva con una marca, la experiencia intelectual con respecto al consumo, la experiencia sensorial con la oportunidad de compra y, finalmente, la lealtad como resultado de una buena experiencia. Se propone realizar un estudio cuantitativo no probabilístico a una muestra de 400 consumidores de cerveza artesanal mediante enfoques bivariados y multivariados en SPSS y Smart Less. / The present work consists of an analysis of the variable Brand experience and how it is related to other variables such as Purchase Intention and Brand Loyalty. In addition, it seeks to identify the correlation between the large variable and the independent variables such as the level of affective experience with a brand, the intellectual experience with respect to consumption, the sensory experience and the opportunity to purchase and finally, loyalty as a result of a good experience. It is proposed to carry out a non probabilistic quantitative study to a sample of 400 craft beer consumers using bivariate and multivariate approaches in SPSS and Smart Less. / Trabajo de investigación

En la última década, el uso y consumo de smartphones (teléfonos inteligentes) ha ascendido de manera constante, así mismo la manera en la que los consumidores interactúan con las marcas se ha transformado a causa del acceso a conexión internet en smartphones, por ello, es fundamental conocer los factores que podrían influir en la decisión de compra de smartphones en los consumidores. En el presente paper, mediante un análisis cuantitativo buscará identificar la relación de las variables brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality y repurchase intention en la categoría de smartphones. / In the last decade, the use and consumption of smartphones has grown steadily, likewise, the way in which consumers interact with brands has changed due to access to internet connection on smartphones. It is essential to know the factors. In that way, it is essential to know the factors that could influence the purchase intention of smartphones in consumers. In this paper, through a quantitative analysis it seeks to identify the relationship of the variables brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty, perceived quality and repurchase intention. / Trabajo de investigación

The study was conducted in Harare as regards Zimbabwe’s mobile telecommunications sector, examining the influence of a selected factors on consumers’ awareness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the effects that CSR awareness has on consumers. The practice of CSR influences a number of business aspects including firm financials, corporate image, corporate reputation and market share. This study has been ignited by the fact that little evidence exist in studies covering the precursors and effects of CSR awareness from the consumers’ perspective. More so, that Zimbabwe’s mobile telecommunications sector is currently the fastest growing sector accompanied with numerous CSR activities. The present study therefore sought to answer the questions which includes; (i) does ethical consumerism, consumer rights awareness, socio-environmental awareness and consumer generosity culture influence consumer awareness of CSR in the mobile telecommunications sector? (ii) what is the effect of age, gender and level of education on consumer awareness of CSR in the mobile telecommunications sector? (iii) what is the influence of consumer awareness of CSR on corporate image, consumer attitude, purchase intention and actual purchase behaviour in the mobile telecommunications sector? (iv) what is the effect of corporate image on consumer attitude in the mobile telecommunications sector? (v) what is the effect of consumer attitude on purchase intention in the mobile telecommunications sector? (vi) what is the effect of purchase intention on actual purchase behaviour in the mobile telecommunications sector? A mixed research study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire on 1,100 mobile telecommunications sector consumers in Harare, Zimbabwe. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS with AMOS while qualitative data was analysed using NVIVO. The study results indicate that ethical consumerism, consumer rights awareness, socio-environmental awareness and consumer generosity positively influence consumer CSR awareness while age, gender and level of education do not influence consumer CSR awareness. CSR awareness proves to have a direct influence on corporate image, consumer attitude, purchase intention and not on actual purchase behaviour. The study findings show a direct positive relationship among corporate image, consumer attitude, purchase intention and actual purchase behaviour. The study recognized that respondents are aware of CSR in the form of firm donations, assistance towards social causes, improving the environment, building or renovating facilities, good services, affordable prices and promotional programs. Study results points out that respondents are aware of CSR through platforms such as advertising, sending text messages, firms’ ethical or professional conduct, campaigns and exhibitions. / Business Management / D. B. L.(Business Leadership)

Datum: 2023-05-30 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Företagsekonomi, 15 hp  Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet  Författare: Alva Landberg (96/07/03), Emma Inge (98/02/15), Felicia Schönning (98/11/02)                                                                                 Titel: Användargenererat innehåll på TikTok och dess påverkan; En kvantitativ undersökning av generation Z's köpintention och köpbeslut Handledare: Pejvak Oghazi Nyckelord: Användargenererat innehåll, Attityder, Elektronisk Word of Mouth (eWOM), Generation Z, Köpbeslut, Köpintention, TikTok Forskningsfrågor: (1) Hur påverkar användandet av TikTok generation Z’s köpbeslut? (2) Har användargenererat innehåll på TikTok något samband med generation Z’s köpintention? (3) Hur påverkas generation Z’s köpbeslut av användargenererat innehåll på TikTok? (4) Hur påverkar användandet av TikTok generation Z’s attitydkomponenter; kognitiv, affektiv och beteende? (5) Vilka skillnader finns mellan generation Z och millennials vid användandet av TikTok?   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka ifall användargenererat innehåll på sociala medieplattformen TikTok påverkar generation Z's köpintention och köpbeslut. Metod: Studien är baserad på en kvantitativ forskningsansats där primärdata samlats in i form av en digital enkätundersökning. Datan samlades in med ett resultat av 183 respondenter med ett bortfall på 30, vilket gav 150 validerade svar. Datan analyserades sedan via en korrelationsanalys, Cronbach’s alfa, regressionsanalys och en korstabulering i det statistiska dataprogrammet SPSS. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att användargenererat innehåll på TikTok har ett samband med generation Z’s köpintention och köpbeslut. En ökad användning av TikTok bidrar till att attitydkomponenterna; kognitiv, affektiv, beteende påverkas positivt av rekommendationer från användare på TikTok, vilket bidrar till en ökad köpintention som senare leder till ett köpbeslut. / Date: 2023-05-30 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Alva Landberg (96/07/03), Emma Inge (98/02/15), Felicia Schönning (98/11/02)  Title: User-generated content on TikTok and its impact; A quantitative study of generation Z's purchase intention and purchase decision Supervisor: Pejvak Oghazi Keywords: Attitudes, Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM), Generation Z, Purchase decision, Purchase intention, TikTok, User Generated Content (UGC) Research questions: (1) How does the use of TikTok affect generation Z's purchase decisions? (2) Does user-generated content on TikTok relate to generation Z's purchase intention? (3) How does user-generated content on TikTok influence generation Z’s purchasing decisions? (4) How does using TikTok affect generation Z's attitudinal components; cognitive, affective, and behavioral? (5) What are the differences between generation Z and millennials when using TikTok? Purpose: This study aims to investigate if user-generated content on the social media platform TikTok influences generation Z's purchase intention and purchase decision. Method: This study is based on a quantitative research approach where primary data has been collected through an online survey. The data was collected with a result of 183 respondents with a non-response rate of 30, which gave a total of 150 validated responses. The data were analyzed through a correlation analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, regression analysis and a cross-tabulation in the statistical data program SPSS. Conclusion: The result showed that user-generated content on TikTok has a connection with generation Z's purchase intention and purchase decision. Increased use of TikTok contributes to the attitudinal components; cognitive, affective and behavior is positively affected by recommendations from users on TikTok, which contributes to an increased purchase intention that leads to a purchase decision.

Denna studie undersöker effekterna av könsstereotypisk marknadsföring inom sport- och hälsobranschen. Forskningsfrågorna tar upp effekterna av både könsstereotypisk och icke-könsstereotypisk marknadsföring på varumärkesimage samt hur det påverkar konsumenters köpintention. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken typ av marknadsföring som är mest fördelaktig för varumärkesimage och köpintentionen: könsstereotypisk reklam eller icke-könsstereotypisk reklam. Studien använde en kvantitativ forskningsansats där primärdata samlades in genom en digital enkätundersökning med 80 respondenter. Data analyserades med hjälp av korrelationsanalys och sample t-test. Resultaten visar att varumärkesimage och köpintention påverkas negativt av extrem könsstereotypisk reklam, positivt av förebyggande reklam som inte använder könsstereotyper, men förblir oförändrade vid mindre tydliga könsstereotypiska reklamannonser. Företag bör vara medvetna om de negativa effekterna av extrem könsstereotypisk marknadsföring på varumärkesimage och köpintention. Istället kan förebyggande reklam som inte använder sig av könsstereotyper vara mer fördelaktig för att skapa en positiv varumärkesimage och påverka köpintentionen hos konsumenterna positivt. / This study examines the impact of gender-stereotypical marketing in the sports and health industry on a company's brand image and purchase intention. The research questions address the effects of both gender-stereotypical and non-gender-stereotypical marketing on brand image, as well as the influence on consumers' purchase intention. The aim of the study is to determine whether using gender-stereotypical or non-gender-stereotypical advertising is more beneficial for brand image and purchase intention. A quantitative research approach was employed, and primary data was collected through a digital survey completed by 80 respondents. The collected data was analyzed using correlation analysis and sample t-tests in the statistical software SPSS. The findings indicate that brand image and purchase intention are negatively affected by extreme gender-stereotypical advertisements, positively influenced by non-gender-stereotypical preventive advertisements, but remain unchanged with less explicit gender-stereotypical advertisements. Thus, companies should be cautious about using extreme gender-stereotypical marketing, as it can have detrimental effects on their brand image and purchase intention.

The increasing threats to the environment have led the consumers to enhance their concern for environment. As a result, consumers nowadays intend to purchase environmentally friendly products as part of showing their concern for environment. This changing trend of consumer behavior has also driven the businesses to act accordingly and introduce sustainability within business process including production, offerings and distribution with an objective of protecting environment. Apart from the environmental benefits, getting involved in the environmentally friendly activities also enable the businesses to enjoy higher profit margins, positive brand image, higher employee commitment and above all competitive advantage. Current literature shows that, because of enormous benefits businesses are also getting involved in transforming sustainable consumption through different marketing activities to avoid poor sales of green products. Brand generated contents, defined as contents shared and controlled by the business itself on its owned or earned platforms, is often used by the marketers and businesses to share information or justifying premium pricing of green products. The primary purpose of this study is to develop insights and understand the relationship between different factors driven by brand generated contents and green purchase intention. The study is implemented by a quantitative study where 156 respondents have shared their perceptions and thoughts related to different factors of brand generated contents on social media platforms that they perceive to influence their purchase intentions to green products. Even though green consumerism and green purchase intention is not a new concept within field of research, connecting it with brand generated content is a completely new phenomenon. Existing literature suggests that researchers have tried to measure the green purchase intention mostly based on uncontrollable factors by marketers or different traditional consumer theory. Some other researchers have also tried to connect green purchase intention with user-generated content completely overlooking its counterpart, brand generated content. Five constructs have been developed based on existing literature: knowledge awareness, perceived concern for environment, perceived product value, attitude and trust of contents. A survey questionnaire was developed with three sections- demographic section to comprehend the respondents, behavioral section to understand purchase behavior of respondents related to green products and final section to understand the perception of consumers. The finding demonstrates interesting insights with perceived concern for environment and attitude to be positively significant and trust of content to be negatively significant to green purchase intentions. However, the finding is believed to assist the marketing practitioners and businesses to develop marketing strategies for green products and develop contents accordingly. Furthermore, the study aims to contribute theoretically within the field of brand generated content and green purchase intention by filling the gap and linking each other. Finally, the study has significant potential of contributing to society by helping in promoting environmentally friendly products and protecting the environment.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur e-handelsföretags returpolicys, mer specifikt returkomponenterna returtid, returkostnad och returansträngning, kan påverka konsumenters upplevda risk vid köp av kläder online. Studien utgår från tre hypoteser, vilka är: “Längre returtider resulterar i en lägre upplevd risk hos konsumenter vid köp av kläder online”, “Lägre returkostnader leder till lägre upplevd risk hos konsumenter vid köp av kläder online” samt “Lägre returansträngning medför att konsumenter upplever en lägre risk vid köp av kläder online”. Metod: Tvärsnittsstudien omfattades av en enkätundersökning där deltagarnas åsikter och inställningar ställdes i centrum. 109 användbara svar genererades utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval. Svaren analyserades genom en multipel regressionsanalys för att undersöka respektive returkomponents påverkan på konsumentens upplevda risk vid köp av kläder online. Resultat: Resultatet indikerade på att ökad returtid respektive en minskad returkostnad bidrar till att reducera den upplevda risken för konsumenten vid köp av kläder online. Vad gäller returansträngning fann studien inget stöd för att en lägre ansträngning genererade en lägre upplevd risk för konsumenten vid köp av kläder online. Däremot saknades signifikans för variablerna returtid och returansträngning vilket gör det svårt att utesluta slumpfaktorn i dessa hypoteser. Det gick även att observera att returkomponenten returkostnad påverkade den upplevda risken i störst omfattning. Originalitet/Värde: I en ständigt växande e-handelsmarknad, speciellt inom modebranschen, är konkurrensen ett faktum vilket gör att företagen alltmer konkurrerar i andra områden än de produkter de säljer. Det finns en problematik kring hur returpolicys ska utformas på bästa sätt. Då upplevd risk har en betydande effekt på köp- och returintentionen av kläder köpta av konsumenter online är det ett relevant och viktigt ämne att studera. Studien kan bidra med insikt i vilka returkomponenter som värderas och uppskattas mest av konsumenter i en returpolicy, något som kan påverka konsumenters inställning till köpet. Med grund i studien och dess resultat konstateras att företag som säljer kläder online bör arbeta med att utforma sina returpolicys på ett sätt som minskar konsumenternas upplevda risk i största möjliga utsträckning. Vid situationer där företag behöver strama åt sina returpolicys kan denna studie hjälpa till med att ge stöd för vilken returkomponent som värderas minst av konsumenter. / Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate how e-commerce companies’ return policies, more specifically the return components return time, return cost and return effort, can affect consumers' perceived risk while purchasing clothes online. The study revolves around three different hypotheses, which are: “Longer return times result in a lower perceived risk for consumers when buying clothes online”, “Lower return costs lead to a lower perceived risk among consumers when buying clothes online” as well as “Lower return efforts lead to consumers experiencing a lower risk when buying clothes online” Methodology: The cross-sectional study consists of a questionnaire survey in which the participants' opinions and attitudes were at the center. 109 useful responses were generated based on a convenience sample. The responses were analyzed through a multiple regression analysis, in order to examine the impact of each return component on the consumers' perceived risk while purchasing clothes online. Findings: The result indicated that an increased return time as well as a reduced return cost contribute to reducing the perceived risk for the consumer when purchasing clothes online. Regarding return effort, the study found no support that a lower return effort generated a lower perceived risk for the consumer when buying clothes online. However, the findings regarding return time and return effort were lacking significance, which means that there is a risk of the findings being coincidental. It was also possible to observe that the return component return cost affected the consumers’ perceived risk to the greatest extent. Originality / Value: In an ever-growing e-commerce market, especially in the fashion industry, competition is a fact which results in companies increasingly cofmpeting in other areas than the products they sell. There is a problem with how return policies should be designed in the best way. As perceived risk has an effect on the consumers’ intention to buy and return clothes purchased online, it is a relevant and important topic to study. The study can provide insight into which return components consumers value and appreciate most in a return policy, something that can affect consumers' attitudes towards the purchase. Based on the study and its results, it is stated that companies that sell clothes online should work on designing their return policies in a way that reduces consumers' perceived risk to the greatest possible extent. In situations where companies have to tighten their return policies, this study can help provide support for which return component is least valued by consumers. This thesis is written in Swedish.

The Free-to-play (F2P) model is the primary business model applied in indie mobile games nowadays. However, the fact that less than 5% of players are paying is still a big problem for developers. There is a theoretical gap in understandings of how to increase revenue without lowering the quality of the game and deliver more valuable and better gaming experience for players. Some assumptions and empirical methods need to be verified. The aim of this research is to understand a series of specific design and development questions of F2P games, including game inner mechanics, game structures, and monetization strategies. We attempted to find consensus between developers and players. In addition, this research also sought to find out how F2P mobile game can provide as a comprehensive service in order. It sought to find a sustainable and profitable business model for each game by integrating monetization organically inside of the game without sacrificing players’ enjoyment. We used a mixed methods research approach, including both interviews and surveys, to examine the opinions and behavior of developers and players based on the Acquisition-Retention-Monetization funnel.